ABSTRACT: Aujeszky’s Disease (AD) is a highly infectious swine disease caused by Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV 1). The present study evaluated the biosafety of commercial swine farms and carried out the first serological survey for Aujeszky’s Disease in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. A total of 55 farms in 27 municipalities of the state were selected, where 416 swine serum samples were collected to be submitted to serological diagnosis for AD. Finally, a survey was carried out using a questionnaire to obtain information on the biosecurity of the farms. The results by the ELISA technique indicated the absence of antibodies for AD. Regarding the biosecurity of the farms, 56.4% of the farms did not meet the requirement of internal isolation, 67.3% did not have changing rooms, 72.7% did not provide specific clothing for employees and visitors, 85.5% did not require visitors bathe to access the sheds and only 10.9% of the farms controlled the flow of visitors and vehicles accessing the property. Another noteworthy factor is that only 25.5% of the farms had an area to quarantine replacement animals and 69.1% had an access ramp located close to the animal pens. With the results, it was concluded that there is a need to improve biosecurity measures on commercial farms in the state of Espírito Santo and that there was no presence of Aujeszky’s Disease in the evaluated animals.

RESUMO: A Doença de Aujeszky (DA) é uma enfermidade de suínos altamente infecciosa, causada pelo herpesvírus suíno 1 (SuHV 1). O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a biosseguridade das granjas comerciais capixabas de suínos e realizar o primeiro inquérito sorológico para Doença de Aujeszky no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram selecionadas 55 granjas em 27 municípios do Estado, onde se coletou 416 amostras de soro de suínos para serem submetidos ao diagnóstico sorológico para DA. Por fim, foi realizado inquérito, mediante questionário para obter informações sobre a biosseguridade das granjas. Os resultados pela técnica de ELISA indicaram ausência de anticorpos para DA. Em relação à biosseguridade das granjas, 56,4% das granjas não atenderam o requisito de cerca de isolamento interno, 67,3% não possuíam vestiários, 72,7% não disponibilizavam roupas específicas para funcionários e visitantes, 85,5% não exigiam a prática de banho dos visitantes para acesso aos galpões e somente 10,9% das granjas faziam o controle do fluxo de visitantes e veículos que acessam a propriedade. Outro fator destacado é que apenas 25,5% das granjas apresentavam área para realizar quarentena dos animais de reposição e 69,1% possuíam o embarcador localizado próximo às baias dos animais. Com os resultados, concluiu-se que há necessidade de melhoria das medidas de biosseguridade nas granjas comerciais no Estado do Espírito Santo e que não houve presença da Doença de Aujeszky nos animais avaliados.

BACKGROUND: Since 2020, the world has been battling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The mortality and morbidity at the height of the pandemic sparked generalised fear and uncertainty about the future. Concerns were raised about the psychological impact of the pandemic on workers in healthcare systems globally. This study was conducted to establish the degree of psychological impact of the pandemic on frontline health workers in Lesotho METHODS: The study used a quantitative cross-sectional survey design. The Kessler psychological distress screening tool (K-10) and the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for civilians (PCL-C) were administered to screen for psychological distress among clinical staff at St. Joseph's Hospital in Roma and its four Health Centres. Additional open- and closed-ended questions were added for context. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact tests, Pearson chi-square tests and correlation studies RESULTS: Of the 101 participants, 42 (41.6%) scored ≥ 24 on the K-10 scale (95% CI: 32.0% - 51.2%) indicating moderate to severe psychological distress and 32 (31.7%) scored ≥ 50 on the PCL-C checklist suggesting severe PTSD (95% CI: 24.5% - 42.9%). High scores on the K-10 were found more among men than women (17 [37.8%] vs. 4 [7.1%]; p ≤ 0.001). Post-traumatic stress disorder was more in the younger age group (p ≤ 0.03), in those reporting anxiety (p = 0.005) and those with more co-morbidities (p ≤ 0.001 CONCLUSION: This study revealed the grave psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline clinical health workers in Lesotho CONTRIBUTION: These data will assist health leaders and policymakers to implement mental health support interventions for health workers in future

Resumo Cientes da dificuldade em representar e verificar os elementos que configuram o dolo, especialmente quanto ao crime de genocídio, e em meio às discussões acerca da adequação típica das condutas de dirigentes nacionais adotadas durante a Pandemia de Covid-19, buscamos, no presente estudo, apresentar uma alternativa às teorias existentes para identificação dos quesitos que constituem o intent to destroy, elemento essencial do tipo do crime de genocídio, conforme redação da Convenção para Prevenção e Repressão do Crime de Genocídio, replicada no Estatuto de Roma. De forma dialética, por meio da combinação de duas teorias propostas para a verificação e caracterização do dolo: a Twice Twofold Structure proposta por Kai Ambos, e a Teoria Cognitiva do Dolo na linha proposta por Ingeborg Puppe e compartilhada por Luís Greco, que toma o conceito de vontade no sentido atributivo-normativo, em contraste com o conceito psicológico-descritivo adotado pelas tradicionais teorias volitivas do dolo, apresentou-se uma terceira teoria capaz de melhor demonstrar o special intent/dollus specialis/dolo especial, que é requisito à verificação da conduta dolosa, única forma admissível de comissão do crime de genocídio. Na sequência, analisamos a alardeada suposta prática de genocídio por dirigentes nacionais na condução das políticas públicas de combate à pandemia de Covid-19, especialmente no estado do Amazonas, tomando por base o Relatório Final votado pela Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito da Pandemia, em 26 de outubro de 2021, deduzindo pela possível prática de genocídio em face apenas de populações indígenas, já que para os demais casos mostraram-se ausentes diversos requisitos intrínsecos tanto ao conceito de genocídio quanto à teoria ora elaborada.

Abstract Aware of the difficulty in representing and verifying the elements that constitute intent, especially regarding the crime of genocide, and amid discussions about the typical adequacy of the conduct of national leaders adopted during the Covid-19 Pandemic, we sought, in the present study, to present an alternative to existing theories for identifying the key elements of the intent to destroy, an essential element of the crime of genocide, according to the wording of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, replicated in the Rome Statute, through a dialectical method that worked on the combination of two theories proposed for the verification and characterization of intent/dollus: the Twice Twofold Structure proposed by Kai Ambos, and the Cognitive Theory of Intent proposed by Ingeborg Puppe and shared by Luís Greco, which takes the concept of will in the attributive-normative sense, in contrast to the psychological-descriptive concept adopted by traditional volitive theories, in order to demonstrate the special intent/dolus specialis required for the verification of willful conduct, the only admissible form of commission of genocide. Therefore, we have proposed a third theory, which consists of a combination of both presented theories, and, through its concepts, we have analyzed the alleged practice of genocide by national leaders regarding public policies to fight the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, based on the Final Report submitted by the Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry on the Pandemic, on October 26, 2021, concluding the possibility of genocide commission only against indigenous people, since it was not possible to identify all requisites regarding other alleged victims.

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer el enfoque pedagógico de los libros de Historia de México, editados por el gobierno federal en el periodo 2019-2022. Se analizan los discursos sobre los cuales se basa el concepto Nueva Escuela Mexicana dentro de las orientaciones para la enseñanza de la historia, así como la correspondencia con las instituciones oficiales y el discurso emanado del poder Ejecutivo federal. La categoría teórica de usos políticos de la historia acude a sustentar este trabajo. El enfoque metodológico estará centrado en un análisis historiográfico de tres publicaciones, provenientes cada una del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, el Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos sobre las Revoluciones de México y de la Secretaría de Educación Pública. La idea de contrastar estos materiales proviene tanto por su relevancia mediática como por ser destinados en su origen como un material de apoyo a los futuros docentes, para el caso de los primeros, mientras que el segundo, refiere el libro de texto gratuito de educación primaria. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra que la presencia de autores, que en otros foros se han mostrado críticos al manejo de la historia por parte del Ejecutivo, no coindice con el adoctrinamiento que los medios de comunicación han calificado a estas publicaciones. Por su parte se concluye, a partir del análisis elaborado, que el discurso oficial del Ejecutivo tiene una intención más política que pedagógica y que estos nuevos enfoques aún no se reflejan en las prácticas docentes.

Résumé: Le présent travail vise à exposer l’approche pédagogique des livres d’histoire du Mexique, édités par le gouvernement fédéral dans la période 2019-2022. Il analyse les discours sur lesquels se fonde le concept de Nouvelle école mexicaine dans les orientations pour l’enseignement de l’histoire, ainsi que la correspondance avec les institutions officielles et le discours émanant du pouvoir exécutif fédéral. La catégorie théorique des usages politiques de l’histoire vient étayer ce travail. L’approche méthodologique sera axée sur une analyse historiographique de trois publications, émanant chacune de l’Institut national d’anthropologie et d’histoire, de l’Institut national d’études historiques sur les révolutions du Mexique et du Ministère de l’éducation publique. L’idée de mettre en contraste ces matériels vient à la fois de leur pertinence médiatique et de leur affectation à l’origine comme matériel d’appui aux futurs enseignants, pour les premiers, tandis que le second se réfère au manuel gratuit de l’enseignement primaire. Parmi les principales conclusions, on trouve que la présence d’auteurs qui, dans d’autres forums, se sont montrés critiques de la gestion de l’histoire para l’exécutif, ne coïncide pas avec l’endoctrinement que les médias ont qualifié ces publications. Il ressort de l’analyse que le discours officiel de l’exécutif a une intention plus politique que pédagogique et que ces nouvelles approches ne se reflètent pas encore dans les pratiques d’enseignement.

Abstract The present work has the objective of showing the pedagogic focus of the books of History of Mexico, edited by the federal government between 2019-2022. The discourse base which serves as a foundation for the “New Mexican School” is analyzed within the orientations for the teaching of history, as well as the correspondence of the official institutions and the discourse that emerges from the executive power. The theoretical category of political use of history forms the basis of this work. The methodological approach is centered around an analysis of three publications each one from the History and Anthropology National Institute, Historical Studies National Institute and the Ministry of Public Education respectively. The idea of contrasting these materials comes from its media relevance and because their original intention has been to support future teachers, that is the case of the former two and the last one is meant to be used as the official textbook for elementary education. Among the main findings we have that the presence of authors who have been critical to the use of history by the executive power in other forums, does not match the indoctrination that mass media communications have claimed in these publications. It is concluded, from the analysis done, that the official discourse of the Executive has a political intention rather than a pedagogical one and that these new approaches have not been reflected in teachers’ practice.

Streszczenie Niniejsze badanie ma na celu przedstawienie podejścia dydaktycznego podręczników z historii Meksyku wydanych przez rząd federalny w okresie 2019-2022. Analizuje ono dyskusje, na których opiera się koncepcja "Nueva Escuela Mexicana" (Nowa Meksykańska Szkoła) w ramach wytycznych dotyczących nauczania historii, a także ich zgodność z oficjalnymi instytucjami i dyskursem wydobywającym się z federalnego wykonawczego. Teoretyczna kategoria "polityczne wykorzystanie historii" jest wykorzystywana do poparcia tej pracy. Metodologia polega na historiograficznym analizie trzech publikacji, z których każda pochodzi z Narodowego Instytutu Antropologii i Historii, Narodowego Instytutu Badań Historycznych nad Rewolucjami Meksyku i Ministerstwa Edukacji Publicznej. Pomysł skontrastowania tych materiałów wynika zarówno z ich medialnej istotności, jak i z ich przeznaczenia jako materiałów wsparcia dla przyszłych nauczycieli w przypadku pierwszych, podczas gdy drugi odnosi się do darmowych podręczników do edukacji podstawowej. Wśród głównych ustaleń jest to, że obecność autorów, którzy wykazywali krytykę wobec sposobu traktowania historii przez rząd w innych miejscach, nie pokrywa się z indoktrynacją, którą media przypisują tym publikacjom. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy dochodzi się do wniosku, że oficjalny dyskurs władzy wykonawczej ma bardziej polityczny niż dydaktyczny zamiar, a te nowe podejścia nie znalazły jeszcze odzwierciedlenia w praktykach nauczania.

ABSTRACT The original two-order separating sieve has a good potato-soil separating ability, but it causes significant damage to potatoes while ensuring a high potato detection rate, which in turn affects the working effectiveness of the potato digger. Thus, it is necessary to improve the design of the original swing separation sieve with a two-order sieve surface to one with a three-order sieve surface to solve the contradiction between the potato detection and potato damage. On this basis, the movement characteristics of potatoes and the separation performance of the new sieve were experimentally investigated. The experiment was conducted in a test field in Wuchuan County using a completely randomized design in a single-factor scheme with three factors and five levels, with five crank speeds (140, 150, 180, 210 and 225 rpm), five machine forward speeds (1.41, 1.51, 1.70, 1.89 and 2.21 km h-1) and five boom-connecting rod length combinations (250-350-1,030, 250-370-1,040, 270-370-1,050, 290-370-1,060 and 310-370-1,070 mm). Each experiment was repeated three times at each level, and the average value was taken as the final result. The experimental results demonstrate that the new three-order separation sieve can ensure a high potato detection rate while maintaining a low potato skin breakage rate.

RESUMO A peneira de separação de duas ordens original tem uma boa capacidade de separação batata-solo, mas causa danos significativos às batatas ao mesmo tempo em que garante uma alta taxa de evidência de batatas, o que, por sua vez, afeta a eficácia do trabalho da escavadeira de batatas. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo aprimorar a peneira de separação de balanço original com uma superfície de peneira de duas ordens para uma nova peneira de separação com uma superfície de peneira de três ordens para resolver a contradição entre a taxa obvia de batatas e os danos às batatas na operação da peneira original. Com base nisso, as características de movimentação das batatas e o desempenho de separação da nova peneira foram investigados experimentalmente no campo. O experimento foi conduzido em um campo de teste no Condado de Wuchuan, utilizando um delineamento completamente aleatório em um esquema de fator único com três fatores e cinco níveis, com cinco velocidades de manivela (140, 150, 180, 210 e 225 rpm), cinco velocidades de avanço da máquina (1,41, 1,51, 1,70, 1,89 e 2,21 km h-1) e cinco combinações de comprimento da haste de ligação do braço (250-350-1.030, 250-370-1.040, 270-370-1.050, 290-370-1.060 e 310-370-1.070 mm). Cada experimento foi repetido três vezes em cada nível, e o valor médio foi considerado como o resultado final. Os resultados experimentais demonstram que a nova peneira de separação de três ordens pode garantir uma alta taxa de detecção de batatas enquanto mantém uma baixa taxa de danos à casca das batatas.

ABSTRACT In soybeans from different years, the infrared spectroscopy waveforms exhibit similarities, yet variations in aging time lead to significant differences in their fatty acid content. To rapidly discern the year of soybean production, this study employed ten feature extraction algorithms in conjunction with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to establish models for classifying soybeans from different years (2019, 2020, and 2021). The research findings reveal the following: (1) The CNN models, after feature extraction, all demonstrated improved accuracy. Notably, the optimal models for both powdered and granulated states were the Kpca-CNN models, achieving an accuracy of 100%. The corresponding loss function values were 0.0002 and 0.0007, with processing times of 0.19 seconds and 0.20 seconds, respectively. (2) The modeling results of all models suggest that the classification accuracy of soybean powder spectral data is higher compared to soybean particle spectral data. (3) Validation of the optimal Kpca-CNN model confirmed its consistent accuracy of 100% when introducing new data or reducing the size of the training dataset. In conclusion, the fusion of near-infrared spectroscopy analysis and CNN technology is considered an effective method for classifying soybeans from different years. This method provides a practical solution for the rapid and precise determination of seed production years.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to quantify the land use from the primary activities in terms of consumption in Mexico. To do this, we assign data on the land use for agriculture, livestock, productive forestry, and aquaculture to the primary economic activities represented in the 2018 input-output table. Also, the input-output model of land use is complemented with statistical information from the import matrix and the social accounting matrix of 2018. The results indicate that the land foot-print amounts to 61 745 416 hectares and 0.49 hectares per capita. This means that 73% of the land footprint is represented by land areas within our country and 27% by areas in other countries. The land demand derived from the consumption of the population in Mexico is greater than the land areas used in the production of primary activities. This study has two limitations: one referred to the assumptions of the input-output model and another, to the concept of land use. The originality and value of the article consist in analyzing the demand for land for food production in Mexico, which represents the greatest threat to the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and the ecological services that emanate from it.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es cuantificar el uso de suelo del sector primario en términos del consumo en México. Para ello, se asignan datos sobre áreas del uso de suelo para la producción agrícola, pecuaria, forestal y acuícola a las actividades económicas primarias representadas en la matriz de insumo-producto de 2018 del país. Además, el modelo de insumo-producto del uso de suelo se complementó con la información estadística proveniente de la Matriz de Importaciones y la Matriz de Contabilidad Social de 2018. Los resultados indican que la huella de suelo de la actividad del sector primario asciende a 61 745 416 hectáreas y 0.49 hectáreas per cápita. Esto implica que 73% de esta huella de suelo está representada por áreas dentro del país y 27% por áreas en otros países. La demanda derivada de suelo correspondiente al consumo de la población en México es mayor a las áreas de suelo empleadas en la producción doméstica de las actividades primarias. Este estudio tiene dos limitaciones: una referida a los supuestos del modelo de insumo-producto y otra, al concepto sobre el uso de suelo. La originalidad y el valor del artículo consisten en analizar la demanda de suelo para la producción de alimentos en México, la cual representa la mayor amenaza para la conservación de los ecosistemas terrestres y los servicios ecológicos que de ella emanan.

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía laparoscópica ginecológica permite intervenir a la paciente sin tener que abrir el abdomen, pues consiste en realizar pequeñas incisiones. Actualmente se emplea en enfermedades como el cáncer o en la extracción de quistes y miomas, por lo que se puede aplicar en casi cualquier intervención de cirugía ginecológica. Objetivo: Caracterizar los procedimientos laparoscópicos del Servicio de Ginecología en el Hospital Materno-Infantil Ángel Arturo Aballí en el período comprendido entre enero del 2018 y diciembre del 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte longitudinal con el fin de describir la actividad asistencial laparoscópica. La muestra fue de 180 pacientes, según el criterio de selección no probabilístico de los investigadores. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 41,6 años. Según los antecedentes, predominó el tamaño del útero con 91,1 % (n = 164). Dentro de las indicaciones quirúrgicas, se encontró la paridad satisfecha en un 34,4 %, seguido del tumor de ovario (18,9 %), las neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales (13,4 %) y el fibroma uterino sintomático. En cuanto a la cirugía mayor, se encontró la histerectomía abdominal laparoscópica en un 49,0 % (n = 78), seguido de la salpingectomía con un 38,9 %, resultados con significación desde el punto de vista estadístico (p = 0,004). En cuanto a la cirugía menor, el 11,6 % de la muestra recibió la ablación de los focos endometriales. Las complicaciones fueron escasas. Conclusiones: Los procederes laparoscópicos del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Materno-Infantil Ángel Arturo Aballí se consideraron adecuados de acuerdo a los indicadores quirúrgicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Laparoscopic gynecological surgery allows for the patient to undergo surgery without having to open their abdomen, since it consists in making small incisions. It is currently used in diseases such as cancer or in the removal of cysts and myomas; therefore, it can be applied in almost any gynecological surgery. Objective: To characterize the laparoscopic procedures of the gynecology service at Hospital Materno-Infantil Ángel Arturo Aballí, in the period from January 2018 to December 2021. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was carried out in order to describe the laparoscopic assistance activity. The sample consisted of 180 patients, according to the researchers’ nonprobabilistic selection criteria. Results: The mean age was 41.6 years. Concerning antecedents, uterine size predominated, with 91.1% (n = 164). Among surgical indications, satisfied parity was found in 34.4%, followed by ovarian tumor (18.9%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (13.4 %) and symptomatic uterine fibroid. With respect to major surgery, laparoscopic abdominal hysterectomy was found in 49.0 % (n = 78), followed by salpingectomy, with 38.9%; such results are statistically significant (p = 0.004). Regarding minor surgery, 11.6% of the sample received ablation of endometrial focuses. Complications were rare. Conclusions: The laparoscopic procedures of the gynecology service at Hospital Materno-Infantil Ángel Arturo Aballí are considered adequate according to the surgical indicators.

Abstratc: With the growing competitiveness in the hosting sector, several strategies have been used to conquer the consumer and maximize daily sales. Digital platforms are the most used means for companies to achieve this goal. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze how the perception of fair price of hosting media diaries on digital auction platforms can be influenced by the brand value of the destination and the respective involvement of the consumer by it. This descriptive study, of a quantitative nature, adopted the unique cross-section. In total, 416 respondents composed the sample, whose data were analyzed by the multiple linear regression technique and correlations between the variables. The results indicated that only relevance demonstrated a positive influence in relation to the perception of price justice. Thus, it was possible to verify that price is an element of great importance in the negotiation and not dependent on the personal relationship that the consumer has with the destination and the equipment that composes it, nor on its representativeness. Therefore, what prevails for the consumer is, on the negotiation, to get the biggest possible price reduction and, after that, to acquire the hotel's daily.

Resumen: Con la creciente competitividad en el sector hotelero, se han utilizado varias estrategias para ganarse al consumidor y maximizar las ventas de tarifas diarias. Las plataformas digitales son el medio más utilizado por las empresas para lograr este propósito. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo la percepción de la justicia de precios de las tarifas diarias de los medios de alojamiento, en las plataformas de subastas digitales, puede verse influenciada por el valor de marca del destino y el respectivo envolvimiento del consumidor por el mismo. Este estudio descriptivo, de naturaleza cuantitativa, adoptó la sección transversal única. En total, 416 encuestados componían la muestra, cuyos datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de regresión lineal múltiple y correlaciones entre las variables. Los resultados indicaron que sólo la relevancia demostró una influencia positiva en relación con la percepción de la justicia de precios. Así, se pudo comprobar que el precio es un elemento de gran importancia en la negociación y no depende de la relación personal que el consumidor tenga con el destino y con los equipos que lo componen, ni tan poco con su representatividad. Por lo tanto, lo que prevalece para el consumidor es, en la negociación, conseguir la mayor reducción de precio posible y, después, comprar la tarifa diaria del hotel.

Resumo: Com a crescente competitividade no setor de hospedagem, diversas estratégias têm sido utilizadas para conquistar o consumidor e maximizar as vendas de diárias. As plataformas digitais são os meios mais utilizados para que as empresas alcancem essa finalidade. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como a percepção de justiça de preço de diárias de meios de hospedagem, em plataformas de leilões digitais, pode ser influenciada pelo valor da marca do destino e o respectivo envolvimento do consumidor por ele. Este estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, adotou o corte transversal único. No total, 416 respondentes compuseram a amostra, cujos dados foram analisados pela técnica de regressão linear múltipla e correlações entre as variáveis. Os resultados indicaram que apenas a relevância demonstrou influência positiva em relação à percepção de justiça de preço. Assim, foi possível constatar que o preço é um elemento de grande importância na negociação e não dependente da relação pessoal que o consumidor tenha com o destino e com os equipamentos que o compõe, nem tão pouco com a representatividade do mesmo. Portanto, o que prevalece para o consumidor é, na negociação, conseguir a maior redução possível do preço e, após isso, adquirir a diária do hotel.

Resumen Introducción. La Región de las Altas Montañas (RAMVER) es la de mayor importancia productiva y socioeconómica para el cultivo del café del estado de Veracruz, México y una de las más representativas del sector a nivel nacional. Objetivo. Determinar la calidad de vida (CV) desde el punto de vista objetivo y subjetivo de los pequeños productores (PP) de café en la RAMVER, México. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicaron 150 entrevistas semiestructuradas a productores en once municipios ubicados en: Comapa, Coscomatepec, Huatusco, Ixhuatlán del café, Sochiapa, Tenampa, Tomatlán, Totutla, Tlaltetela, Tlacotepec y Zentla, durante el año 2020. Se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y medidas de tendencias central. Resultados. En el nivel objetivo, la CV se encontró baja, pero en el nivel subjetivo de los agricultores, se determinó como aceptable. En la valoración objetiva se identificó que los PP tienen educación mínima (primaria), el ingreso no es el adecuado (requieren realizar alguna actividad extra a la agrícola con un ingreso promedio anual neto de US $ 416 a US $1115); el costo de la salud se incrementó (por pandemia COVID-19) y se carece de una alimentación apropiada (19 a 25 comidas por mes). En la valoración subjetiva existe inseguridad y desconfianza con las autoridades gubernamentales, sin embargo, los productores se han adaptado a vivir en contextos socioeconómicos adversos, ya que valoran la vida en comunidad, las relaciones intrafamiliares y su entorno (la cafeticultura), esto pudiese estar influenciado por su propia cosmovisión. Conclusiones. Con o sin conocimiento sobre el concepto de calidad, los productores han desarrollado una capacidad aprendida o adquirida en lo individual y en lo colectivo para adaptarse al entorno. A nivel objetivo, la calidad de vida se consideró como baja, no obstante, los entrevistados tuvieron una percepción de satisfacción tanto en lo individual como en lo colectivo.

Abstract Introduction. The High Mountain Region (RHM) is the most productive and socioeconomic region for the coffee cultivation in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and one of the most representative of the sector at the national level. Objective. To determine the quality of life (QL) from the objective and subjective point of view of the small coffee producers (SP) in RHM, Mexico. Materials and methods. One hundred and fifty semi-structured interviews were applied to producers in eleven municipalities located in: Comapa, Coscomatepec, Huatusco, Ixhuatlán del café, Sochiapa, Tenampa, Tomatlán, Totutla, Tlaltetela, Tlacotepec, and Zentla, during 2020. Descriptive statistics and trend measurements were obtained. Results. At objective level the QL was found to be low, but at the farmers'subjective level, it was determined to be acceptable. In the objective assessment, it was identified that the SP have minimal education (primary), the income is not adequate (they require activities outside the farm with an average net annual income of US $ 416 to US $ 1115), the cost of health has increased (due to the COVID-19 pandemic), and proper nutrition is lacking (19 to 25 meals per month). In the subjective assessment there is insecurity and distrust with the government authorities, however, the producers have adapted to living in adverse socioeconomic contexts, since they value community life, intra-family relationships and their environment (coffee growing), which could be influenced by their own worldview. Conclusion. With or without knowledge of the concept of quality, producers have developed a learned or acquired capacity, both individually and collectively to adapt to the environment. Objectively, the quality of life is considered low, however, the interviewees had a perception of satisfaction both individually and collectively.

Abstract: In the context of my project to justify the ethical dimension of Hermeneutics, in this article I will propose answers to the central question around which Plato’s Filebo dialogue is articulated, namely, “what is the state and disposition of the soul (hexis kai diathesis)? that can grant men a happy life? Is it for knowledge, or for pleasure?” From the clues proposed in the dialogue, I will develop the notion of a good and happy life as a process and result of the correct mixture between knowledge and pleasure. Under the aegis of Gadamerian hermeneutics, taken as an ethical praxis, the objective is to substantiate the thesis that happiness is the result of the virtuous circularity between knowledge and pleasure as opposed to the vicious circularity that implements unhappiness, establishes a slave life that implies the personal, social and environmental destruction. I will do this by explaining, initially, the type of ontology and the rationality proper to dealing with the good and happy life combined with pleasure; this will make it possible to indicate clues of the appropriate alchemy - through dialogical-phronetic investigation - between knowledge and pleasure to establish a good and happy life. Finally, the original contribution of this reflection lies in proposing criteria to assess whether the mixture was well done by presenting the implications of the vicious circularity and corollaries of the virtuous circularity between knowledge and pleasure. I will show that vicious circularity fosters unhappiness, while virtuous circularity enables the creation of a good and happy life in individual and social terms, in addition to establishing a harmonious relationship and integration with the environment.

Resumo: No contexto do projeto do autor, no sentido de justificar a dimensão ética da Hermenêutica, neste artigo, propõem-se respostas à pergunta central em torno da qual se articula o diálogo Filebo de Platão, a saber, “qual o estado e a disposição da alma (hexis kai diathesis) que pode outorgar aos homens uma vida feliz? É pelo conhecimento, ou pelo prazer?”. A partir das pistas propostas no diálogo, será desenvolvida a noção de vida boa e feliz como processo e resultado da mistura correta entre o conhecimento e o prazer. Sob a égide da hermenêutica gadameriana, tomada enquanto práxis ética, objetiva-se fundamentar a tese de que a felicidade é fruto da circularidade virtuosa entre o conhecimento e o prazer, em contraposição à circularidade viciosa que implementa a infelicidade, instaura uma vida escrava, a qual implica a destruição pessoal, social e ambiental. Isso se fará, explicitando-se, inicialmente, o tipo de ontologia e a racionalidade própria para lidar com a vida boa e feliz conjugada com o prazer, possibilitando serem indicadas pistas da alquimia apropriada - mediante a apuração dialógico-phronética - entre o conhecimento e o prazer, para instaurar a vida boa e feliz. A contribuição original desta reflexão reside em propor critérios para aferir se a mistura foi bem feita, através da apresentação de implicações da circularidade viciosa e corolários da circularidade virtuosa entre o conhecimento e o prazer. Mostrar-se-á que a circularidade viciosa fomenta a infelicidade, ao passo que a virtuosa faculta a criação de uma vida boa e feliz, em termos individuais, sociais, além de instaurar uma relação harmônica e de integração com o meio ambiente.

Abstract Background Hypertrophic scar (HS), a fibroproliferative disorder caused by aberrant wound healing following skin injuries such as burns, lacerations and surgery, is characterized by invasive proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The dysregulation of autophagy is the pathological basis of HS formation. Previously, angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) was found to be overexpressed in HS fibroblasts (HSFs) compared with normal skin fibroblasts. However, whether ANGPT2 participates in the process of HS formation and the potential molecular mechanisms are not clear. Objective This study is intended to figure out the role of ANGPT2 and ANGPT2-mediated autophagy during the development of HS. Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect ANGPT2 expression in HS tissues and HSFs. HSFs were transfected with sh-ANGPT2 to knock down ANGPT2 expression and then treated with MHT1485, the mTOR agonist. The effects of sh-ANGPT2 or MHT1485 on the proliferation, migration, autophagy and ECM accumulation of HSFs were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and western blotting. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related molecules (p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR) was assessed by western blotting. Results ANGPT2 expression was markedly upregulated in HS tissues and HSFs. ANGPT2 knockdown decreased the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. ANGPT2 knockdown activated autophagy and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation of HSFs. Additionally, the treatment of MHT1485, the mTOR agonist, on ANGPT2-downregulated HSFs, partially reversed the influence of ANGPT2 knockdown on HSFs. Study limitations The study lacks the establishment of more stable in vivo animal models of HS for investigating the effects of ANGPT2 on HS formation in experimental animals. Conclusions ANGPT2 downregulation represses growth, migration, and ECM accumulation of HSFs via autophagy activation by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our study provides a novel potential therapeutic target for HS.

Resumo Avaliamos os efeitos de diferentes alimentos para peixes em relação à composição corporal, crescimento e atividades enzimáticas de Labeo rohita (Rohu). No total, foram estudados 240 peixes com pesos médios de 24,77 ± 2,15 g. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos de 60 peixes cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro alimentos diferentes para peixes: Oryza (T1), AMG (T2), Aqua (T3) e Supreme (T4). Foram avaliados a composição corporal, o desempenho de crescimento e as atividades enzimáticas. Houve uma variação significativa no desempenho dos peixes alimentados com diferentes tipos de ração. Peixes com alimentação Oryza apresentaram maior ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico (SGR) e melhor taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR) em comparação com outros grupos que foram considerados significativos (P ≤ 0,05). Elevado ganho de peso líquido foi obtido em T4 quando comparado com T2 e T3. O valor da FCR de T4 foi menor que T1, mas maior que T2 e T3, que apresentaram os menores valores. A taxa de crescimento específico foi registrada como média em T4, mas T2 teve uma SGR alta do que T3. Da mesma forma, o nível de proteína bruta e a atividade das enzimas digestivas foram registrados significativamente mais altos nos peixes alimentados com Oryza (T1) em comparação com AMG (T2), Aqua (T3) e Supreme (T4). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água foram registrados como significativos em todos os tratamentos, exceto pH e OD do tratamento (T1), significativamente diferente dos demais tratamentos. Concluiu-se que Rohu (Labeo rohita) pode apresentar uma taxa de crescimento promissora e atividade da enzima protease quando alimentado com Oryza de 25% de proteína.

Abstract We have evaluated the effects of different fish feeds on the body composition, growth, and enzyme activities of Labeo rohita (Rohu). In total, 240 fishes between the average weights of 24.77±2.15g were studied. The treatments were applied in a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments of 60 fishes each. Treatments consisted of four different fish feeds [Oryza (T1), AMG (T2), Aqua (T3), and Supreme (T4)]. Body composition, growth performance, and enzyme activities were evaluated. There was a significant variation in performance of fishes fed with different type of feed; as fishes having Oryza feed showed the highest weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and best feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared to other groups that were considered to be significant (P ≤ 0.05). High net weight gain was obtained in T4 when compared with T2 and T3. FCR value of T4 was less than T1 but higher than T2, T3 and T2, which showed the lowest values. The specific growth rate was recorded as average in T4, but T2 led a high SGR than T3. Similarly, crude protein level and digestive enzymes activity was recorded significantly highest in fed with Oryza (T1) as compared to AMG (T2), Aqua (T3), and Supreme (T4). Water quality parameters were recorded significant in all treatments except pH and DO of treatment (T1), significantly different from other treatments. It was concluded that Rohu (Labeo rohita) could show a promising growth rate and protease enzyme activity when fed with the Oryza feed of 25% protein.

Abstract A chitosan-based edible coating was prepared by incorporating γ-polyglutamic acid and curcumin. The physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating were characterized. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating on the shelf-life of fresh beef was investigated. The γ-polyglutamic acid and curcumin incorporation greatly improved the performance of chitosan coating, including coating formation and antimicrobial activity. After the application of coating, the chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/curcumin edible coating had a good protection effect on the color of beef and was conducive to prolonging the shelf life of beef with good quality compared to pure curcumin edible coating. These results revealed that application of chitosan/γ-polyglutamic acid/ curcumin edible coating will be a good way to preserve freshness of fresh beef.

RESUMO Introdução Díspares ao desenvolvimento da sociedade, os índices de saúde nos estudantes universitários chineses apresentam uma queda acentuada nos últimos anos. A preocupação governamental sobre esse recente desafio tem incentivado pesquisas para soluções práticas, incluindo protocolos de atividades físicas otimizados. Objetivo Explorar os efeitos da intervenção por exercícios físicos na saúde dos estudantes universitários chineses. Métodos Universitários de período integral (80 homens e 55 mulheres) foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Antes e depois do experimento, foi testada a escala de composição corporal e experiência de exercício dos universitários, com foco na relação entre prescrição de exercício e mudanças nos indicadores de saúde física e mental. Resultados O percentual de gordura corporal de estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino diminuiu significativamente após o experimento. Após 8 semanas de experimento de prescrição de exercícios, o peso de estudantes universitários do sexo masculino e feminino foi controlado ou reduzido. A prescrição de exercícios sugerida alcançou um bom efeito moderador no peso dos voluntários. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos, indicando que o experimento teve efeito benéfico sobre a capacidade vital (p<0,01). Conclusão A prescrição de exercícios sugerida demonstrou-se viável para orientar e intervir no exercício físico dos universitários visando um impacto benéfico sobre a saúde física nos universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Disparate to the development of society, health indices in Chinese college students have shown a pronounced decline in recent years. Government concern over this recent challenge has encouraged research for practical solutions, including optimized physical activity protocols. Objective Explore the effects of an exercise intervention on the health of Chinese university students. Methods Full-time university students (80 males and 55 females) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Before and after the experiment, the college students’ body composition scale and exercise experience were tested, focusing on the relationship between exercise prescription and changes in physical and mental health indicators. Results The body fat percentage of male and female students decreased significantly after the experiment. After eight weeks of the exercise prescription experiment, the weight of male and female college students was controlled or reduced. The suggested exercise prescription achieved a good moderating effect on the weight of the volunteers. There was a significant difference between the two groups, indicating that the experiment had a beneficial effect on vital capacity (p<0.01). Conclusion The suggested exercise prescription proved to be feasible to guide and intervene in the physical exercise of college students aiming at a beneficial impact on the physical health of college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción A diferencia del desarrollo de la sociedad, los índices de salud de los estudiantes universitarios chinos muestran un fuerte descenso en los últimos años. La preocupación de los gobiernos por este reciente desafío ha fomentado la investigación de soluciones prácticas, entre ellas la optimización de los protocolos de actividad física. Objetivo Explorar los efectos de la intervención de ejercicio en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios chinos. Métodos Se seleccionaron estudiantes universitarios a tiempo completo (80 hombres y 55 mujeres) y se asignaron al azar en dos grupos. Antes y después del experimento, se analizó la escala de composición corporal de los estudiantes universitarios y su experiencia con el ejercicio, centrándose en la relación entre la prescripción de ejercicio y los cambios en los indicadores de salud física y mental. Resultados El porcentaje de grasa corporal de los estudiantes masculinos y femeninos disminuyó significativamente después del experimento. Tras 8 semanas del experimento de prescripción de ejercicio, el peso de los estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos se controló o redujo. La prescripción de ejercicio sugerida logró un buen efecto moderador en el peso de los voluntarios. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos, lo que indica que el experimento tuvo un efecto beneficioso sobre la capacidad vital (p<0,01). Conclusión La prescripción de ejercicio sugerida demostró ser factible para guiar e intervenir en el ejercicio físico de los estudiantes universitarios apuntando a un impacto beneficioso en la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.