Resumen La odontología implica riesgos y requiere de medidas de bioseguridad. Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, el riesgo biológico se acentúa porque su transmisión puede ser a través de tos, estornudo, por inhalación de gotitas y a través de los aerosoles que se generan en los procedimientos odontológicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer el protocolo de bioseguridad que asumirá la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo en el contexto del COVID-19. La investigación tuvo un diseño documental basada en los principios de las revisiones de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas en, PubMed, SciELO y LILACS, Google Académico, SemanticScholar, tanto en inglés, español y portugués. Como resultados la revisión bibliográfica permitió ponerse al tanto de la discusión, por parte de instituciones académicas, gremiales y gubernamentales, en materia de protocolos de bioseguridad que permitan darle continuidad a la educación odontológica en medio de la situación generada por la pandemia por COVID-19. Como conclusión se establece que pudo elaborarse un protocolo de bioseguridad para la atención de los pacientes en las clínicas de la Carrera de Odontología que incluye un interrogatorio previo para descartar signos y síntomas relacionados con COVID-19 y las acciones a realizar antes, durante y después del tratamiento.

Abstract Dentistry involves risks and requires biosafety measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the biological risk is accentuated because its transmission can be through coughing, sneezing, by inhaling droplets and through the aerosols generated in dental procedures. This work proposes the biosafety protocol that the Dentistry Career of the San Gregorio de Portoviejo University will assume in the context of COVID-19. The research had a documentary design based on the principles of literature reviews. Searches were made on PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, Google Scholar, SemanticScholar, both in English, Spanish and Portuguese. As a result, the bibliographic review allowed to become aware of the discussion, on the part of academic, union and governmental institutions, in biosafety protocols that allow to give continuity to dental education in the midst of the situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, it is established that a biosafety protocol could be developed for the care of patients in the clinics of the Dentistry Career that includes a prior questioning to rule out signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 and the actions to be taken before, during and after of the treatment.

Resumen En el contexto de la pandemia por la Covid-19, causada por el virus Sars-CoV2 se demostró que la odontología es una de las profesiones que presenta mayor riesgo de contagio por la proximidad con pacientes sintomáticos y asintomáticos. Este virus no afecta únicamente a los grupos vulnerables o personas con discapacidades, sino también a los niños y las niñas, en los cuales las manifestaciones clínicas de esta infección suelen ser de leve a moderada. El presente trabajo es el resultado de una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en los idiomas español, inglés, portugués, en su mayoría de los dos últimos años. Se exploró en las bases de datos PubMed y Scielo a más del metabuscador Google Académico, también se visitaron paginas oficiales del área de la salud, entre ellas la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Asociación Latinoamericana de Odontopediatría. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar aspectos relevantes sobre el manejo odontopediátrico en pacientes con discapacidad frente al desafío de la Covid-19. Se concluye que, se incrementaron las recomendaciones de la consulta odontopediátrica, así como las normas de bioseguridad en cada uno de los protocolos de los países latinoamericanos.

Abstract In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the Sars-CoV2 virus, dentistry was shown to be one of the professions with the highest risk of infection due to proximity to symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. This virus affects not only vulnerable groups or people with disabilities, but also children, in whom the clinical manifestations of this infection tend to be mild to moderate. This work is the result of a bibliographic search of articles in the Spanish, English and Portuguese languages, mostly from the last two years. More than the Google Academic metasearch engine was explored in the PubMed and Scielo databases, and official health pages were also visited, including the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Latin American Association of Pediatric Dentistry. The objective of this paper is to identify relevant aspects on the management of odontopediatric in patients with disabilities in the face of the challenge of Covid-19. It is concluded that, the recommendations of the consultation were increased, as well as biosecurity standards in each of the protocols of Latin American countries.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, a través de un relato de experiencia, describir la planificación, ejecución y desarrollo de conceptos relacionados con materias ya impartidas en la carrera de Odontología, utilizando como metodología de enseñanza el TBL. En un primer momento, en un ambiente de aula, los estudiantes respondieron individualmente preguntas seleccionadas por los profesores de pruebas anteriores de ENADE. Todas las preguntas escogidas tenían un carácter clínico e interdisciplinario. Luego de la corrección preliminar de los docentes, sin revelar los resultados, los estudiantes se dividieron en pequeños grupos para debatir cada una de las preguntas y respuestas elegidas, llegando a un consenso para la presentación de una sola respuesta por parte del grupo. La interpretación de los resultados, así como la comparación de puntuaciones grupales e individuales, permitió inferir que el TBL fue de gran utilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje y en la evaluación de la formación académica. Los estudiantes ejercitaron sus habilidades de comunicación, argumentación y persuasión, mejorando su interacción con sus pares, con los docentes y su desempeño personal. Docentes y alumnos pudieron interactuar de manera lúdica, además de comprender el nivel de asimilación de los contenidos previos y su posible aplicación en la materia a estudiar. La comprensión de los profesores sobre el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes facilitó la selección de los pacientes a ser tratados, asegurando la excelencia técnica y la satisfacción de toda la cadena de prestación de servicios.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, por meio de um relato de experiência, descrever o planejamento, a execução e o desenvolvimento de conceitos relativos a disciplinas já ministradas no curso de Odontologia, utilizando o TBL como metodologia de ensino. Em um primeiro momento, no cenário de uma sala de aula, os estudantes respondiam individualmente questões selecionadas pelos docentes de provas anteriores do ENADE. Todas as questões escolhidas tinham cunho clínico e interdisciplinar. Após a correção preliminar dos professores, sem divulgação dos resultados, os alunos eram divididos em pequenos grupos, para debater cada uma das questões e respostas que eles elegiam, entrando em consenso para a apresentação de uma única resposta do grupo. A interpretação dos resultados, bem como a comparação das pontuações em grupo e individuais, permitiu inferir que o TBL foi bastante útil ao processo de aprendizagem e na avaliação da formação dos acadêmicos. Os estudantes exercitaram suas habilidades de comunicação, argumentação e convencimento, melhorando sua interação entre pares, com os docentes e desempenho pessoal. Os docentes e discentes conseguiram interagir de forma lúdica, além de entender o nível de assimilação dos conteúdos prévios e sua possível aplicação na disciplina a ser cursada. O entendimento dos professores do grau de conhecimento dos alunos facilitou a seleção dos pacientes a serem atendidos, garantindo excelência técnica e satisfação de toda a cadeia de prestação de serviços

The present work aims, through an experience report, to describe the planning, execution and development of concepts related to subjects already taught in the Dentistry course, using TBL as a teaching methodology. At first, in a classroom setting, students individually answered questions selected by the professors of previous ENADE tests. All questions chosen had a clinical and interdisciplinary nature. After preliminary correction by teachers, without disclosing the results, students were divided into small groups to debate each of the questions and answers they chose, reaching consensus for the presentation of a single answer by the group. The interpretation of the results, as well as the comparison of group and individual scores, allowed us to infer that the TBL was very useful in the learning process and in the assessment of academic training. Students exercised their communication, argumentation and persuasion skills, improving their interaction with peers, with teachers and personal performance. Teachers and students were able to interact in a playful way, in addition to understanding the level of assimilation of previous content and its possible application in the subject to be studied. The teachers' understanding of the students' level of knowledge facilitated patients selection to be treated, ensuring technical excellence and satisfaction of the entire service delivery chain.

ABSTRACT Dental care requires compliance with all legal regulations regarding the care protocol, since both the professional and the patient must be protected anticipating any conflict that may arise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about duties and obligations in dental practice in Paraguay. The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, with a total sample of 100 dentists from the Rigoberto Caballero Central Police Hospital. The questionnaire had 20 questions of which 4 were about knowledge on sociodemographic and academic characteristics, 13 on duties and obligations in dental practice, 1 on training received on legislation, 1 on compliance with tax obligations and 1 on barriers used for protection againts X-ray. The level of knowledge was classified considering the percentage of correct answers: insufficient (<60%) and sufficient (≥60%). Eighty percent of those surveyed were female with an average age of 40 years. The level of general knowledge about duties and obligations that govern dental practice was sufficient in 71% of the surveyed dentists. No significant differences were found between the level of knowledge according to university (p = 0.21) and year of graduation (p = 0.34). The level of knowledge about duties and obligations that govern dental practice in Paraguay was sufficient, however, some specific aspects such as tax knowledge, documentations that govern the laws, receipt of commissions and notifications of communicable diseases must be even more explored, studied and disseminated.

RESUMEN La atención odontológica requiere del cumplimiento de todas las normas legales referente al protocolo de atención, ya que tanto el profesional como el paciente deben estar protegidos previendo cualquier conflicto que pudiera surgir. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre deberes y obligaciones en la práctica odontológica en el Paraguay. El estudio fue observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra total de 100 odontólogos del Hospital Central de Policía Rigoberto Caballero. El cuestionario constó de 20 preguntas de las cuales 4 fueron sobre características sociodemográficas y académicas, 13 preguntas de conocimiento sobre deberes y obligaciones en la práctica odontológica, 1 sobre capacitación recibida en legislación, 1 sobre cumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias y 1 sobre barreras de protección usadas contra rayos X. El nivel de conocimiento fue clasificado teniendo en cuenta el porcentaje de respuestas correctas: insuficiente (<60%) y suficiente (≥60%). Ochenta por ciento de los encuestados fueron del sexo femenino con edad promedio de 40 años. El nivel de conocimiento general sobre deberes y obligaciones que rigen la práctica odontológica fue suficiente en el 71% de los odontólogos encuestados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el nivel de conocimiento según la universidad (p=0,21) y año de egreso (p=0,34). El nivel de conocimiento sobre deberes y obligaciones que rigen la práctica odontológica en el Paraguay fue suficiente, sin embargo, algunos aspectos específicos como conocimiento tributario, documentaciones que rigen las leyes, recibo de comisiones y notificaciones de enfermedades transmisibles deben ser todavía más explorados, estudiados y difundidos.

ABSTRACT The position a mandibular third molar can adopt is unpredictable in most cases. To facilitate the analysis of the position and inclination of third molars, authors such as Pell-Gregory and Winter established a classification of these teeth to guide the most appropriate surgical technique for each situation. The objective was to determine the frequency of the position, inclination and degree of surgical difficulty in mandibular third molars. The study was descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational. Panoramic radiographs of patients who attended the School of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion between 2018 and 2020 were part of the study. A total of 220 panoramic radiographs were included in the study, 120 (54.5%) corresponded to women and 100 (45.4%) to men, the age group from 18 to 28 years old had the most participation with 134 (61%) radiographs. A frequency in position A class II of 141 (36.6%) was evidenced, while in terms of the inclination the mesioangular was the most frequent, 174 (45.5%) and in terms of the degree of surgical difficulty, minimal to moderate difficulty was observed. A high frequency of position A class II, mesial inclination was evidenced in all the radiographs analyzed.

RESUMEN La disposición que puede adoptar un tercer molar mandibular resulta en la mayoría de los casos impredecible. Para facilitar el análisis de la posición e inclinación de los terceros molares autores como Pell-Gregory y Winter, establecieron una clasificación de esas piezas dentarias para guiar la técnica operatoria más adecuada para cada situación. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de la posición, inclinación y grado de dificultad quirúrgica en terceros molares mandibulares. El estudio fue observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Formaron parte del estudio radiografías panorámicas de pacientes que acudieron a la Facultad de Odontología UNA entre el 2018 y 2020. Un total de 220 radiografías panorámicas fueron incluidas en el estudio, 120 (54,5%) correspondían al sexo femenino y 100 (45,4%) al sexo masculino, la franja etaria de 18 a 28 años fue la de más participación con 134 (61%) radiografías. Se evidenció una frecuencia en la posición A clase II de 141 (36,6%), en cuanto a la inclinación de las piezas dentarias, la más frecuente fue la mesioangular 174 (45,5%) y en cuanto al grado de dificultad quirúrgica se observó una dificultad mínima a moderada. Se evidenció una frecuencia alta de la posición A clase II e inclinación mesial del total de las radiografías analizadas.

RESUMEN: El Síndrome de Down es una condición genética que se identifica por la presencia de un grado variable de discapacidad cognitiva, rasgos y características físicas singulares, que también repercuten a nivel estomatognático. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es reflejar los desafíos terapéuticos que podemos enfrentar para lograr un tratamiento integral en estos pacientes. Madre de paciente consulta por apiñamiento dentario. Presenta enfermedades sistémicas asociadas al Síndrome de Down, alteraciones sensoriales, gingivitis generalizada, lesiones de caries, anomalías dentomaxilares y fibroma traumático en flanco lingual. El tratamiento incluyó adaptación a la atención odontológica, odontología preventiva y restauradora, periodoncia y ortodoncia. Luego de 25 meses de tratamiento, se logró el alta integral, debiendo modificar los objetivos del tratamiento y el manejo terapéutico ortodóncico en diversas ocasiones. Es posible realizar tratamientos integrales en pacientes con Síndrome de Down, considerando una buena adaptación, objetivos alcanzables y trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario.

ABSTRACT: Down Syndrome is a genetic condition identified by the presence of a variable degree of cognitive disability and unique physical characteristics and traits, which also have an impact on the stomatognathic system. The aim of this case report is to report the therapeutic challenges that we can face to achieve a comprehensive treatment. Patient’s mothers consult for dental crowding. The patient presents systemic diseases associated with Down Syndrome, sensory anomalies, generalized gingivitis, dental caries lesions, maxillary dental anomalies, and traumatic fibroma in the tongue. The treatment included adaptation to dental care, preventive and restorative dentistry, periodontics and orthodontics. After 25 months of treatment, comprehensive discharge was achieved, with modifications in the treatment objectives and orthodontic therapeutic management in several occasions. Comprehensive treatment in patients with Down Syndrome is possible, considering a good adaptation to the treatment, achievable objectives and multidisciplinary teamwork.

RESUMEN: La caries dental afecta alrededor del 70% de los niños y en Latinoamérica este problema es aún más complejo, dadas las barreras socioeconómicas y culturales que dificultan el acceso a la salud bucal, con grandes inequidades. Durante el año 2019, un panel de expertos de la Organización Europea para la Investigación en Caries (ORCA), la Federación Europea de Odontología Conservadora (EFCD) y la Federación Alemana de Odontología Conservadora (DGZ) elaboraron revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y consensuaron recomendaciones basadas en evidencia destinadas a dentistas, mediante un taller en Berlín, Alemania, seguido de un trabajo de consenso mediante metodología e-Delphi. El propósito de este artículo es presentar las principales conclusiones del consenso adaptadas idiomáticamente al español y al contexto de Latinoamérica para permitir una mejor difusión del conocimiento generado y su aplicación en la práctica clínica. El artículo proporciona evidencia y recomendaciones clínicas para las intervenciones preventivas, no invasivas, microinvasivas, mínimamente invasivas e invasivas mejor sustentadas por la ciencia para el manejo de la enfermedad de caries y de las lesiones de caries en niños, con énfasis en la caries de la infancia temprana (CIT), dientes primarios y superficies oclusales de dientes permanentes.

ABSTRACT: Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease in the world, affecting around 70% of children and posing a challenge for public health. Given the socioeconomic, cultural barriers and great inequalities that hinder access to oral health, in Latin America this problem is even more complex. During 2019, a panel of experts from the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA), the European Federation for Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) and the German Federation for Conservative Dentistry (DGZ) prepared systematic reviews of the literature to reach consensus and generate evidence-based recommendations for dentists on how to manage caries in children. In a workshop in Berlin, Germany, followed by an e-Delphi methodology the experts published the consensus. The purpose of this article is to present the main conclusions of the consensus adapted idiomatically to Spanish and to the Latin American context to allow a better dissemination of the knowledge generated and facilitate its application in clinical practice. The article provides evidence and clinical recommendations for the best science-supported preventive, non-invasive, micro-invasive, minimally invasive, and invasive interventions for the management of caries disease and caries lesions in children, with an emphasis on early childhood caries (ECC), primary teeth and occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth.

RESUMEN: En los hospitales públicos chilenos, los pacientes desdentados mandibulares pueden ser tratados con una Sobredentadura-Mucosoportada, Implanto-Retenida (SMIR). Para tal fin, se adaptaron los lineamientos del plan piloto “Programa de Prestaciones Valoradas. Odontología 2012 Ministerio de Salud”, en ausencia de una Guía Ministerial. El objetivo de esta serie de casos fue evaluar si la implementación y adaptación del plan piloto del tratamiento con SMIR mejoró la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se evaluaron sobrevida, éxito implantario, e impacto en la calidad de vida. Los resultados indican una sobrevida y éxito implantario del 100% y una mejora de la calidad de vida. Conclusión: el tratamiento con SMIR mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes, en el servicio público.

ABSTRACT: In Chilean public hospitals, patients with Complete Edentulous Mandible are treated with Implant-Retained and Mucosa-supported Overdenture (IRMO). For this purpose, the guidelines of the pilot plan “Valued Benefits Program in Dentistry 2012, Ministry of Health” have been adapted. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these adapted protocols have been successful. We measured implant survival and success, and impact on quality of life with OHIP-14 criteria. Results indicate 100% implant survival and success and improved quality of life. Conclusion: IRMO improves patients’ quality of life in public services.

Abstract Introduction: Academic dropout in college students could be associated with family functionality, which could also negatively impact their academic performance. Objective: To describe the relationship between sociodemographic and family characteristics with family functionality, friend support, and academic performance in Odontology students from a public university in the city of Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 438 students. A survey-type instrument was used to obtain information regarding sociodemographic variables as well as family and home characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with a Pearson’s Chi square test. Results: A statistically significant relationship was observed between students’ age and family functionality (p=0.0029). Likewise, a significant relationship was found between the origin of the students and friend support (p=0.0230), as well as between low education level and family functionality (p=0.0018). Conclusions: The identification of factors related to family functionality and friend support can contribute to determining important aspects to be considered for the design and implementation of academic interventions focused on Odontology students.

Resumen Introducción: Los factores relacionados con la funcionalidad familiar en estudiantes universitarios podrían asociarse con la deserción académica e impactar de manera negativa sobre el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Describir las relaciones entre las características sociodemográficas y familiares, con la funcionalidad familiar, el soporte de amigos y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de odontología de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Cartagena. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, con una muestra de 438 estudiantes. Se utilizó un instrumento tipo encuesta sobre variables sociodemográficas, características familiares y de la vivienda. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariados con la prueba Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad y la funcionalidad familiar (p=0,0029). Asimismo, se obtuvo una relación significativa entre la procedencia y el soporte de amigos (p=0,0230), así como entre la baja escolaridad y la funcionalidad familiar (p=0,0018). Conclusiones: La identificación de los factores que se relacionan con la funcionalidad familiar y el soporte de amigos pueden contribuir a determinar qué aspectos deben considerarse para el diseño e implementación de intervenciones académicas dirigidas a estudiantes del programa.

Introducción: La procrastinación académica puede repercutir negativamente en la formación estudiantil y el desempeño profesional, de allí la necesidad de contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para su estudio. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de una escala de procrastinación académica en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología. Métodos: Estudio instrumental, transversal y multicéntrico, que incluyó estudiantes de siete universidades cubanas. A partir de un instrumento en español validado en estudiantes peruanos, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se utilizó el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales y se calculó la consistencia interna con el coeficiente α denbsp;Cronbach. Resultados: Se incluyó a 684 participantes, de los cuales el 63,45 % fueron mujeres y la media de la edad fue 22,0 ± 1,71 años. De la escala inicial de 12 ítems distribuidos en 2 factores, el análisis factorial sugirió eliminar el ítem 5. El modelo final quedó conformado por 11 ítems, 8 para el factor 1 (Autorregulación académica) y 3 para el factor 2 (Postergación de actividades). Se obtuvo un coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0,786 (IC 95 % = 0,75 – 0,81), lo cual indica que la consistencia interna del instrumento es buena. Conclusiones: Se validó una escala de procrastinación académica de 11 ítems (EPA-11-Odonto), la cual posee evidencias de validez y confiabilidad adecuadas para evaluar el constructo en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología.

Introduction: Academic procrastination can have a negative impact on student education and professional performance, hence the need for valid and reliable instruments for its study. Objective: To analyze the evidence of validity and reliability of an academic procrastination scale in Cuban dental students. Methods: Instrumental, cross-sectional and multicenter study, which included students from seven Cuban universities. Using an instrument in Spanish validated in Peruvian students, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed, structural equation modeling was used, and internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's α coefficient. Results: 684 participants were included, of which 63,45 % were women and the mean age was 22,0 ± 1,71 years. From the initial scale of 12 items distributed in 2 factors, the factor analysis suggested eliminating item 5. The final model was made up of 11 items, 8 for factor 1 (Academic self-regulation) and 3 for factor 2 (Postponement of activities). A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0,786 (95 % CI = 0,75 – 0,81) was obtained, which indicates that the internal consistency of the instrument is good. Conclusions: An 11-item academic procrastination scale was validated (EPA-11-Odonto), which has evidence of validity and adequate reliability to evaluate the construct in Cuban dental students.

RESUMEN La rizartrosis trapeciometacarpal puede afectar el trabajo de los dentistas y es importante su conocimiento para su prevención y tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubmedMedline y biblioteca Cochrane. Artículos publicados en español y en inglés sobre prevención y tratamiento de la rizartrosis del dedo pulgar. Resultados y discusión: Se proponen una serie de medidas para frenar la rizartrosis y mejorar la calidad de vida. Hay un tratamiento conservador y un tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusión: Los movimientos repetitivos y en muchas ocasiones haciendo fuerza que realizan los dentistas pueden conducir a rizartrosis, sobre todo en mujeres.

ABSTRACT Trapeziometacarpal rhizarthrosis can affect the work of dentists and it is important its knowledge for prevention and treatment. Material and Methods: The following electronic databases have been searched: Pubmed Medline and the Cochrane Library Plus. Articles published in Spanish and English about prevention and treatment of thumb rhizarthrosis. Results and discussion: A series of measures are proposed to stop rhizarthrosis and improve quality of life. There is a conservative treatment and a surgical treatment. Conclusions: The repetitive movements and in many cases using force that dentists perform can lead to rhizarthrosis, especially in women.

ABSTRACT Purpose to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). Conclusion the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a prevalência de maloclusões e seus fatores associados em crianças atendidas em um Serviço de APS de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Método estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte, realizado em 12 Unidades de Saúde. Das 414 crianças da coorte examinadas, 268 foram examinadas para maloclusão. A presença de mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior e anterior foi avaliada pelos critérios de Foster e Hamilton. Variáveis socioeconômicas, hábitos de amamentação e informações sobre o uso de chupeta foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados do total de 268 avaliados, 135 (50,4%) eram meninos e a média de idade foi de 28,6 (± 11,9) meses. Dos 143 (53,4%) casos de maloclusão, 113 eram mordida aberta anterior, 16 eram mordida cruzada anterior, 27 eram mordida cruzada posterior e 38 tinham overjet acentuado. Na análise final, observou-se que houve maior prevalência de maloclusões em crianças que nunca foram amamentadas (RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,00-2,08) e que sempre usaram chupeta para dormir (RP = 1,81; IC95% 1,14 -2,86). Conclusão a prevalência de maloclusões nesta população foi elevada e esteve associada a hábitos comportamentais, como o uso de chupeta e a não amamentação.

Abstract Objective: To describe Brazilian health professionals’ perception about the Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) method use for complementary feeding. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study including 458 health professionals graduated in Nursing, Speech Therapy, Medicine, Nutrition or Dentistry and working in Pediatrics, being directly or indirectly involved with pediatric nutrition. We used a convenience non-probability sampling. The questionnaire applied to participants addressed demographic characteristics, academic degree, workplace, knowledge about clinical practice and perceptions about the possible advantages of the BLW method. Results: Participants had a mean age of 34.5±8.5 years, 64.6% of them working in Southeast Brazil and 65.3% being nutritionists. Most participants reported being acquainted with the BLW method (82.0%). Regarding clinical practice, 38.3% mentioned having recommended the BLW some times, 37.5% often and 20.5% always. Most participants fully agreed that the BLW method could have advantages for babies, for example, having them more likely to share family meals, facilitating adaptation to food flavors and consistencies, enhancing chewing and favoring the development of motor skills. On the other hand, important disagreements were also expressed regarding the BLW convenience and the possibility to create less concerns or anxiety in parents. Conclusions: The BLW method reported as advantageous, but disagreements were also raised, probably because scientific evidences on the suject are scarse. Further investigation is needed so we can better understand the risks and benefits and health care professionals can feel effectively assisted to offer support and advice to parents and caretakers.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as percepções de profissionais de saúde brasileiros acerca do método baby-led weaning (BLW) para alimentação complementar. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal conduzido com 458 profissionais de saúde graduados em Enfermagem, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição ou Odontologia e que atuavam em pediatria, estando direta ou indiretamente envolvidos com nutrição infantil. A amostragem foi não probabilística, de conveniência. O questionário englobou características demográficas, titulação e local de trabalho dos participantes, além do conhecimento, da prática clínica e das percepções sobre possíveis vantagens do BLW. Resultados: Os profissionais de saúde tinham idade média de 34,5±8,5 anos, 64,6% atuavam no sudeste do Brasil e 65,3% eram nutricionistas. A maioria relatou conhecer o BLW (82,1%). Quanto à prática clínica, 38,3% mencionaram que costumavam recomendar o BLW às vezes, 37,5%, frequentemente, e 20,5%, sempre. Grande parte declarou que concordava totalmente que o método poderia trazer vantagens, tornando os bebês mais propensos a compartilharem refeições em família, facilitando a adaptação aos sabores e às consistências dos alimentos, potencializando a mastigação e favorecendo o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras, porém manifestaram-se discordâncias importantes em relação à comodidade/conveniência e ao argumento de gerar menos preocupação ou ansiedade para os pais/cuidadores. Conclusões: Em geral, o BLW foi relatado como vantajoso, mas foram evidenciadas discordâncias, que são um provável reflexo da escassez de evidências científicas factuais sobre essa temática. São necessários mais estudos, para a melhor compressão de seus riscos e benefícios. Só assim os profissionais de saúde se sentirão efetivamente respaldados para fornecer suporte ou aconselhamento aos pais/cuidadores.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for conducting safe root canal treatment in pregnant women, illustrating with case reports treated in the extension project Maternal-Child Dental Care at the Federal University of Pelotas. The scientific bases address the main doubts of professionals when performing prenatal dental care: use of radiographic examination, local anesthetics, prescription of medications, among other essential factors in the care of pregnant women. The assisted pregnant women sought care with dental pain. In two cases symptomatic irreversible pulpitis was diagnosed, while a third was experiencing acute apical periodontitis. Endodontic procedures were performed under controlled and standardized conditions. The root canals were prepared in a single session, using mechanical instrumentation with reciprocating kinematics (Wave One® Gold Primary - Dentsply Sirona), and the root canal length was determined by an electronic apex locator FinePex (Schuster). Root canal filling was performed by the single cone technique with Wave One® gutta-percha points. After endodontic treatment, coronal sealing was performed with composite resin A2 Z350 XT (3M ESPE). The care related to the gestational condition is highlighted, and the patients remain under monitoring. It is concluded that the use of apical locators and mechanical instrumentation, using reciprocating files associated with the single cone obturation technique with a standardized cone for each system, represents advances for the accomplishment of endodontic treatment in pregnant patients due to the shorter clinical time and greater comfort of the procedure.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer embasamento científico para condução do tratamento endodôntico em gestantes através de uma revisão de literatura e série de casos clínicos conduzidos em sessão única no projeto de extensão Atenção Odontológica Materno-infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. As bases científicas abordam as principais dúvidas do profissional na condução do pré-natal odontológico: uso do exame radiográfico, anestésico local, prescrição de medicamentos, entre outros fatores essenciais no atendimento da gestante. As gestantes assistidas procuraram atendimento apresentando dor de origem dentária. Em dois casos foi diagnosticado pulpite irreversível sintomática, enquanto um terceiro se travava de periodontite apical aguda. Os procedimentos endodônticos foram realizados sob condições controladas e padronizadas, sob supervisão de um professor de Endodontia. O preparo dos canais radiculares foi realizado em sessão única, através de instrumentação mecanizada de cinemática reciprocante (Wave One® Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona), sendo o comprimento dos canais determinado por meio de localizador foraminal FinePex (Schuster). A obturação dos canais foi realizada pela técnica do cone único com cones do sistema Wave One®. Após o tratamento endodôntico foi realizada blindagem coronária com resina composta cor A2 Z350 XT (3M ESPE). Os cuidados relacionados à condição gestacional estão destacados, sendo que as pacientes permanecem em acompanhamento no projeto. Conclui-se que o uso de localizadores foraminais e da instrumentação mecanizada, utilizando limas reciprocantes associadas à técnica de obturação com cone único padronizado para cada sistema representam avanços para a realização do tratamento endodôntico em pacientes gestantes devido ao menor tempo clínico e maior conforto do procedimento.

ABSTRACT Injuries caused by firearm projectiles in the head and neck region generally imply severe morbidity and mortality, representing an important public health problem. These injuries can be classified as: penetrating, perforating and avulsive, and the latter is the most worrisome, because they are caused by high-velocity projectiles. Low-velocity projectiles commonly cause penetrating injuries, sometimes remaining lodged in tissues, and their removal may or may not be indicated, depending on factors such as location and severity of the lesion. This paper presents the report of three clinical cases that address injuries caused by low-velocity firearm projectiles, in which they had the indication of this artifact removal, addressing the pre, trans and post-surgery procedures. And we point out that full tactical, technical and theoretical domains are required from the Oral-Maxillofacial Surgeons for being successful in the planning and success in the treatment of these lesions.

RESUMO As lesões provocadas por projetil de arma de fogo em região de cabeça e pescoço implicam, geralmente, em morbidade e mortalidades severas representando um importante problema de saúde pública. Esses ferimentos podem ser classificados como: penetrantes, perfurantes e avulsivos, sendo este último o mais preocupante, por serem ocasionados por projéteis de alta velocidade. Os projéteis de baixa velocidade causam comumente ferimentos penetrantes, permanecendo por vezes alojados nos tecidos, podendo ou não, ser indicada a sua remoção, a depender de fatores como localização e gravidade da lesão. O presente artigo traz o relato de três casos clínicos que abordam lesões por projeteis de arma de fogo de baixa velocidade, nas quais tiveram a indicação de remoção do referido artefato, abordando-se as condutas pré, trans e pós-operatórias. Observando-se que é requerido dos Cirurgiões Buco-Maxilo-Faciais, plenos domínios tático, técnico e teórico, para se obter êxito no planejamento e sucesso no tratamento dessas lesões.