Abstract Introduction: The nursing area should perform a comprehensive assessment of adolescents and young people to be able to have an early intervention in the risk habits of this part of the population. Objective: Know how the consumption of energy drinks affects the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Methodology: Systematic review using selected reports for systematic reviews and PRISMA meta-analysis, searching Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus and Pubmed databases with descriptors such as energy drinks, mental health, young adult and adolescent. The inclusion criteria included articles published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish, English or Portuguese, in the population aged 13 to 25, excluding secondary research, editorials, letters to the editor and expert opinions, not available in full text. Identifying 372 articles, leaving a sample of 10 for analysis and methodological evaluation using CASPe guidelines. Data used were duly referenced, respecting and identifying their authors. Results: The majority were studies using cross-sectional design. Frequent consumption of energy drinks increased levels of anxiety, depression, aggression and suicidal risk, with male adolescents being more affected. Conclusions: Although there was evidence of a relationship between energy drink consumption and mental health risks, most of the research used cross-sectional designs, so it was not possible to determine causality or direction of effect. In order to study the effect of energy drink consumption in depth, longitudinal studies and interventions are required since consumption is frequent and mental health problems are on the rise.

Abstrato Introdução: A área de enfermagem deve realizar uma avaliação abrangente dos adolescentes e jovens para poder intervir precocemente nos hábitos de risco dessa parcela da população. . Objetivo: Conhecer como o consumo de bebidas energéticas afeta a saúde mental de adolescentes e adultos jovens. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática usando relatórios selecionados para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análise PRISMA, pesquisando nos bancos de dados Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus e Pubmed com descritores como bebidas energéticas, saúde mental, adultos jovens e adolescentes. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2022, em espanhol, inglês ou português, na população de 13 a 25 anos, excluindo pesquisas secundárias, editoriais, cartas ao editor ou opiniões de especialistas, não disponíveis em texto completo. Identificando 372 artigos, restando uma amostra de 10 para análise e avaliação metodológica utilizando as diretrizes do CASPe. Os dados utilizados foram devidamente referenciados, respeitando e identificando seus autores. Resultados: A maioria era de estudos com desenho transversal. O consumo frequente de bebidas energéticas aumentou os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, agressão e risco de suicídio, sendo os adolescentes do sexo masculino os mais afetados. Conclusões: Embora houvesse evidências de uma relação entre o consumo de bebidas energéticas e os riscos à saúde mental, a maioria das pesquisas utilizou desenhos transversais, de modo que não foi possível determinar a causalidade ou a direção do efeito. Para estudar o efeito do consumo de bebidas energéticas em profundidade, são necessários estudos longitudinais e intervenções, já que o consumo é frequente e os problemas de saúde mental estão aumentando.

Resumen Introducción: Enfermería debe realizar una valoración integral de adolescentes y jóvenes para poder intervenir en forma temprana sobre hábitos de riesgo. Objetivo: Conocer cómo afecta el consumo de bebidas energéticas en la salud mental de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática empleando informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis PRISMA, realizando búsqueda en bases de datos Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus y Pubmed con descriptores bebidas energéticas, salud mental, adulto joven y adolescente, los criterios de inclusión fueron; artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022, en idioma español, inglés o portugués, en población de 13 a 25 años, excluyendo investigaciones secundarias, editoriales, cartas al editor u opiniones de expertos, no disponibles en texto completo. Identificando 372 artículos, quedando una muestra de 10 para análisis y evaluación metodológica mediante pautas CASPe. Los datos utilizados fueron debidamente referenciados, respetando e identificando a sus autores. Resultados: La mayoría fueron estudios con diseño transversal, el ser consumidor frecuente de bebidas energéticas aumentó niveles de ansiedad, depresión, agresividad y riesgo suicida, siendo más afectados los adolescentes de género masculino. Conclusiones: Si bien se evidenció relación entre consumo de bebidas energéticas y riesgos para la salud mental, la mayoría de las investigaciones utilizaron diseños transversales, por lo cual no fue posible determinar causalidad o dirección del efecto. Se requieren estudios longitudinales e intervenciónes para estudiar con profundidad el consumo de bebidas energizantes, debido a que el consumo es frecuente y los problemas de salud mental van en aumento.

Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction: México has a high rate of teenage pregnancy, which symbolizes a risk to the health and socio-economic development of this group. The prevention of a second pregnancy at this stage is relevant to improve quality of life. Objective: To explore the social representations of prenatal contraceptive counseling based on the experiences and expectations of pregnant adolescents and health providers in a second level care hospital. Methodology: Qualitative study based on Serge Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory with ten primiparous adolescents in any quarter of pregnancy and seven health providers, adolescents without pregnancy condition were excluded. We used semi-structured interviews recorded and analyzed in their integrity through fluctuating reading by two researchers, the discourse of the proposed thematic axes was contrasted. Integrity, confidentiality, and autonomy were respected. Results: The realities represented by adolescents showed a need for knowledge, values, respect, kindness, and patience. Providers evoked paternalistic counseling, but with recognition of focused counseling and reproductive rights. Conclusion: More participants stated that the ideal time to receive counseling is during pregnancy, since pregnant adolescents expressed the need to receive information and have more time lapse between their pregnancies. The expectations of the Prenatal Contraceptive Counseling (CAP by its acronym in Spanish) differed in terms of values to give rise to a paternalistic attitude on the part of the health provider and the preference of adolescents for counseling based on respect, honesty, and trust, among others.

Abstrato Introdução: O México tem um alto índice de gravidez na adolescência, o que simboliza um risco para a saúde e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico desse grupo. A prevenção de uma segunda gravidez nesta fase é relevante para melhorar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Explorar as representações sociais do aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal a partir das experiências e expectativas de gestantes adolescentes e profissionais de saúde em um segundo nível de atenção hospitalar. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo baseado na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici com dez adolescentes primíparas em qualquer trimestre da gravidez e sete profissionais de saúde; foram excluídas as adolescentes sem condições de gravidez. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas e analisadas em sua integridade por meio da leitura flutuante de dois pesquisadores, contrastando o discurso dos eixos temáticos propostos. Integridade, confidencialidade e autonomia foram respeitadas. Resultados: As realidades representadas pelos adolescentes mostraram necessidade de conhecimento, valores, respeito, gentileza e paciência. Os prestadores evocaram aconselhamento paternalista, más com reconhecimento de aconselhamento focado e direitos reprodutivos. Conclusão: Um número maior de participantes afirmou que o momento ideal para receber aconselhamento é durante a gravidez, pois as adolescentes grávidas expressaram a necessidade de receber informações e de ter mais tempo entre as gestações. As expectativas da aconselhamento contraceptivo pré-natal (CAP, na sigla em espanhol) diferiram quanto aos valores para dar lugar a uma atitude paternalista por parte do provedor de saúde e a preferência das adolescentes por uma assessoria baseada no respeito, honestidade, confiança, entre outros

Resumen Introducción: México presenta una tasa elevada de embarazo adolescente lo que simboliza un riesgo a la salud y desarrollo socioeconómico de este grupo. La prevención de un segundo embarazo en esta etapa es relevante para mejorar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Explorar las representaciones sociales de la consejería anticonceptiva prenatal a partir de las experiencias y expectativas de adolescentes gestantes y proveedores de salud en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales de Serge Moscovici con diez adolescentes primíparas en cualquier trimestre de embarazo y siete proveedores de salud, se excluyeron adolescentes sin condición de embarazo. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada grabadas y analizadas en su integridad mediante lectura fluctuante realizada por dos investigadores, se contrastó el discurso de los ejes temáticos propuesto. Se respetó la integridad, confidencialidad y autonomía. Resultados: Las realidades representadas por las adolescentes mostraron necesidad de conocimientos, valores, respeto, amabilidad y paciencia. Los proveedores evocaron una consejería paternalista, pero con reconocimiento de una consejería focalizada y derechos reproductivos. Conclusión: Las experiencias similares de los participantes fueron que el momento ideal para recibir la consejería es durante el embarazo, en virtud de que las adolescentes embarazadas manifestaron necesidad de recibir información y espaciar sus embarazos. Las expectativas de la consejería anticonceptiva prenatal difirieron en los valores para dar lugar a una actitud paternalista por parte del proveedor de salud y la preferencia de las adolescentes por una consejería basada en el respeto, honestidad, confianza, entre otros.

Abstract Introduction: The awareness concept can be associated with the decision-making process of young people regarding their health. Currently, there is not much precision in the literature on the use of empirical indicators that would help to understand their relevance in the field of health care. Nursing plays an important role by using objective tools that help promote healthy behaviors based on consciousness. Objective: Identify, through a systematic bibliographic search, the reliability and validity of measurement instruments based on consciousness seen as a cognitive process, perception, comprehension and projection in young people. Methodology: Systematic review according to the criteria established by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses); the search was carried out in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index and Ovid. It took place in the period ranged by June-September 2022, using the descriptors Adolescent and Tools and Awareness. From 923 potential articles found, a sample of 10 were selected, published in Spanish and English that addressed consciousness or one of its levels. Results: The articles were of a methodological type that made reference to the first level of consciousness, that is, perception. No studies were found that addressed comprehension and projection, substantive elements to know the state of consciousness in the health area. Conclusion: There is a need to have measurement tools that address consciousness in a comprehensive manner, that is, as a cognitive process that includes perception, comprehension and projection, essential elements for making decisions in young people with respect to their health.

Abstrato Introdução: O conceito de consciencialização pode ser relacionado com o processo de tomada de decisão dos jovens relativamente à sua saúde. Atualmente, não existe muita precisão na literatura sobre a utilização de indicadores empíricos que ajudem a compreender a sua relevância no domínio dos cuidados de saúde. A enfermagem desempenha um papel importante ao utilizar ferramentas objetivas que ajudam a promover comportamentos saudáveis baseados na consciência. Objetivo: Identificar, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática, a fiabilidade e a validade dos instrumentos de medida baseados na consciência vista como um processo cognitivo, perceção, compreensão e projeção nos jovens. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses); a busca foi realizada nas bases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index e Ovid. Foi realizada no período de junho a setembro de 2022, utilizando os descritores Adolescent e Tools and Awareness. Dos 923 artigos potenciais encontrados, foi selecionada uma amostra de 10, publicados em espanhol e inglês, que abordavam a consciência ou um de seus níveis. Resultados: Os artigos eram do tipo metodológico que faziam referência ao primeiro nível de consciência, que é a perceção. Não foram encontrados estudos que abordassem a compreensão e a projeção, elementos substantivos para conhecer o estado de consciência na área da saúde. Conclusão: É necessário dispor de instrumentos de medição que abordem a consciência de uma forma abrangente, ou seja, como um processo cognitivo que inclui a perceção, a compreensão e a projeção, elementos essenciais para a tomada de decisões dos jovens em relação à sua saúde.

Resumen Introducción: La conciencia puede estar relacionada con la toma de decisiones de los jóvenes respecto a su salud, en la actualidad existe poca claridad en la literatura sobre uso de indicadores empíricos que ayuden a esclarecer su pertinencia en el ámbito de la salud. Enfermería cumple un papel importante al utilizar herramientas objetivas que ayuden a promover conductas saludables basadas en la conciencia. Objetivo: Identificar mediante búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática, confiabilidad y validez de instrumentos de medida basados en la conciencia visto como proceso cognitivo percepción, comprensión y proyección en jóvenes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos por la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Sistematyc Reviews and Meta-analyses; la búsqueda se realizó en Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science Science Citation Index y Social Sciences Citation Indexy Ovid. En el periodo junio -septiembre 2022, utilizando descriptores: Adolescent and tools and awareness. De 923 artículos potenciales publicados en español e inglés que abordaran conciencia o alguno de sus niveles, se seleccionó una muestra de 10. Resultados: Los artículos fueron de tipo metodológico, hacían referencia al primer nivel de la conciencia: percepción. No se encontraron estudios que abordaran comprensión y proyección, elementos sustantivos para conocer el estado de la conciencia en el área de salud. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de contar con herramientas de medida que aborden la conciencia de manera integral, es decir como un proceso cognitivo el cual se incluya percepción, comprensión y proyección, elementos indispensables para la toma de las decisiones en los jóvenes respecto a su salud.

Abstract The article examines the relationship between internal migration of children and adolescents and school enrollment in the border state of Baja California, Mexico. This research combines the analysis of the 2020 Population Census microdata and semi-structured interviews with teachers who served this sector between 2015 and 2022. Internal migrant children have disadvantages in school enrollment, and the gaps increase if the migration is recent, and if the parents work in agriculture. Being indigenous is a protective factor for school attendance among non-recent migrants, but a risk factor among recent migrants; the latter is consistent with teachers’ perceptions. Teachers point out that there are both socioeconomic and educational context barriers that limit the school integration of these migrants. The State still has to guarantee the full right to education for internal migrants.

Resumen En el artículo se examina la relación entre la migración interna de NNA (niños, niñas y adolescentes) y la asistencia escolar en la entidad fronteriza de Baja California, México. Se combina el análisis de los microdatos del Censo de Población 2020 con la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes que atendieron a este sector entre 2015 y 2022. Los NNA migrantes internos presentan desventajas en la asistencia escolar y las brechas aumentan si la migración es reciente y si los padres trabajan en la agricultura. Ser indígena es un factor protector de la asistencia escolar para los migrantes no recientes, pero de riesgo para los migrantes recientes; esto último coincide con las percepciones docentes. Estos señalan que existen barreras tanto socioeconómicas como del contexto educativo que limitan la inserción escolar de estos migrantes. El Estado tiene aún pendiente garantizar el derecho pleno a la educación de los migrantes internos.

Abstract Research and literature on the juvenile criminal justice system in Brazil has focused on the specific legal aspects and rights guarantees of the procedures related to the apprehension of adolescents in flagrante delicto, without highlighting the issues related to the obstacles to the investigation of violence committed at the time of apprehension. As for the criminal justice system, the creation and disputes related to pre-trial hearings have shed light on the first moments immediately after the arrest of adults in flagrante delicto and the importance of structuring a state support network for the collection and recording of any violence committed at the time of arrest. In this article, we seek to understand to what extent the difference between the two procedures creates a dichotomy between mechanisms for determining violence, what are possible reasons for resistance to incorporating pre-trial hearings into the juvenile justice system, and what are the possible ways to deepen the debate on police violence and the presentation to authorities of the justice systems. pretrial pre trial article systems

Resumo As pesquisas e produções bibliográficas sobre o sistema de justiça juvenil criminal no Brasil têm se debruçado aos aspectos jurídicos e garantias de direitos específicos dos procedimentos relacionados à apreensão de adolescentes em flagrante, sem darem destaque às questões ligadas aos entraves para apuração de violências cometidas no momento das apreensões. Já em relação ao sistema de justiça criminal, a criação e as disputas relacionadas às audiências de custódia têm lançado luz aos primeiros momentos imediatamente após a prisão em flagrante de adultos e a importância da estruturação de uma rede de apoio do Estado para a coleta e o registro de eventuais violências cometidas no momento da prisão. Neste artigo, busca-se compreender em que medida a diferença entre os dois procedimentos cria uma dicotomia entre mecanismos de apuração de violências, quais seriam possíveis motivos para a resistência da incorporação das audiências de custódia para o sistema de justiça juvenil, e quais os caminhos possíveis para aprofundar o debate sobre violência policial e a apresentação a autoridades dos sistemas de justiças. apreensões artigo buscase busca justiças

Abstract In a context where family dynamics and adolescent self-esteem stand as fundamental elements for their development, this research proposes to unravel the intricate connections between both variables through a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional study and taking This study aimed to determine the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem during November and December 2022, in 870 high school students in the city of Guayaquil. The data were obtained from the FF-SIL family functioning questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale previously applied by the Student Counseling Department staff. The analysis showed the predominance of moderately functional families in the studied population (43.3% women and 53.9% men), with statistically significant differences between the female population (45.54 %) and the male population (47.90) concerning the family functioning variable. Self-esteem was valued as low prevailed in both sexes (51.5% women and 38.8% men), exhibiting statistically significant differences between the female population (25.54) and the male population (27.54 %) regarding this variable. The correlation of family functioning with self-esteem was statistically significant, directly proportional, and low intensity. These results provide a significant basis for future interventions and policies to strengthen adolescents' psychological well-being.

Resumen En un contexto donde la dinámica familiar y la autoestima de los adolescentes se erigen como elementos fundamentales para su desarrollo, esta investigación propone desentrañar las intrincadas conexiones entre ambas variables a través de un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal, y teniendo como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la autoestima durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2022, en 870 estudiantes de bachillerato de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir del cuestionario de funcionamiento familiar FF-SIL y la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg aplicados previamente por el personal del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil. El análisis mostró el predominio de familias moderadamente funcionales en la población estudiada (43,3 % mujeres y 53,9 % hombres), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, la población femenina (45,54 %) y la masculina (47,90 %) con relación a la variable funcionamiento familiar. La autoestima valorada como baja prevaleció en ambos sexos (51,5 % mujeres y 38,8 % hombres), exhibiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la población femenina (25,54) y la masculina (27,54) respecto a esta variable. La correlación del funcionamiento familiar con la autoestima concluyó como estadísticamente significativa directamente proporcional y de baja intensidad. Estos resultados proporcionan una base significativa para futuras intervenciones y políticas destinadas a fortalecer el bienestar psicológico de los adolescentes.

ABSTRACT The present research study addressed the issue of the inclusion of pregnant adolescents in Physical Education classes, focused on improving the physical health and well-being of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. The main objective of the work was to propose a program of physical activities adapted for the inclusion of pregnant students in the Physical Education class, in the “Pichincha” Fiscal Educational Unit. A methodology with a qualitative approach was proposed, scientific observation, interview, survey and documentary review were used as empirical methods that facilitated the identification of the problem in the initial part until the proposal of adapted physical exercises was carried out, in its final stage. It concludes with the application and execution of adapted physical activities, and improvements are obtained in cardiovascular health, strengthening of muscles and joints, control of weight gain, reduction of the risk of pregnancy complications and improvement of well-being. emotional. These results were compared with research by other authors that corroborate that implementing adapted physical activities contributes to improving the health of both the mother and the fetus.

RESUMEN El presente estudio investigativo abordó el tema de la inclusión de las gestantes adolescentes en las clases de Educación Física, enfocado al mejoramiento de la salud física y el bienestar de la madre y el feto durante el embarazo. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue proponer un programa de actividades físicas adaptadas para la inclusión de estudiantes en estado de gestación en la clase de Educación Física, en la Unidad educativa fiscal “Pichincha”. Se planteó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, se utilizaron como métodos empíricos la observación científica, la entrevista, la encuesta y la revisión documental que facilitaron la identificación del problema en la parte inicial hasta la realización de la propuesta de ejercicios físicos adaptados, en su etapa final. Se concluye con la aplicación y ejecución de actividades físicas adaptadas, y se obtienen mejoras en la salud cardiovascular, el fortalecimiento de los músculos y las articulaciones, el control del aumento de peso, la reducción del riesgo de complicaciones del embarazo y la mejora del bienestar emocional. Estos resultados fueron comparados con investigaciones de otros autores que corroboran que implementar actividades físicas adaptadas contribuye al mejoramiento de la salud, tanto de la madre como del feto.

RESUMO A presente pesquisa abordou a questão da inclusão de adolescentes grávidas nas aulas de Educação Física, com foco na melhoria da saúde física e do bem-estar da mãe e do feto durante a gravidez. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi propor um programa de atividades físicas adaptado para a inclusão de estudantes grávidas na aula de Educação Física, na unidade educacional fiscal “Pichincha”. Foi proposta uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, foram utilizados observação científica, entrevista, levantamento e revisão documental como métodos empíricos que facilitaram a identificação do problema na parte inicial até a realização da proposta de exercícios físicos adaptados, em sua etapa final. . Conclui com a aplicação e execução de atividades físicas adaptadas, obtendo-se melhorias na saúde cardiovascular, fortalecimento de músculos e articulações, controle do ganho de peso, redução do risco de complicações na gravidez e melhora do bem-estar emocional. Esses resultados foram comparados com pesquisas de outros autores que corroboram que a implementação de atividades físicas adaptadas contribui para melhorar a saúde da mãe e do feto.

Abstract Objective: To examine the mental health status and related factors in children and adolescents, and to assess age groups and sexes differences in factors influencing mental health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Chinese children aged 6-18 years from November 2021 to January 2022. Mental health difficulties were accessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with mental health status. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of mental health difficulties was 12.98% (n =1348). Age (OR, 0.909, [95%CI, 0.830-0.996]), sex (OR, 1.424, [95%CI, 1.033-1.963]) and screen time on weekdays (“≥2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 2.001, [95%CI, 1.300-3.080]) were related factors for mental health difficulties. For children (year ≤ 12), the strongest related factor for mental health difficulties was screen time on weekdays (“≥ 2” h/d vs “< 1” h/d: OR, 1.821 [95%CI, 1.203-2.755]). The risk of mental health difficulties in females with ≥ 2 h/d screen time on weekends was 3.420 times higher than those with < 1 h/d (OR, 3.420, [95%CI, 1.923-6.081]). Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health difficulties among children and adolescents was relatively high. The lower age, female sex and excessive screen time were associated with a higher risk of mental health difficulties. The factors influencing mental health varied by different age groups and sexes. Thus, specific measures for different age groups and sexes should be adopted to mitigate the impact. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 618 6 18 6-1 202 2022 Questionnaire Results 1298 12 98 12.98 n =1348. 1348 =1348 . =1348) OR (OR 0909 0 909 0.909 95%CI, 95CI CI 95 [95%CI 0.8300.996, 08300996 0.830 0.996 , 830 996 0.830-0.996]) 1424 424 1.424 1.0331.963 10331963 1.033 1.963 033 963 1.033-1.963] ≥2 (“≥2 hd h d “ 2001 001 2.001 1.3003.080 13003080 1.300 3.080 300 3 080 1.300-3.080] year 12, 12) (“ 1821 821 1.82 1.2032.755. 12032755 1.203 2.755 203 755 1.203-2.755]) 3420 420 3.42 1.9236.081. 19236081 1.923 6.081 923 081 1.923-6.081]) Conclusion high Thus impact 61 6- 20 129 9 12.9 134 =134 090 90 0.90 95%CI 8300 0.8300.996 0830099 0830 0.83 0996 0.99 83 99 0.830-0.996] 142 42 1.42 0331 1.0331.96 1033196 1033 1.03 1963 1.96 03 96 1.033-1.963 200 00 2.00 3003 1.3003.08 1300308 1300 1.30 3080 3.08 30 08 1.300-3.080 ( 182 82 1.8 2032 1.2032.755 1203275 1203 1.20 2755 2.75 75 1.203-2.755] 342 3.4 9236 1.9236.081 1923608 1923 1.92 6081 6.08 92 1.923-6.081] 12. 13 =13 09 0.9 0.8300.99 083009 083 0.8 099 8 0.830-0.996 14 4 1.4 1.0331.9 103319 103 1.0 196 1.9 1.033-1.96 2.0 1.3003.0 130030 130 1.3 308 3.0 1.300-3.08 1. 1.2032.75 120327 120 1.2 275 2.7 7 1.203-2.755 34 3. 1.9236.08 192360 192 608 6.0 1.923-6.081 =1 0. 0.8300.9 08300 0.830-0.99 1.0331. 10331 10 19 1.033-1.9 2. 1.3003. 13003 1.300-3.0 1.2032.7 12032 27 1.203-2.75 1.9236.0 19236 60 6. 1.923-6.08 = 0.8300. 0.830-0.9 1.0331 1.033-1. 1.3003 1.300-3. 1.2032. 1.203-2.7 1.9236. 1.923-6.0 0.8300 0.830-0. 1.033-1 1.300-3 1.2032 1.203-2. 1.9236 1.923-6. 0.830-0 1.033- 1.300- 1.203-2 1.923-6 0.830- 1.203- 1.923-

Abstract Objective: To describe the changes in alcohol and drug use by Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-August 2021), and to analyze the relationship between alcohol use changes and psychiatric symptomatology. Methods: A secondary analysis with a longitudinal approach was performed with data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial, conductedin73publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities, to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug use prevention program. The sample included 535 students (61% girls; Mage = 15.2 years). Data were collected pre-intervention (February-March 2019), after 9 months (November-December 2019), and after 26 months (April-August 2021), when the students were in their first year of high school. The authors analyzed drug use prevalence (alcohol, binge drinking, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, and crack) in a lifetime, past year, and past month periods, and the association between alcohol use change subsamples with psychiatric symptoms. Logistic regressions were adjusted by sex, age, socioeconomic status, city, and group (control and intervention). Results: The present findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in past-year substance use and in past-month substance use frequency, despite the gradually increased (but decelerating) prevalence of lifetime use. However, some adolescents initiated, maintained, or increased the frequency of their alcohol use. Mainly, they were more likely to present behavioral problems, as well as symptoms of inattentive hyperactivity, and peer and emotional problems. Conclusions: Despite the extensive decline in substance use during the pandemic period, these results suggest an association between previous mental health conditions and behavioral risk factors, leading to increased alcohol consumption and behavioral disorders manifestations. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 AprilAugust April August 2021, 2021 , 2021) symptomatology Methods clusterrandomized cluster randomized trial conductedinpublicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian conductedin publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities program 53 61% 61 (61 girls 152 15 2 15. years. years . years) preintervention pre intervention FebruaryMarch February March 2019, 2019 2019) NovemberDecember November December school alcohol, (alcohol drinking tobacco inhalants marijuana cocaine crack periods sex age status city control intervention. intervention) Results pastyear pastmonth but decelerating However initiated maintained Mainly problems hyperactivity Conclusions period factors manifestations COVID1 1 COVID- 202 5 6 (6 201 20 (

Abstract Objective: To estimate the direct costs of treating excess body weight in children and adolescents attending a public children’s hospital. Methods: This study analyzed the costs of the disease within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) for 2,221 patients with excess body weight using a microcosting approach. The costs included operational expenses, consultations, and laboratory and imaging tests obtained from medical records for the period from 2009 to 2019. Healthcare expenses were obtained from the Table of Procedures, Medications, Orthoses/Prostheses, and Special Materials of SUS and from the hospital’s finance department. Results: Medical consultations accounted for 50.6% (R$703,503.00) of the total cost (R $1,388,449.40) of treatment over the period investigated. The cost of treating excess body weight was 11.8 times higher for children aged 5–18 years compared to children aged 2–5 years over the same period. Additionally, the cost of treating obesity was approximately 4.0 and 6.3 times higher than the cost of treating overweight children aged 2–5 and 5–18 years, respectively. Conclusion: The average annual cost of treating excess body weight was R$138,845.00. Weight status and age influenced the cost of treating this disease, with higher costs being observed for individuals with obesity and children over 5 years of age. Additionally, the important deficit in reimbursement by SUS and the small number of other health professionals highlight the need for restructuring this treatment model to ensure its effectiveness, including a substantial increase in government investment. Objective childrens s hospital Methods (SUS 2221 2 221 2,22 approach 200 2019 Procedures Medications OrthosesProstheses Orthoses Prostheses Orthoses/Prostheses hospitals department Results 506 50 6 50.6 R$703,503.00 R70350300 R 703 503 00 (R$703,503.00 $1,388,449.40 138844940 1 388 449 40 investigated 118 11 8 11. 518 18 5–1 25 2– Additionally 4 0 4. 63 3 6. respectively Conclusion R13884500 138 845 R$138,845.00 effectiveness investment 222 22 2,2 20 201 50. R$703,503.0 R7035030 70 (R$703,503.0 $1,388,449.4 13884494 38 44 51 5– R1388450 13 84 R$138,845.0 2, R$703,503. R703503 7 (R$703,503. $1,388,449. 1388449 R138845 R$138,845. R$703,503 R70350 (R$703,503 $1,388,449 138844 R13884 R$138,845 R$703,50 R7035 (R$703,50 $1,388,44 13884 R1388 R$138,84 R$703,5 R703 (R$703,5 $1,388,4 1388 R138 R$138,8 R$703, R70 (R$703, $1,388, R13 R$138, R$703 R7 (R$703 $1,388 R1 R$138 R$70 (R$70 $1,38 R$13 R$7 (R$7 $1,3 R$1 R$ (R$ $1, $1 $

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency in children and adolescents, in a large Brazilian sample. Methodology: Results of 413,988 25(OH)D measurements in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years collected between 01/2014 and 10/2018 were obtained from the database of a Clinical Laboratory. In this population, 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations below 20 ng/mL are considered deficient, and below 12 ng/mL as severe deficiency. All measurements were performed by immunoassay and the results were distributed by gender, age group, seasonality, and latitude. Results: The mean of 25(OH)D levels was 29.2 ng/mL with a standard deviation of 9.2 ng/mL. Of the total samples, 0.8% had a concentration < 12 ng/mL, and 12.5% of the samples had a concentration < 20 ng/mL, with a higher prevalence in females. Children under 2 years of age had the lowest prevalence. The effects of latitude and seasonality were quite evident. In samples of female adolescents from the southern region in winter, 36% of vitamin D deficiency and 5% of severe deficiency were found. Conclusion: In this large number of measurements of 25(OH)D in children and adolescents, 12.5% had a deficiency and 0.8% had severe deficiency. A greater deficiency was observed among adolescents, especially females, which raises questions about the need for supplementation during this period of life. Objective sample Methodology 413988 413 988 413,98 25OHD OHD OH 1 012014 01 2014 01/201 102018 10 2018 10/201 Laboratory population ngmL ng mL deficient gender group 292 29 29. 92 9 9. 08 8 0.8 125 5 12.5 females evident winter 36 found Conclusion life 41398 41 98 413,9 01201 201 01/20 10201 10/20 0. 12. 3 4139 4 413, 0120 01/2 1020 10/2 012 01/ 102 10/

Abstract Objective: Suicide attempt (SA) is the strongest predictive variable for completed suicide. The Department of Cauca in Colombia has an SA rate higher than the national average, but the factors are unknown. The objective was to identify the profiles of SA in children and adolescents of Cauca. Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included all SA (Event-356) records from the SIVIGILA platform in children under 18 years of age between 2016 and 2019. The authors described the variables and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) with the Burt method, according to the completeness of the data to establish the possible SA profiles using STATA 15.1, and R. The Ethics Committee at Universidad del Cauca approved it. Results: The study found 977 SA during this period, 72.4% female, 97.1% adolescent, 74.4% mestizo, 19.3% indigenous, 45.3% resided in municipalities exposed to the armed conflict, 32.3% expressed ideation and previous attempts, and 15.5% prior attempts. The MCA included 810 SA and identified three profiles: “Classic”, which had mestizo adolescents with a history of prior SA, mental illness, or psychoactive substance use problems; “Related to the armed conflict”, which included female adolescents with a first SA and residents in municipalities exposed to the armed conflict; “Ethnic” represented by male indigenous, with housing in a rural area. Conclusion: The SA profiles found in Cauca were “Classic”, “Related to the armed conflict”, and “Ethnic”; these can be considered to implement prevention strategies from a cross-cultural, mental health, and gender perspective, with the presence of the state in the territories. Objective (SA suicide average unknown Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional Event356 Event 356 (Event-356 1 201 2019 (MCA method 151 15 15.1 R it Results 97 period 724 72 4 72.4 971 97.1 adolescent 744 74 74.4 193 19 3 19.3 indigenous 453 45 45.3 conflict 323 32 32.3 attempts 155 5 15.5 81 Classic, Classic , “Classic” illness problems Related conflict” Ethnic “Ethnic area Conclusion crosscultural, crosscultural cross cultural, cultural cross-cultural health perspective territories Event35 35 (Event-35 20 15. 9 7 72. 97. 74. 19. 45. 32. 8 “Classic Event3 (Event-3 2 (Event- (Event

RESUMEN Introducción: los niños y adolescentes con enfermedad renal crónica suelen enfrentar desafíos únicos que afectan significativamente su bienestar mental. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estado de salud mental de niños y adolescentes con enfermedad renal crónica que reciben atención en el Departamento de Nefrología Pediátrica de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Metodología: este fue un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal. Clasificamos a los participantes según factores sociodemográficos (edad, sexo, lugar de residencia, estado civil y educación de los padres, y ocupación parental) y variables clínicas (edad al diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica, patología subyacente, tipo de tratamiento). Las evaluaciones de salud mental utilizaron el Cuestionario Breve para el Cribado y Diagnóstico, adaptado de la Escala Infantil de Rutter. Los diagnósticos se clasificaron como no casos, casos probables sin complicaciones o casos definitivos complicados según la severidad de los síntomas. Resultados: nuestro estudio analizó a 28 jóvenes, predominantemente masculinos (57.1 %), con edades entre 2 y 17 años y una edad media de 12.3 años. Aproximadamente el 42.9 % provenía del campo, y la mitad tenía padres divorciados o separados. Clínicamente, el 42.9 % tenía enfermedad renal crónica en etapas I a III, el 17.9 % estaba en etapa IV, y el 39.3 % había recibido trasplantes de riñón. Las evaluaciones de salud mental mediante Cuestionario Breve para el Cribado y Diagnóstico revelaron que el 39.3 % no mostraba trastornos mentales probables, el 32.1 % eran casos probables sin complicaciones y el 28.6 % eran casos probables con complicaciones. La ansiedad con inhibición y los trastornos de conducta fueron los trastornos predominantes, afectando cada uno al 39.3% de los participantes. Conclusión: nuestra investigación subraya la significativa carga de trastornos de salud mental en un grupo de niños y adolescentes paraguayos con enfermedad renal crónica y la urgente necesidad de servicios de salud mental completos e integrados que estén específicamente diseñados para satisfacer las necesidades de esta población vulnerable.

ABSTRACT Introduction: children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease often face unique challenges that significantly affect their mental well-being. Objective: this study aimed to assess the mental health status of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease receiving care at the Departamento de Nefrología Pediátrica of the Facultad de Ciencias Médicas of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Methodology: this was a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional observational study. We categorized participants based on sociodemographic factors (age, sex, residence, parents' marital status and education, and parental occupation) and clinical variables (age at chronic kidney disease diagnosis, underlying pathology, treatment type). Mental health assessments utilized the Brief Questionnaire for Screening and Diagnosis, adapted from Rutter's Child Scale. Diagnoses were classified as non-cases, probable uncomplicated cases, or definite complicated cases based on symptom severity. Results: our study analyzed 28 young individuals, predominantly male (57.1 %), aged between 2 and 17 years with a mean age of 12.3 years. Approximately 42.9 % hailed from the countryside, and half had parents who were divorced or separated. Clinically, 42.9 % had chronic kidney disease stages I to III, 17.9 % were at stage IV, and 39.3 % had received kidney transplants. Mental health assessments via Brief Questionnaire for Screening and Diagnosis revealed that 39.3 % did not show probable mental disorders, 32.1 % were probable cases without complications, and 28.6 % were probable cases with complications. Anxiety with inhibition and conduct disorders were the predominant disorders, each impacting 39.3 % of participants. Conclusion: our research underlines the significant burden of mental health disorders in a group of Paraguayan children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease and the pressing need for comprehensive, integrated mental health services that are specifically designed to meet the requirements of this vulnerable population.

Limited physical contact and interaction can lead adolescents to experience feelings of loneliness. Additionally, there is an observed increase in social media use among this age group. The entertainment and playful aspects of these platforms tend to captivate users, sometimes leading to addiction. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between the perception of loneliness and social media addiction in adolescents. A quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive-correlational approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. The utilized instruments included the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (SMAQ) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, version 3. The study involved 568 adolescents aged 12 to 18, selected through non-probability convenience sampling. The analysis revealed significant differences (p&lt;0.01) in perceptions of loneliness and lack of control over social media use among females. It also showed differences in perceptions of loneliness among public school students (p&lt;0.05). A direct, low positive correlation was found between perceptions of loneliness and social media addiction in this population (rs = 0.203; p&lt;0.01).

El poco contacto físico e interacción podría llevar a los adolescentes a experimentar sentimientos de soledad. A su vez, se observa un aumento en el uso de las redes sociales por este grupo poblacional; los componentes lúdicos y de entretenimiento tienden a absorber a los usuarios, y llegan a desarrollar en algunos una adicción. El objetivo de la investigación que dio origen al presente artículo científico fue analizar la relación entre la percepción de soledad y la adicción a las redes sociales en adolescentes. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional, de corte transversal. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) y la Escala de Soledad de UCLA, versión 3. Participaron 568 adolescentes, entre 12 a 18 años, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. El análisis mostró diferencias significativas (p&lt;0.01) en la percepción de soledad y la falta de control en el uso de las redes sociales en cuanto al sexo femenino y en la percepción de soledad de los estudiantes de colegio público (p&lt;0.05). Se encontró una relación directa, positiva baja entre la percepción de soledad y la adicción a las redes sociales en esta población (rs = 0.203; p&lt;0.01).