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Oral iron therapy for pediatric restless legs syndrome: An evidence-based review
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Lucas, Ana

; Leite, Gisela

; Correia, João

Nascer e Crescer

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Mar 2024, Volume 33 Nº 1 Páginas 40 - 46

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A síndrome das pernas inquietas (SPI) é um distúrbio neurológico sensório-motor que afeta o sono, com consequente impacto negativo no humor, comportamento, capacidade cognitiva e funcional. Fatores genéticos, disfunção dopaminérgica e défice de ferro têm sido apontados como contribuintes importantes na sua fisiopatologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever a evidência atual sobre a efetividade da suplementação com ferro oral no tratamento da SPI pediátrica. Foram incluídos 6 artigos: 1 guideline e 5 estudos observacionais. Apesar de não existir evidência suficiente para tirar conclusões sobre a efetividade do ferro oral no tratamento da SPI pediátrica, a suplementação com este agente na dose de 3−8,5 mg/kg/dia durante um período de 12 semanas parece ser benéfica em casos de níveis de ferritina inferiores a 50 ng/dL. Tendo em consideração o pequeno número de estudos sobre o tema e as suas limitações, foi atribuída uma força de recomendação SORT B.

Abstract Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor neurological disorder that affects sleep and has a significant impact on mood, behavior, cognition, and function. Genetics, the brain dopamine system, and iron deficiency are known to play important roles in its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to review the current evidence on the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation in the treatment of pediatric RLS. A total of six publications were included: one guideline and five observational studies. Although there is limited evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of oral iron in the treatment of pediatric RLS, initiation of oral iron at a dose of 3−8.5 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks when ferritin levels are below 50 ng/dL appears to be beneficial. Given the small number of studies on this topic and their limitations, B-level SORT strength of recommendation was assigned.

https://doi.org/10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v33.i1.31275

Dopamine depletion in wistar rats with epilepsy
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Trindade-Filho, E. M.

; Pai, J. Dal

; Castro, D. N. de

; Silva, A. T. M. da

; Costa, A. F.

; Vieira, J. S. S.

; Santos, S. D. B. dos

; Félix, V. B.

; Leão, S. A. B. F.

; Zambrano, L. I.

; Saldanha-Filho, A. J. M.

; Carvalho, E. G. A.

; Cavalcante, J. B. N.

; Quintella, G. B.

; Lino, A. T. S.

; Costa, M. V.

; Lima, J. A.

; Tavares, M. M. A.

; de Melo, M. R.

; Mousinho, K. C.

; Biase, C. L. C. L. De

; Leite, M. L.

; Costa, P. J. M. S.

; Becker, E. L.

; Moura, I. M. F. B.

; Silva, J. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e248411

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O conteúdo de dopamina nas estruturas cerebrais tem sido relacionado à excitabilidade neuronal e várias abordagens têm sido utilizadas para estudar este fenômeno durante o período de vulnerabilidade às crises. No presente trabalho, descrevemos os efeitos da depleção de dopamina após a administração de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) na região pars compacta da substância negra de ratos submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia com pilocarpina. A susceptibilidade ao estado de mal epiléptico induzido pela pilocarpina, bem como a frequência de crises espontâneas e recorrentes durante o período crônico do modelo foi determinada. Sendo o hipocampo uma das principais estruturas afetadas no desenvolvimento desse modelo experimental de epilepsia, os níveis de dopamina nessa região foram determinados após a administração da droga. No primeiro experimento, 62% (15/24) dos ratos pré-tratados com 6-OHDA e 45% (11/24) daqueles que receberam ácido ascórbico como solução controle evoluíram para crises límbicas motoras e para o estado de mal epiléptico, após a administração de pilocarpina. A gravidade das crises durante o período agudo do modelo foi significativamente maior nos ratos epilépticos experimentais (56,52%) do que nos ratos controle (4,16%). No segundo experimento, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à frequência de crises na fase crônica do modelo. Nossos dados mostraram que a dopamina pode desempenhar um papel importante na gravidade das crises na fase aguda da pilo, o que parece ser exercido por sua ação inibitória da dopamina sobre a expressão motora das crises.

Abstract The dopamine content in cerebral structures has been related to neuronal excitability and several approaches have been used to study this phenomenon during seizure vulnerability period. In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), as well as spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency during the chronic period of the model were determined. Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. Severeness of seizures during the model´s the acute period, was significantly higher in epileptic experimental rats (56.52%), than in controls (4.16%). In the second experiment, the frequency of seizures in the model’s chronic phase did not significantly change between groups. Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo’s model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248411

Evaluation of different hormone inducers on the reproduction of Prochilodus brevis males
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Vieira, Carla Tatiana Nascimento Sousa

; Sales, Yara Silvino

; Lobato, Jessica Sales

; Apoliano, Marcos Luiz da Silva

; Ferreira, Yasmim Maia

; Cândido-Sobrinho, Silvio Alencar

; Pereira, Vanessa Alves

; Salmito-Vanderley, Carminda Sandra Brito

Revista Ciência Agronômica

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2024, Volume 55 elocation e20228660

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The use of carp pituitary extract (CPE) in fish reproduction may have drawbacks, whereas analogues of mammalian (aGnRHm) or salmon (aGnRHs) gonadotropins containing dopamine inhibitor (DI) may offer greater advantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormone inducers on the reproduction of Prochilodus brevis males. A total of 44 specimens of P. brevis were divided into six groups, namely, CPE 4.0 mg; saline solution 1.0 mL; aGnRHm + DI 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg; and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 mL and 0.35 mL kg-1 of live weight. The number of ejaculates, seminal volume, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm morphology and concentration, and membrane and DNA integrity were determined. Sample normality was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity using the Levene test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, followed by Tukey's test to compare means, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Notably, all fish induced with CPE 4.0 and aGnRHm + DI demonstrated ejaculation, yielding a greater seminal volume. Sperm concentration under aGnRHs + DI 0.35 exceeded that with aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE 4.0. Regarding velocity, aGnRHm + DI 0.3 outperformed aGnRHs + DI 0.35 in VCL, while aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 led to higher VSL than aGnRHs 0.35. Additionally, VAP was elevated under aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE, in contrast to aGnRHs + DI 0.35. Improved sperm morphology was observed with aGnRHm + DI 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 compared to aGnRHm + DI 0.3. The remaining parameters did not differ significantly.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20240004

Sistema inmune innato e infección por SARS-CoV-2. Revisión sistemática
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Coutiño Rodríguez, Elda María del Rocío

Revista alergia México

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Set 2023, Volume 70 Nº 3 Páginas 129 - 145

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Debido a la infección por SARS-CoV-2, la respuesta no controlada ni regulada del sistema inmune innato puede provocar daño orgánico local y multisistémico, que es característico en pacientes que ingresan a los hospitales y fallecen por causa del virus. Este estudio revisa algunos de los factores implicados con los cuadros patológicos graves de la infección, principalmente en hombres, de artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2021, y libros especializados. La investigación muestra que la edad, el sexo, la raza y el grupo sanguíneo (específicamente el A), aunados a diversos factores (inmunosenescencia y comorbilidades), son decisivos en la gravedad de la enfermedad. Finalmente, se plantea que, aunque los hombres y mujeres tienen la misma probabilidad de padecer COVID-19, los hombres tienen mayor posibilidad de morir, puesto que poseen más receptores ACE2 en plasma, mayor actividad de esterasas, producen más citocinas proinflamatorias y responden diferente a las hormonas (la testosterona favorece más la respuesta inmune innata mientras que los estrógenos a la adaptativa) y a los efectos de los inhibidores de dopamina implicados en la respuesta inflamatoria. Además, los andrógenos regulan al receptor TMPRSS e inducen metaloproteasas implicadas en procesos fibróticos y de adhesión.

Abstract In the face of SARS-CoV-2 infection, an uncontrolled and unregulated response of the innate immune system can cause local and multisystem organ damage, which is characteristic of patients admitted to hospitals and who die from this virus. See some of the factors involved in the severe pathological pictures of this infection, mainly in men, in articles published between 2010 and 2021 and specialized books. Research shows that age, gender, race, and blood group (specifically A), coupled with factors such as immunosenescence and comorbidities, are crucial in the severity of the disease. Finally, it is suggested that, although men and women have the same probability of becoming ill with COVID-19, men are more likely to die because they have more ACE2 receptors in plasma, greater esterase activity, produce more proinflammatory cytokines, and respond differently to hormones (testosterone favors the innate immune response more while estrogens favor the adaptive one) and to the effects of dopamine inhibitors, involved in the inflammatory response. In addition, androgen hormones regulate the TMPRSS receptor and induce metalloproteases involved in adhesion and fibrotic processes.

https://doi.org/10.29262/ram.v70i3.1200

Associations among single nucleotide ploymorphisms in two addictive genes, food addiction, and antioxidant markers in recreationally active young women
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Cömert, Tuğba Küçükkasap

; Muşlu, Özlem

; Ağagündüz, Duygu

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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Abr 2023, Volume 40 Nº 2 Páginas 332 - 339

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: food addiction is associated with genetic polymorphisms and decreased antioxidant intake. Objectives: this study determined the associations among food addiction, dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) and toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP rs625413) gene polymorphisms, antioxidant capacities, and zinc levels among recreationally active Turkish women. Methods: the Yale Food Addiction Scale was used to evaluate the food addiction status. Serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels were evaluated by blood analyses. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was performed using peripheral blood leukocytes, and the polymorphism status of the DRD2 Taq 1A and TIRAP genes was investigated using a commercial kit. Results: the frequencies of the heterozygous genotypes of DRD2 Taq 1A and TIRAP were 23.1 % and 31.4 %, respectively, and the frequency of risk allele homozygous genotypes was 3.2 %. Most participants (94.4 %) had a nonpolymorphic/wild (CC) genotype in both genes; however, 11.5 % of the participants had a food addiction. The differences between serum antioxidant capacities, zinc levels, and body mass indices of those with and without food addiction were statistically significant. However, there were no differences in the serum zinc and antioxidant levels among the different genotypes. Conclusion: food addiction in young Turkish women was not associated with DRD2 Taq 1A or TIRAP polymorphisms but was associated with serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels. Further studies on different loci of the same genes or genotypes of different genes with larger sample sizes are warranted.

Resumen Introducción: la adicción a la comida está asociada con polimorfismos genéticos y disminución de la ingesta de antioxidantes. Objetivos: este estudio determinó las asociaciones entre la adicción a la comida, los polimorfismos del gen de la proteína adaptadora que contiene el dominio del receptor de dopamina 2 (DRD2) y del receptor de interleucina 1 (TIR) (TIRAP rs625413), las capacidades antioxidantes y los niveles de zinc entre mujeres turcas recreativamente activas. Métodos: se utilizó la escala de adicción a la comida de Yale para evaluar el estado de adicción a la comida. Las capacidades antioxidantes séricas y los niveles de zinc se evaluaron mediante análisis de sangre. La extracción de ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) se realizó a partir de leucocitos de sangre periférica y el estado de polimorfismo de los genes DRD2 Taq 1A y TIRAP se investigó con un kit comercial. Resultados: las frecuencias de los genotipos heterocigotos de DRD2 Taq 1A y TIRAP fueron 23,1 % y 31,4 %, respectivamente, y la frecuencia de genotipos homocigotos de alelos de riesgo fue de 3,2 %. La mayoría de las participantes (94,4 %) tenían un genotipo no polimórfico/salvaje (CC) en ambos genes; sin embargo, el 11,5 % de las participantes tenía adicción a la comida. Las diferencias entre las capacidades antioxidantes séricas, los niveles de zinc y los índices de masa corporal de aquellas con y sin adicción a la comida fueron estadísticamente significativas. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en los niveles séricos de zinc y antioxidantes entre los diferentes genotipos. Conclusión: la adicción a la comida en mujeres jóvenes turcas no se asoció con los polimorfismos DRD2 Taq 1A o TIRAP, pero se asoció con las capacidades séricas antioxidantes y los niveles de zinc. Se justifican más estudios sobre diferentes loci de los mismos genes o genotipos de diferentes genes con tamaños de muestra más grandes.

https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.04487

El alivio natural: Sauzgatillo (Vitex agnus-castus) para el síndrome premenstrual y la dismenorrea
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Sánchez-Prieto, Manuel

; Losa-Puig, Helena

; Domínguez-Osorio, Natanael A.

; Sanjosé-Alemany, Marta

; Losa-Domínguez, Fernando

; Sánchez-Borrego, Rafael

Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología

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Abr 2023, Volume 88 Nº 2 Páginas 121 - 125

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El síndrome premenstrual es un trastorno común en mujeres en edad reproductiva y se caracteriza por al menos un síntoma físico, emocional o conductual, que aparece en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual y se resuelve poco después del inicio de la menstruación. Los tratamientos convencionales para el dolor perimenstrual cíclico tienen inconvenientes que incluyen efectos secundarios, interferencia con la función reproductiva de las mujeres o escasa efectividad en el alivio de los síntomas. Muchas mujeres recurren a terapias naturales para tratar una gran variedad de síntomas menstruales. Esta revisión se centra en una de esas opciones naturales, el Sauzgatillo (Vitex agnus-castus). Se realizó una búsqueda e identificación de artículos publicados hasta mayo de 2022 recopilados por medio de sistemas de búsqueda electrónicos como Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed y Scopus. Las palabras de búsqueda fueron: “Premenstrual syndrome”, “dysmenorrhea” AND “Vitex agnus-castus”. Los estudios preclínicos señalan un mecanismo de acción en su implicación sobre el sistema serotoninérgico, así como su unión a los receptores de dopamina. Los estudios clínicos demuestran la seguridad y el efecto positivo sobre el síndrome premenstrual y la dismenorrea.

Abstract Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder in women of reproductive age and is characterized by at least one physical, emotional, or behavioral symptom, which appears in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and resolves shortly after the onset of menstruation. Conventional treatments for cyclical perimenstrual pain have drawbacks that include side effects, interference with women’s reproductive function, or limited effectiveness in relieving symptoms. Many women turn to natural therapies to treat a wide variety of menstrual symptoms. This review focuses on one of those natural options, Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus). The information available until May 2022 was collected via the library and electronic search systems such as Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus. The search words were: “Premenstrual syndrome”, “dysmenorrhea” AND “Vitex agnus-castus”. Preclinical studies point to a mechanism of action in its involvement in the serotoninergic system, as well as its binding to dopamine receptors. Clinical studies prove safety and positive effect on premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rechog.22000116

Effect of methylphenidate in a child with pica and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Vieira, Diana

; Branco, Maria Castello

Nascer e Crescer

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Mar 2023, Volume 32 Nº 1 Páginas 31 - 33

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Introduction: Pica and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity has rarely been described in the literature. It has been suggested that pica and ADHD may share some neurobiological ground and that methylphenidate may be a reasonable treatment option for these patients. Case report: Herein is reported the case of an eight-year-old boy with pica and ADHD who was successfully treated with methylphenidate. Notably, both disorders relapsed when methylphenidate was discontinued, with symptom control regained after its reintroduction. Discussion: ADHD and pica may share features such as poor impulse control and dopaminergic system dysfunction, with several studies suggesting that dopamine may be the implicated neurotransmitter. Conclusion: This case report adds to the existing body of evidence suggesting that methylphenidate is effective in pica and AHDH comorbidity. Nevertheless, there is a need for further research to better understand the effects of methylphenidate on pica.

Resumo Introdução: A comorbilidade entre pica e perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção (PHDA) tem sido raramente descrita na literatura. Tem sido sugerido que a pica e a PHDA podem partilhar algumas bases neurobiológicas e que o metilfenidato pode ser uma opção terapêutica nestes casos. Caso clínico: É descrito o caso de um rapaz de oito anos com pica e PHDA tratado com metilfenidato com sucesso. Notavelmente, houve uma recidiva de ambas as perturbações quando o metilfenidato foi descontinuado, com novo controlo sintomático após a sua reintrodução. Discussão: A PHDA e a pica podem ter uma associação através de dificuldades no controlo dos impulsos e disfunção do sistema dopaminérgico, com vários estudos a sugerir que a dopamina é o neurotransmissor envolvido. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo corroboram a evidência que sugere que o metilfenidato pode ser eficaz nesta comorbilidade. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para compreender melhor os efeitos do metilfenidato na pica.

https://doi.org/10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v32.i1.25449

Efecto del compuesto N-2,6-dicloro-aralquil-2-Aminoindano en la conducta estereotipada de ratas. Acción dopaminérgica selectiva central sobre los ganglios basales más que en las estructuras límbicas.
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Velásquez, Marienmy del V.

; Albarracín, Alexander E.

; Boscán, Kelvin

; Ángel, Ligia B.

; Izquierdo, Rodolfo E.

; Ramírez, María M.

; Migliore, Biagina del C.

; Charris, Jaime E.

; Garrido, María del R.

; Israel, Anita

; López, Simón E.

; Ángel, Jorge E.

Investigación Clínica

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Mar 2023, Volume 64 Nº 1 Páginas 15 - 27

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Dopamine 1 is involved in neurodegenerative disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), such as Parkinson’s disease. Despite the absence of some available drugs capable of preventing, stopping or curing the progression of such diseases, there are numerous compounds designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically tested which give rise to pharmacophoric generalizations about the dopaminergic receptor required for the search of a drug able to improve or cure those pathologies. N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane derivatives have shown selective activity in the central dopaminergic system. Both the N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 2 and N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 3 showed an agonistic activity mediated by central dopaminergic mechanisms. To contribute to the search of new drugs able to re-establish homeostasis in the dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson’s disease, the compound N-2,6- dichloro-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 4 was designed through medicinal chemistry strategies that contain pharmacophoric approximations of prodrugs. The pharmacological evaluation of compound 4 in the stereotyped behavior of male Sprague Dawley rats showed agonistic activity through the activation of central dopaminergic mechanisms and a higher selectivity in the responses of stereo- typed behavior characteristic of the basal ganglia over the typical responses from limbic structures.

Resumen La dopamina 1, está implicada en trastornos neurodegenerativos que afectan al sistema nervioso central (SNC) tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson, entre otros. Aunque no se dispone aún de ningún fármaco capaz de prevenir, detener o curar la progresión de estas enfermedades, son numerosos los compuestos que han sido diseñados, sintetizados y evaluados farmacológicamente, que han aportado las generalizaciones farmacofóricas del receptor dopaminérgico, necesarias para la búsqueda de un fármaco capaz de mejorar o curar estas patologías. Los derivados 2-aminoindano-N-aralquílicos han mostrado tener actividad selectiva en el sistema dopaminérgico central, de modo tal que los compuestos clorhidratos de N-[(2,4-diclorofenil)-1-metil- etil]-2-aminoindano 2 y N-[(3,4-diclorofenil)-1-metil-etil]-2-aminoindano 3 demostraron tener actividad agonística mediada por mecanismos dopaminérgicos centrales. Con el propósito de contribuir en la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos que permitan restablecer la homeostasis de la transmisión dopaminérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson, el compuesto N-2,6-dicloro-aralquil-2-aminoindano 4 fue diseñado a través de estrategias de la química medicinal, que contienen las aproximaciones farmacofóricas de los profármacos. La evaluación farmacológica del compuesto 4, en la conducta estereotipada en ratas macho de la cepa Sprague Dawley, demostró tener actividad agonística a través de la activación de los mecanismos dopaminérgicos centrales y mostró mayor selectividad en las respuestas de conductas estereotipadas propias de los ganglios basales sobre las respuestas conductuales propias de las estructuras límbicas.

https://doi.org/10.54817/ic.v64n1a02

Eficacia y seguridad de una alternativa a la terapia hormonal de la menopausia: extracto purificado de polen
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Sánchez-Prieto, Manuel

; Morillo, Eugenia

; Domínguez-Osorio, Natanael A.

; Lloses, Laia

; Romero, Pablo

; Sánchez-Borrego, Rafael

Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología

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2023, Volume 88 Nº 1 Páginas 65 - 70

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Los síntomas vasomotores (SVM) se encuentran entre los síntomas más comunes de la transición a la menopausia. Más del 70% de las mujeres de mediana edad informan SVM en algún momento durante la transición a la menopausia, y para un tercio de las mujeres los SVM son muy frecuentes o graves. Muchas mujeres recurren a terapias naturales para tratar los SVM. Esta revisión se centra en una de esas opciones naturales: el extracto purificado de polen (Serelys®). Se realizó una búsqueda e identificación de artículos publicados hasta octubre de 2022 recopilados de sistemas de búsqueda electrónicos, como Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed y Scopus. Las palabras de búsqueda fueron “Vasomotor symptoms”, “menopause” AND “pollen”. Los estudios preclínicos señalan un mecanismo de acción en su implicación sobre el sistema serotoninérgico, así como su unión a los receptores de dopamina. Los estudios clínicos demuestran la seguridad y el efecto positivo sobre los SVM.

Abstract Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are among the most common symptoms of the menopausal transition. More than 70% of middle-aged women report VMS at some point during the menopausal transition, and for a third of women, VMS is very common or severe. Many women turn to natural therapies to treat VMS. This review focuses on one such natural option, purified pollen extract (Serelys®). The information available until October 2022 was collected via the library and electronic search systems such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus. The search words were: “Vasomotor symptoms”, “menopause” AND “pollen”. Preclinical studies point to a mechanism of action in its involvement in the serotonergic system, as well as its binding to dopamine receptors. Clinical studies demonstrate the safety and positive effect on VMS.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rechog.22000092

10.

Activation of a hypothalamus-habenula circuit by mechanical stimulation inhibits cocaine addiction-like behaviors
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Jang, Han Byeol

; Ahn, DanBi

; Chang, Suchan

; Kim, Hyung Kyu

; Lee, Bong Hyo

; Kim, Sang Chan

; Steffensen, Scott C.

; Bills, Kyle B.

; Lee, Hubert

; Kim, Hee Young

Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation 25

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Mechanoreceptor activation modulates GABA neuron firing and dopamine (DA) release in the mesolimbic DA system, an area implicated in reward and substance abuse. The lateral habenula (LHb), the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the mesolimbic DA system are not only reciprocally connected, but also involved in drug reward. We explored the effects of mechanical stimulation (MS) on cocaine addiction-like behaviors and the role of the LH-LHb circuit in the MS effects. MS was performed over ulnar nerve and the effects were evaluated by using drug seeking behaviors, optogenetics, chemogenetics, electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry. Results Mechanical stimulation attenuated locomotor activity in a nerve-dependent manner and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and DA release in nucleus accumbens (NAc) following cocaine injection. The MS effects were ablated by electrolytic lesion or optogenetic inhibition of LHb. Optogenetic activation of LHb suppressed cocaine-enhanced 50 kHz USVs and locomotion. MS reversed cocaine suppression of neuronal activity of LHb. MS also inhibited cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, which was blocked by chemogenetic inhibition of an LH-LHb circuit. Conclusion These findings suggest that peripheral mechanical stimulation activates LH-LHb pathways to attenuate cocaine-induced psychomotor responses and seeking behaviors.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-023-00440-7

11.

In-situ polymerized Pebax®/polydopamine blend membranes with high CO2/N2 selectivity
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Pirola, Ariele dos Santos

; Pacheco, Paula Sacchelli

; Zawadski, Sônia Faria

; Eiras, Daniel

Polímeros

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2023, Volume 33 Nº 4 elocation e20230043

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this work was to produce Pebax®/polydopamine (PDA) blends and apply these blends to produce membranes for gas separation. Flat sheet membranes were tested for gas permeation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show an optimal concentration of dopamine hydrochloride that produces the best results (��=100, P=114 Barrer). DSC and WAXD results indicate that polydopamine influences the crystallization of Pebax®, reducing the melting and crystallization temperatures of PA blocks and increasing the melting temperature of PEO blocks. The incorporation of PDA decreases gas permeability and increases gas selectivity. The decrease in permeability indicates that the presence of polydopamine reduces the diffusion coefficient of Pebax® by reducing the segmental mobility of PEO blocks and possibly the fraction free volume. Compared to the trade-off, Pebax®/PDA membranes surpasses the upperbound for CO2/N2 separation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.20230045

12.

Relaxation of thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery rings of marmosets (Callithrix spp.) by endothelium-derived 6-nitrodopamine
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Britto-Júnior, J.

; Lima, A.T.

; Santos-Xavier, J.S.

; Gonzalez, P.

; Mónica, F.Z.

; Campos, R.

; Souza, V.B. de

; Schenka, A.A.

; Antunes, E.

; Nucci, G. De

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e12622

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

6-Nitrodopamine is a novel catecholamine released by vascular tissues, heart, and vas deferens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 6-nitrodopamine is released from the thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery rings of marmosets (Callithrix spp.) and to evaluate the relaxing and anti-contractile actions of this catecholamine. Release of 6-nitrodopamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The relaxations induced by 6-nitrodopamine and by the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist L-741,626 were evaluated on U-46619 (3 nM)-pre-contracted vessels. The effects of 6-nitrodopamine and L-741,626 on the contractions induced by electric-field stimulation (EFS), dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were also investigated. Both aorta and pulmonary artery rings exhibited endothelium-dependent release of 6-nitrodopamine, which was significantly reduced by the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME. Addition of 6-nitrodopamine or L-741,626 caused concentration-dependent relaxations of both vascular tissues, which were almost abolished by endothelium removal, whereas L-NAME and the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ had no effect on 6-nitrodopamine-induced relaxations. Additionally, pre-incubation with 6-nitrodopamine antagonized the dopamine-induced contractions, without affecting the noradrenaline- and adrenaline-induced contractions. Pre-incubation with L-741,626 antagonized the contractions induced by all catecholamines. The EFS-induced contractions were significantly increased by L-NAME, but unaffected by ODQ. Immunohistochemical assays showed no immunostaining of the neural tissue markers S-100 and calretinin in either vascular tissue. The results indicated that 6-nitrodopamine is the major catecholamine released by marmoset vascular tissues, and it acts as a potent and selective antagonist of dopamine D2-like receptors. 6-nitrodopamine release may be the major mechanism by which NO causes vasodilatation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12622

13.

Protective effect of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. pruriens seed extract on apoptotic germ cells in ethanolic male rats
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Samrid, R.

; Taoto, C.

; Wu, A.

; Sawatpanich, T.

; Phunchago, N.

; Uabundit, N.

; Iamsaard, S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e272629

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Thai Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var pruriens (T-MP) seed containing levodopa (L-DOPA) and antioxidant capacity has been shown to improve sexual behavior and male reproductive parameters in rats treated with ethanol (Eth). However, its protective effect on testicular apoptotic germ cells has never been reported. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of T-MP seed extract on expressions of caspase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) proteins in Eth rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (9 animals/group), including control, Eth, T-MP150+Eth, and T-MP300+Eth, respectively. Control rats received distilled water, and Eth rats received Eth (3g/kg BW; 40%v/v). The T-MP groups were treated with T-MP seed extract at a dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg before Eth administration for 56 consecutive days. The results showed that the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height were significantly increased in both T-MP treated groups compared to the Eth group. Additionally, the caspase-9 and -3, and PCNA expressions were decreased, but D2R expression was markedly increased in T-MP groups. It was concluded that T-MP seed extract could protect testicular apoptosis induced by Eth via changes in caspase, PCNA, and D2R protein expressions.

Resumo Thai Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var pruriens (T-MP) contendo levodopa (L-DOPA) e capacidade antioxidante demonstrou melhorar o comportamento sexual e os parâmetros reprodutivos masculinos em ratos tratados com etanol (Eth). No entanto, seu efeito protetor sobre células germinativas apoptóticas testiculares nunca foi relatado. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos potenciais do extrato de semente de T-MP na expressão de proteínas de caspase, antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA) e receptor de dopamina D2 (D2R) em ratos Eth. Trinta e seis ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em quatro grupos (9 animais/grupo), incluindo controle, Eth, T-MP150+Eth e T-MP300+Eth, respectivamente. Ratos controle receberam água destilada e ratos Eth receberam Eth (3g/kg PC; 40%v/v). Os grupos T-MP foram tratados com extrato de semente de T-MP na dose de 150 ou 300 mg/kg antes da administração de Eth por 56 dias consecutivos. Os resultados mostraram que o diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos e a altura epitelial foram significativamente aumentados em ambos os grupos tratados com T-MP em comparação com o grupo Eth. Além disso, as expressões de caspase-9 e -3 e de PCNA diminuíram, mas a expressão de D2R aumentou acentuadamente nos grupos T-MP. Concluiu-se que o extrato de semente de T-MP pode proteger a apoptose testicular induzida por Eth através de alterações na expressão de proteínas caspase, PCNA e D2R.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.272629

14.

A dopamine receptor D2 genetic polymorphism associated with transition to mental disorders in a cohort of individuals with at-risk mental state for psychosis
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Marques, Julia Hatagami

; Talib, Leda Leme

; Hortêncio, Lucas

; Andrade, Julio Cesar

; Alves, Tania Maria

; Serpa, Mauricio Henriques

; Yamamoto, Guilherme Lopes

; van de Bilt, Martinus Theodorus

; Rössler, Wulf

; Gattaz, Wagner Farid

; Loch, Alexandre Andrade

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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2023, Volume 45 Nº 3 Páginas 268 - 273

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Objectives: To test the association of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with transition to psychiatric disorders in a cohort of individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) mental state for psychosis. Methods: Through general population screening, 88 non-help-seeking UHR subjects and 130 healthy control individuals were genotyped for 45 SNPs related to psychosis. They were followed for a mean of 2.5 years, and conversion to psychotic and to general psychiatric disorders was assessed. Genotype frequencies between controls, converters, and non-converters were analyzed. Results: There were no differences in sociodemographics between controls and UHR. Also, UHR converters and non-converters had no differences in their baseline symptoms scores. The dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) SNP rs6277 was significantly more common among UHR who transitioned to psychosis (p < 0.001) and to UHR who transitioned to any psychiatric disorders (p = 0.001) when compared to UHR who did not transition. The rs6277 T allele was related to psychiatric morbidity in a dose-response fashion, being significantly more frequent in UHR converters than UHR non-converters and control subjects (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that rs6277 could potentially constitute a genetic marker of transition to psychiatric disorders in subjects with at-risk mental states, warranting further investigation in larger samples.

https://doi.org/10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3044

15.

Consumo de Frutose Altera Aminas Biogênicas Associadas a Fatores de Risco Cardiovasculares
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Francisqueti-Ferron, Fabiane Valentini

; Belin, Matheus Antônio Filiol

; Palacio, Thiago Luiz Novaga

; Ferron, Artur Junio Togneri

; Garcia, Jéssica Leite

; Siqueira, Juliana Silva

; Nakandakare-Maia, Erika Tiemi

; Vieira, Taynara Aparecida

; Kano, Hugo Tadashi

; Moreto, Fernando

; Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira

; Corrêa, Camila Renata

; Minatel, Igor Otavio

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2023, Volume 120 Nº 6 elocation e20220770

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality worldwide, whose most prominent risk factor is unhealthy eating habits, such as high fructose intake. Biogenic amines (BAs) perform important functions in the human body. However, the effect of fructose consumption on BA levels is still unclear, as is the association between these and CVD risk factors. Objective This study aimed to establish the association between BA levels and CVD risk factors in animals that consumed fructose. Methods Male Wistar rats received standard chow (n=8) or standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n=8) over a 24-week period. At the end of this period, the nutritional and metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters and plasmatic BA levels were analyzed. A 5% level of significance was adopted. Results Fructose consumption led to MS, reduced the levels of tryptophan and 5-hydroxitryptophan, and increased histamine. Tryptophan, histamine, and dopamine showed a correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters. Conclusion Fructose consumption alters BAs associated with CVD risk factors.

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de mortalidade do mundo, e um de seus fatores de risco são os hábitos alimentares não saudáveis, tais como, o alto consumo de frutose. As aminas biogênicas (ABs) realizam funções importantes no corpo humano. Entretanto, o efeito do consumo de frutose nos níveis das ABs ainda não está claro, bem como a associação entre estes e os fatores de risco da DCV. Objetivo Este estudo teve o objetivo de estabelecer a associação entre os níveis de ABs e os fatores de risco de DCV em animais que consumiram frutose. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos receberam ração convencional (n=8) ou ração convencional + frutose na água de beber (30%) (n=8) durante 24 semanas. Ao final, foram analisados os parâmetros nutricionais e da síndrome metabólica (SM) e os níveis plasmáticos das ABs. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O consumo de frutose levou à SM, reduziu os níveis de triptofano e 5-hidroxitriptofano e aumentou a histamina. Os níveis de triptofano, histamina e dopamina apresentaram correlação com parâmetros de síndrome metabólica. Conclusão O consumo de frutose altera as ABs associadas a fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220770

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