Abstract Objective This systematic review aims to describe the relationship between psychological resilience and mood disorders. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The following databases were searched on November 6, 2020: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. Results Twenty-three articles were included and the majority of the studies included (95.7%) showed that psychological resilience has a positive impact in mood disorders. Our meta-analysis showed that individuals with bipolar disorder presented significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (standardized mean difference [SDM]: -0.99 [95% confidence interval {95%CI}: -1.13 to -0.85], p < 0.001). In addition, individuals with depression had significantly lower levels of psychological resilience compared to controls (SDM: -0.71 [95%CI -0.81 to -0.61], p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results showed that individuals with mood disorders are less resilient than individuals without mood disorders. Our findings reinforce the importance of investigating interventions that may help to improve psychological resilience considering its positive impact in the context of mood disorders. metaanalysis. metaanalysis meta analysis. analysis 6 2020 PubMed PsycINFO Embase Twentythree Twenty three 95.7% 957 95 7 (95.7% standardized SDM [SDM] 0.99 099 0 99 -0.9 95% [95 95%CI 95CI CI {95%CI} 1.13 113 1 13 -1.1 0.85, 085 0.85 , 85 -0.85] 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) addition (SDM 0.71 071 71 -0.7 0.81 081 81 -0.8 0.61, 061 0.61 61 -0.61] 202 95.7 9 (95.7 [SDM 0.9 09 -0. [9 {95%CI 1.1 11 -1. 08 0.8 8 -0.85 000 0.00 00 0.7 07 06 0.6 -0.61 20 95. (95. 0. -0 [ 1. -1 0.0 -0.6 2 (95 - (9 (

Abstract Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Some studies have shown that substances derived from Cannabis sativa improve the quality of life of children with ASD without causing serious adverse effects, thus providing an alternative therapeutic option. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a cannabis extract rich in cannabidiol (CBD) in children with ASD. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 children, aged from 5 to 11 years, were selected and divided into two groups: the treatment group, which received the CBD-rich cannabis extract, and the control group, which received the placebo. They both used their respective products for a period of 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by two-factor mixed analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA). Results Significant results were found for social interaction (F1,116 = 14.13, p = 0.0002), anxiety (F1,116 = 5.99, p = 0.016), psychomotor agitation (F1,116 = 9.22, p = 0.003), number of meals a day (F1,116 = 4.11, p = 0.04), and concentration (F1,48 = 6.75, p = 0.01), the last of which was only significant in mild ASD cases. Regarding safety, it was found that only three children in the treatment group (9.7%) had adverse effects, namely dizziness, insomnia, colic, and weight gain. Conclusion CBD-rich cannabis extract was found to improve one of the diagnostic criteria for ASD (social interaction), as well as features that often co-exist with ASD, and to have few serious adverse effects. (ASD behavior effects option CBD (CBD randomized doubleblind, doubleblind double blind, blind double-blind placebocontrolled placebo controlled trial 6 1 years groups CBDrich weeks twofactor factor twoway way ANOVA. ANOVA . ANOVA) F1,116 F1116 F F1 116 (F1,11 1413 14 13 14.13 0.0002, 00002 0.0002 , 0 0002 0.0002) 599 99 5.99 0.016, 0016 0.016 016 0.016) 922 9 22 9.22 0.003, 0003 0.003 003 0.003) 411 4 4.11 0.04, 004 0.04 04 0.04) F1,48 F148 48 (F1,4 675 75 6.75 0.01, 001 0.01 01 0.01) cases 9.7% 97 7 (9.7% dizziness insomnia colic gain interaction, interaction) coexist co exist F1,11 F111 (F1,1 141 14.1 0000 0.000 000 59 5.9 92 2 9.2 0.00 00 41 4.1 0.0 F1,4 F14 (F1, 67 6.7 9.7 (9.7 F1,1 F11 14. 5. 9. 4. 0. F1, (F1 6. (9. (F (9 (

Abstract Objectives The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent lockdowns and social distancing measures adopted worldwide raised questions about the possible health effects of human social isolation. Methods We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases using terms related to human social isolation – defined as the isolation of an individual from regular routines and usual social contact – and psychological stress, searching for simulated or naturalistic isolation environments. We present the main results, as well as the validity and limitations of each model. PROSPERO registry number: CRD42021241880. Results Despite the diversity of contexts reviewed, some outcomes almost ubiquitously relate to psychological stress, i.e., longer periods, expectation of a longer period, confinement, lack of social interaction, and support. Based on the results, and considering that most studies were not designed for the purpose of understanding isolation itself, we propose a group of recommendations for future experimental or naturalistic research on the topic. Conclusion Evidence on the impact of different situations in which individuals are subjected to social isolation can assist in development of directed preventive strategies to support people under similar circumstances. Such strategies might increase the general public’s compliance with social distancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for emerging infectious diseases. 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 PubMed Scopus stress environments results model number CRD42021241880 CRD reviewed ie i e i.e. periods period confinement interaction itself topic circumstances publics public s nonpharmacological non pharmacological diseases 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 CRD4202124188 i.e 2 (COVID- CRD420212418 (COVID CRD42021241 CRD4202124 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract Objective Childhood maltreatment is extremely harmful to health, especially in relation to development of the psychiatric disorders throughout life. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and types of maltreatment in a sample of adolescent schoolchildren and to investigate associations between maltreatment types and anxiety and depressive symptoms, sociodemographic variables, and risk behaviors. The study also identified which variables were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 654 school students aged 11 to 17 years. We collected sociodemographic data and administered the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to evaluate maltreatment and adverse experiences such as abuse and negligence during childhood and adolescence. Statistical analyses were conducted to estimate correlations between sociodemographic data, anxiety, depression, and types of maltreatment. A regression analysis was also conducted to identify maltreatment types that predict psychological symptoms. Results Emotional abuse and emotional neglect were the most prevalent types of maltreatment. Statistically, emotional abuse was the maltreatment type most strongly correlated with depression and anxiety and tended to co-occur with other types of maltreatment. Additionally, emotional and sexual abuse were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Conclusion The above results reinforce the findings of previous studies in terms of understanding the effects of maltreatment. They identify emotional abuse as the main predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms. health life behaviors crosssectional cross sectional 65 1 years RCADS47 RCADS 47 (RCADS-47 CTQ (CTQ adolescence Statistically cooccur co occur Additionally adolescents 6 RCADS4 4 (RCADS-4 (RCADS- (RCADS

Abstract Background Teaching is very stressful and demanding and it intensifies psychological and related disorders compared to other occupations. Most teachers in Nigeria are battling emotional distress, burnout, depression, and anxiety due to excess workload, which has affected their psychological well-being. This study assessed the sociodemographic and psychological well-being of primary school teachers in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods This is a study with a cross-sectional design. The psychological well-being of 254 primary school teachers was assessed using a psychological well-being scale and a sociodemographic information inventory was also used to ascertain their personal information. The data collected were analyzed using chi-square, mean, standard deviation, and bivariate correlation statistics. Results The results showed that the majority of primary school teachers experience unhealthy psychological well-being irrespective of age, gender, working status, qualification, and years of teaching experience. These teachers’ sociodemographic variables are significantly correlated with psychological well-being. Only location is not significantly correlated with psychological well-being. Conclusion Therefore, this study concluded that primary school teachers’ psychological well-being is not positive or healthy and is significantly related to their sociodemographic characteristics. occupations distress burnout depression workload wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being State crosssectional cross sectional design 25 chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square mean deviation statistics age gender status qualification Therefore characteristics 2

Abstract Objective This study aimed at investigating a set of peripheral cytokines in elderly female patients with MDD, comparing them to controls, and assessing the potential influence of clinical comorbidities on inflammatory markers. Methods Twenty-five elderly female patients diagnosed with MDD and 19 age-matched female controls were enrolled on this study. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated with commercially-available assays. Results Elderly female patients with MDD exhibited higher plasma IL-6 and IL-4 levels when compared to controls. In a logistic regression model taking cytokine levels, comorbidities, and age into account, only type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) remained associated with MDD. Conclusion Diabetes influences the association between MDD and higher levels of cytokines in elderly female patients. Future studies should take this evidence into account in order to mitigate confounding factors. markers Twentyfive Twenty five 1 agematched matched IL4, IL4 IL 4, 4 (IL)-4 IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL10, IL10 10, 10 IL-10 IFNγ IFN γ TNFα TNF α commerciallyavailable commercially available assays IL- DM2 DM (DM2 factors (IL)- IL1 IL-1 (DM (IL) (IL

Abstract Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and extremely prevalent mental disorder. Early diagnosis is vital for treatment. However, there are no specific screening instruments validated for Brazilian Portuguese. This study aimed to adapt the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) to the Brazilian context. The MSI-BPD is a self-report instrument based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), that enables fast and reliable assessment of BPD, with measures of sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) similar to the diagnostic interview for the DSM-5 (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Axis II Disorders [SCID-II]), taken as the gold standard. Methods Two independent translations, a synthesis version, back-translation, and analysis by experts were employed to create the final version of the instrument in Brazilian Portuguese. The translated instrument was administered to 1,702 adults aged 18-59 years to verify evidence of validity relating to content, internal structure, relationship with other variables, and reliability. Results The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses show that the one-factor structure is adequate. The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson coefficient [KR-20] of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.691) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.802). Logistic regression analysis using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF) (DSM-5) as reference established an ideal cut-off point of eight symptoms, with adequate SN (0.79) and SP (0.75), similar to the original instrument. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.830 (95% confidence interval: 0.802-0.858), with a positive predictive value of 89.2%. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the MSI-BPD has adequate psychometric properties for use as a BPD screening tool by clinicians. (BPD treatment However Portuguese MSIBPD MSI (MSI-BPD context selfreport self report th DSM5, DSM5 DSM 5 , (SN (SP DSM- Structured DSMV V SCIDII, SCIDII SCID [SCID-II]) standard translations backtranslation, backtranslation back translation, translation back-translation 1702 1 702 1,70 1859 18 59 18-5 content variables onefactor one KuderRichardson Kuder Richardson KR20 KR 20 [KR-20 Cronbachs Cronbach s 0.691 0691 0 691 testretest test retest intraclass ICC [ICC 0.802. 0802 0.802 . 802 0.802) DSM5Brief DSMBrief Brief PID5BF PIDBF PID BF (PID-5-BF (DSM-5 cutoff cut off symptoms 0.79 079 79 (0.79 0.75, 075 0.75 75 (0.75) AUC (AUC 0830 830 0.83 95% 95 (95 interval 0.8020.858, 08020858 0.858 858 0.802-0.858) 892 89 2 89.2% clinicians [SCID-II] 170 70 1,7 185 18- KR2 [KR-2 0.69 069 69 080 0.80 80 (DSM- 0.7 07 7 (0.7 (0.75 083 83 0.8 9 (9 8020 0.8020.858 0802085 0858 0.85 85 0.802-0.858 8 89.2 [SCID-II 17 1, [KR- 0.6 06 6 08 (DSM 0. (0. ( 0.8020.85 080208 085 0.802-0.85 89. [KR (0 0.8020.8 08020 0.802-0.8 0.8020. 0.802-0. 0.8020 0.802-0 0.802-

Abstract Objective Grazing is a disturbed eating pattern that has been associated with eating disorders and obesity. One of the new measures to investigate this eating behavior is the Short Inventory of Grazing (SIG), a two-item questionnaire that assesses grazing in general and grazing associated with the feeling of loss of control over eating (LOC grazing). However, the psychometric properties of the SIG have not been assessed in the Brazilian population. The present study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate a Brazilian version of the SIG. Methods The SIG was adapted to the Brazilian context following international guidelines. Then, 90 undergraduate students completed an online survey including questions from the SIG, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7), and a question related to self-reported health status. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity of the questionnaire were assessed. Results The prevalence rates of at least one weekly episode of grazing in general and LOC grazing were 71.1 and 54.5%, respectively. The internal consistence of the SIG was acceptable (0.81). In addition, SIG scores on both items were positively and significantly associated with BES, GAD7, and PHQ9 scores, and with poorer self-rated health. However, SIG test and retest scores differed significantly. Conclusion Overall, the Brazilian version of the SIG demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. The instrument had adequate internal consistency, with both items exhibiting good convergent validity with related measures. obesity , (SIG) twoitem two item grazing. . grazing) However population crossculturally cross culturally guidelines Then 9 BES (BES) Questionnaire9 Questionnaire Questionnaire- PHQ9, PHQ (PHQ9) Disorder7 Disorder 7 Disorder- GAD7 GAD (GAD7) selfreported self reported status consistency testretest reliability 711 71 1 71. 545 54 5 54.5% respectively 0.81. 081 0.81 0 81 (0.81) addition selfrated rated Overall (SIG (BES (PHQ9 (GAD7 54.5 08 0.8 8 (0.81 (PHQ (GAD 54. 0. (0.8 (0. (0 (

Abstract Objectives Medical training negatively impacts the quality of life of students. Assessing the well-being of medical students could guide academic policies and future research for improving the mental and physical health status of the population at risk. This study aimed to identify the influence of medical training on the quality of life of Brazilian medical students. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane criteria and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol (PRISMA). The search was performed by two independent investigators using a predefined protocol registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42021237926). Data were extracted from PubMed, Embase, and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). For quantitative synthesis, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the mean difference in the quality of life between medical students at different stages in the academic cycle, stratified by sex. All data were analyzed using the random-effects model, with a confidence interval of 95% (95%CI). Results After evaluating the eligibility criteria, five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The data revealed that students in the pre-clinical cycle of the course exhibited higher quality of life scores in the physical (3.05 [1.48-4.62], p < 0.0001) and psychological (3.05 [0.80-5.30], p < 0.0001) domains than students in the clerkship cycle. No statistically significant differences were observed in the environmental (0.78 [-2.92-4.49], p = 0.68) or social domains (1.41 [-0.52-3.34], p = 0.15). Conclusion Our analysis revealed that the medical course is associated with decreased quality of life of medical students in the physical and psychological domains. This finding was observed in both men and women. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the study limitations. Registration number PROSPERO, CRD42021237926. wellbeing well being risk metaanalysis meta MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA. PRISMA . (PRISMA) CRD42021237926 CRD (CRD42021237926) PubMed Embase BVS. BVS (BVS) synthesis sex randomeffects random effects model 95 95%CI. 95CI CI 95%CI (95%CI) metaanalysis. analysis. preclinical pre clinical 3.05 305 3 05 (3.0 1.484.62, 148462 1.48 4.62 , 1 48 4 62 [1.48-4.62] 0.0001 00001 0 0001 0.805.30, 080530 0.80 5.30 80 5 30 [0.80-5.30] 0.78 078 78 (0.7 2.924.49, 292449 2.92 4.49 2 92 49 [-2.92-4.49] 0.68 068 68 1.41 141 41 (1.4 0.523.34, 052334 0.52 3.34 52 34 [-0.52-3.34] 0.15. 015 0.15 15 0.15) women However limitations (PRISMA CRD4202123792 (CRD42021237926 (BVS 9 (95%CI 3.0 (3. 484 1.484.62 14846 148 1.4 462 4.6 6 [1.48-4.62 0.000 0000 000 805 0.805.30 08053 080 0.8 530 5.3 8 [0.80-5.30 0.7 07 7 (0. 924 2.924.49 29244 292 2.9 449 4.4 [-2.92-4.49 0.6 06 14 (1. 523 0.523.34 05233 052 0.5 334 3.3 [-0.52-3.34 01 0.1 CRD420212379 (CRD4202123792 3. (3 1.484.6 1484 1. 46 4. [1.48-4.6 0.00 00 0.805.3 0805 08 0. 53 5. [0.80-5.3 (0 2.924.4 2924 29 2. 44 [-2.92-4.4 (1 0.523.3 0523 33 [-0.52-3.3 CRD42021237 (CRD420212379 ( 1.484. [1.48-4. 0.0 0.805. [0.80-5. 2.924. [-2.92-4. 0.523. [-0.52-3. CRD4202123 (CRD42021237 1.484 [1.48-4 0.805 [0.80-5 2.924 [-2.92-4 0.523 [-0.52-3 CRD420212 (CRD4202123 [1.48- [0.80- [-2.92- [-0.52- CRD42021 (CRD420212 [1.48 [0.80 [-2.92 [-0.52 CRD4202 (CRD42021 [1.4 [0.8 [-2.9 [-0.5 CRD420 (CRD4202 [1. [0. [-2. [-0. CRD42 (CRD420 [1 [0 [-2 [-0 CRD4 (CRD42 [ [- (CRD4 (CRD

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impacts of a nutritional education intervention for patients with multiple chronic conditions during smoking cessation. Methods The non-probabilistic sample comprised 18 adults and seniors of both sexes recruited from a smoking cessation treatment group. At the beginning of treatment, smoking history, degree of dependence, and stage of motivation were assessed. Degree of craving was evaluated weekly for the 1st month. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were conducted at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 months. Dietary intake was assessed with the “How is your diet?” questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was delivered in three sessions. The themes covered were energy balance and physical activity, healthy eating, and the importance of fruit and vegetables in the diet. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Shapiro Wilk test of normality, the paired t test, and the Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney U tests (significance ≤ 0.05). Results Most people (55.6%) in the intervention group had a high degree of smoking dependence, while the frequency in the control group was 22.2%. Degree of craving decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment (p = 0.017). After 3 months, both groups had a positive variation in mean body weight, although below 3%. In both groups, the average percentage of weight gain was less than 3%, suggesting that delivery of the nutritional education sessions and the nutritionist’s use of the protocol proposed by the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) helped to control weight gain. Blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) both increased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.15 and p = 0.50, respectively). Conclusion Greater proximity and more frequent intervention by a nutritionist assists and encourages healthy eating practices during the smoking cessation process, which can benefit individuals’ control of chronic diseases over the long term. nonprobabilistic non probabilistic history dependence st baseline months How diet diet? questionnaire activity normality MannWhitney Mann Whitney significance 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 55.6% 556 55 6 (55.6% 222 22 2 22.2% 0.017. 0017 0.017 017 0.017) 3% nutritionists s INCA (INCA assessmentinsulin assessment insulin HOMAIR HOMA IR (HOMA-IR 015 15 0.1 050 50 0.50 respectively. respectively respectively) process individuals term 00 0.0 55.6 5 (55.6 22.2 001 0.01 01 0. 0.5 55. (55. 22. (55 (5 (

Abstract Objective To analyze the trend of hospitalizations for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in Brazil, by region, and establish its relationship with mental health care facilities. Methods Data were collected through the Brazilian Unified Health System’s (SIH/SUS) Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informação Hospitalar) and the National Register of Health Establishments of Brazil (Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde [CNES]). We used linear regression models to estimate the effect of SUS psychiatric beds and Center for Psychosocial Care (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial [CAPS]) numbers on AUD hospitalizations. Results From 2015 to 2020, 298,735 hospitalizations for AUD were recorded. Most of the patients admitted for AUD were male (88.8%). Individuals aged 60 years and older accounted for 11.7% of our cohort. The highest concentration of hospitalizations occurred in the South region (40.1%). The rate of hospitalizations per hospital bed remained relatively constant. The number of CAPS has a negative effect on SUS psychiatric beds in Brazil (average effect -22.31 [95% confidence interval {95%CI} -26.92, -17.70]). Psychiatric beds have a positive effect on AUD hospitalizations in the country (average effect 1.82 [95%CI 0.91, 2.74]). Conclusion Prioritization guidelines for other forms of care are associated with a decrease in hospitalizations for AUD, so we highlight the importance of adequate training of health care professionals for proper referral of these patients to hospital admission when necessary. (AUD facilities Systems s SIH/SUS SIHSUS SIH (SIH/SUS Sistema Hospitalar Cadastro CNES. CNES . [CNES]) Centro [CAPS] 201 2020 298735 298 735 298,73 recorded 88.8%. 888 88.8% 88 8 (88.8%) 6 117 11 7 11.7 cohort 40.1%. 401 40.1% 40 1 (40.1%) constant average 22.31 2231 22 31 -22.3 95% 95 [95 95%CI 95CI CI {95%CI 26.92, 2692 26 92 -26.92 17.70. 1770 17.70 17 70 -17.70]) 182 82 1.8 091 0 91 0.91 2.74. 274 2.74 2 74 2.74]) necessary [CNES] [CAPS 20 202 29873 29 73 298,7 88.8 (88.8% 11. 40.1 4 (40.1% 22.3 223 3 -22. 9 [9 26.92 269 -26.9 177 17.7 -17.70] 18 1. 09 0.9 27 2.7 2.74] [CNES 2987 298, 88. (88.8 40. (40.1 22. -22 [ 26.9 -26. 17. -17.70 0. 2. (88. (40. -2 26. -26 -17.7 (88 (40 - -17. (8 (4 -17 ( -1

Abstract Objective In the DSM-III and the DSM-IV, bipolar disorder (BD) is classified as a mood disorder and diagnosis requires presence of a mood change, i.e., euphoria or irritability. In contrast, DSM-5 states that there must be some increase in energy or motor activity in addition to the mood change. Our aim was to identify which types of symptoms (i.e., mood or energy/activity-related symptoms) are the most informative in a manic episode. Methods Symptoms of manic episodes in 106 outpatients with BD were assessed in a naturalistic study using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) between November 2002 and November 2015. The scale items were divided into three groups according to clinical criteria: mood, energy/activity, and other. For comparisons between groups, the Samejima graded response model from Item Response Theory (IRT) and the Test Information Function (TIF) were computed. Chi-square tests were used to verify the association between the groups of symptoms by comparing the area under the curve of the TIF results. Results The information accounted for by energy/activity represents 77% of the proportion of the total TIF; about 23% is related to mood and other groups of symptoms. These proportions are statistically different (χ2[1] = 30.42, p < 0.001) Conclusion On average, changes in energy/activity tend to be more informative than mood changes during the manic phases of BD. DSMIII DSM III DSMIV, DSMIV IV, IV DSM-IV (BD change ie i e i.e. irritability contrast DSM5 5 DSM- (i.e. energy/activityrelated energyactivityrelated episode 10 YMRS (YMRS 200 2015 criteria energyactivity IRT (IRT (TIF computed Chisquare Chi square results 77 23 χ21 χ χ2 1 (χ2[1 3042 30 42 30.42 0.001 0001 0 001 average i.e (i.e activityrelated 20 201 7 2 (χ2[ 304 3 4 30.4 0.00 000 00 (χ2 30. 0.0 (χ 0.

Abstract Objectives To assess alcohol use and perceived change in alcohol consumption (before and during the pandemic) in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, their correlates, and their associations with depressive, anxiety and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A). Methods This is a cross-sectional study comprising 992 individuals in self-isolation. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess whether participants were drinking during self-isolation and whether they changed their drinking behavior (drinking less, more, or no change) from before to during the pandemic. D&A symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Results A total of 68.5% of participants reported alcohol consumption during the pandemic, and 22.7% of these reported increased alcohol use. Smoking was positively associated with alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Alcohol consumption was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.40, 95%CI 1.06-1.85, p < 0.01) and D&A (OR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.02-1.87, p = 0.033) symptoms. Conclusions Drinking during self-isolation was prevalent and was associated with risk factors for alcohol use disorders. The long-term effects of high drinking rates and increased consumption should be proactively monitored and assessed. pandemic COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 correlates cooccurring co occurring D&A. DA . D (D&A) crosssectional cross sectional 99 selfisolation. selfisolation self isolation. isolation selfreport report less more BDI BAI. BAI BAI) 685 68 5 68.5 227 22 7 22.7 OR 140 1 40 1.40 95CI CI 95 1.061.85, 106185 1.06 1.85, 06 85 1.06-1.85 0.01 001 0 01 138 38 1.38 1.021.87, 102187 1.02 1.87, 02 87 1.02-1.87 0.033 0033 033 disorders longterm long term COVID1 COVID- (D&A 9 6 68. 2 22. 14 4 1.4 061 1.061.85 10618 106 1.0 185 1.85 8 1.06-1.8 0.0 00 13 3 1.3 021 1.021.87 10218 102 187 1.87 1.02-1.8 0.03 003 03 1. 1.061.8 1061 10 18 1.8 1.06-1. 0. 1.021.8 1021 1.02-1. 1.061. 1.06-1 1.021. 1.02-1 1.061 1.06- 1.021 1.02-