ABSTRACT Watermelon has great importance due to its nutritional properties. The aim of this work was to study accessions classified as resistant to fusariosis. Twelve accessions and two cultivars, Sugar Baby and Charleston Gray (controls), were characterized for watermelon fruit quality descriptors. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina-PE, over two production cycles in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions and five plants per plot. Two fruits per plot were sampled for characterization. Ten quantitative and seven qualitative descriptors were evaluated. For the qualitative traits, dissimilarity measures were determined by a matrix of Euclidean distance. At the second harvest, most accessions had higher organic acid and vitamin C content in the pulp and higher soluble solids (°Brix) content. The accessions were divided into four groups according to the Tocher method. There is variability among the evaluated accessions, and the accessions BGH-Univasf 40, BGH-Univasf 169, and BGH-Univasf 177 are potential sources for use in watermelon breeding programs. Accessions BGH-UNIVASF 76, BGH-UNIVASF 128, and BGH-UNIVASF 185 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) performed well in terms of total production, fruit mass, and vitamin C content. properties fusariosis cultivars controls, controls , (controls) PetrolinaPE, PetrolinaPE Petrolina PE, PE Petrolina-PE design characterization traits distance harvest °Brix Brix (°Brix method BGHUnivasf BGH Univasf 40 169 17 programs BGHUNIVASF UNIVASF 76 128 18 Citrullus var citroides mass (controls 4 16 1 7 12

ABSTRACT Canola has considerable global significance in edible oil and biodiesel production. In Brazil, canola has adapted to the temperate South region, where production is now concentrated. However, research indicates potential for growing the crop in warmer regions. This study evaluated the performance of canola hybrids under growing conditions in the Campo das Vertentes mesoregion, Minas Gerais, during the 2019 and 2021 harvests. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block 6 × 6 factorial design, with four replicates. Six canola hybrids, Hyola 433, Hyola 575 CL, Nuola 300, Hyola 571 CL, Diamond, and ALHT B4, and six sowing dates: 02/15/2019, 02/28/2019, 03/20/2019, 04/09/2019, 02/22/2021, and 03/11/2021 were tested. The plant height, total number of siliques per plant, number of grains per silique, grain yield, and canola oil yield were evaluated. The Nuola 300 and Hyola 575 CL hybrids showed superior grain and oil yields, indicating potential success in growing in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Findings indicated an optimal sowing period in the Campo das Vertentes region until March. These results stress the importance of strategically selecting hybrids and sowing timelines to maximize canola yield in the region under study. Brazil concentrated However regions mesoregion Gerais 201 202 harvests design replicates 433 57 Diamond B4 B dates 02152019 02 15 02/15/2019 02282019 28 02/28/2019 03202019 03 20 03/20/2019 04092019 04 09 04/09/2019 02222021 22 02/22/2021 03112021 11 03/11/202 tested height silique 30 yields March 43 5 0215201 0 1 02/15/201 0228201 2 02/28/201 0320201 03/20/201 0409201 04/09/201 0222202 02/22/202 0311202 03/11/20 3 4 021520 02/15/20 022820 02/28/20 032020 03/20/20 040920 04/09/20 022220 02/22/20 031120 03/11/2 02152 02/15/2 02282 02/28/2 03202 03/20/2 04092 04/09/2 02222 02/22/2 03112 03/11/ 0215 02/15/ 0228 02/28/ 0320 03/20/ 0409 04/09/ 0222 02/22/ 0311 03/11 021 02/15 022 02/28 032 03/20 040 04/09 02/22 031 03/1 02/1 02/2 03/2 04/0 03/ 02/ 04/

ABSTRACT Tomato bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri triggers significant losses in crop production, and the active ingredients availability for disease control is limited. For this reason, there is a great demand for plant protection alternatives, such as the use of nanocrystals. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of nanocrystals spraying intervals for the control of tomato bacterial spot. Tomato plants of cv. Santa Cruz Kada were sprayed at 3-4 leaf stage under greenhouse conditions with ZnO:1Mg, ZnOCl, and ZnOCl:0.1Cu nanocrystals, copper and water. Three days later, the plants were inoculated with a bacterial suspension (109 CFU mL -1). Then, after 3, 6, 9, or 12-day intervals, the plants were sprayed with the products. The bacterial spot severity was periodically quantified as affected leaf area percentage, and the area under the disease progress curve was calculated. Nanocrystals ZnO:1Mg, ZnOCl, and ZnOCl:0.1Cu reduced the tomato bacterial spot severity when sprayed at 3- and 6-day intervals. Thus, nanocrystals may be used for the tomato bacterial spot control when sprayed at 6-day intervals, once this interval is adequate and practical for disease management. pv production limited reason alternatives Thus cv 34 3 4 ZnO1Mg, ZnO1Mg ZnOMg ZnO 1Mg, 1Mg Mg ZnO:1Mg ZnOCl ZnOCl0.1Cu ZnOCl01Cu ZnOClCu 0.1Cu 0 1Cu Cu water later 109 (10 1. 1 . -1) Then 6 9 12day day 12 products percentage calculated 6day management ZnOCl0 01Cu 10 (1 -1 ( -

ABSTRACT Hail netting increases natural fruitlet drop. Mixing lower concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) and spraying on more advanced fruitlets could promote adequate crop load management and improve fruit quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate thinning programs with low concentrations of PGRs sprayed at advanced fruitlet size looking for reducing crop load, enhancing fruit quality, and preserving yield. On 2020/21 and 2021/22, in an orchard covered with hail netting in Bom Jesus-RS, eight programs were tested on vigorous ‘Maxi Gala’: Benzyladenine (BA)+Gibberellic acid4+7 (BA-GA) at full bloom (FB) and BA+Ethephon (ETH) at 15mm; BA-GA at FB and Naphthalene acetic acid+Carbaryl (CB) at 7 mm; BA-GA at FB and BA+CB at 15 mm; ETH+CB at 15 mm and Metamitron (MM)+ETH at 20 mm; BA-GA at FB and BA at 7 mm and MM at 20 mm; MM at 7 mm and MM at 20 mm; Manual Thinning Only; Untreated Control. The treatments containing CB reduced fruit set, although diminished yield unsustainably. All PGR programs improved fruit quality. In conclusion, BA-GA at FB and BA+ETH at 15 mm, and MM at 7 mm and MM at 20 mm reduce crop load, preserve yield and improve fruit quality. drop (PGRs quality 202021 2020 21 2020/2 202122 2021 22 2021/22 JesusRS, JesusRS Jesus RS, RS Jesus-RS Maxi Gala Gala’ BA+Gibberellic BAGibberellic +Gibberellic Gibberellic acid47 acid acid4 acid4+ BAGA GA (BA-GA (FB BAEthephon Ethephon ETH (ETH 15mm acidCarbaryl Carbaryl (CB BACB 1 ETHCB MM+ETH MMETH +ETH 2 Only Control set unsustainably conclusion BAETH 20202 202 2020/ 20212 2021/2 2021/

ABSTRACT Maize landraces diversity is important for many smallholder and indigenous populations. Gene flow constitutes a threat to the genetic conservation of several locally adapted maize landraces and, risk management depends on monitoring transgenic occurrence in non-GM maize. This study evaluated the occurrence of exogenous proteins from GM-maize in maize landraces and teosinte cultivated in the Alto Jequitinhonha region, State of Minas Gerais. Gene flow from GM maize to non-transgenic varieties was evaluated in eight maize groups and one teosinte variety. A transgenic maize variety was used as a positive control. Proteins Cry1F and Cry2Ab2 were monitored using the Protein Detection Assay kit (Envirologix QuickStix® kit protocols for detecting Cry1F and Cry2Ab2 proteins). Transgenic proteins were not detected in the leaves of landraces and teosinte cultivated in the Alto Jequitinhonha region. populations nonGM non GMmaize region Gerais nontransgenic control CryF Cry F CryAb Ab Cry2Ab Envirologix QuickStix proteins. . proteins)

ABSTRACT In economic terms the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is considered relevant among the vegetable crops. The diversity of cultivars available today, their varying climatic requirements and climatic differences between the different producing regions, lettuce may present seasonal variations in supply and prices during agricultural years. The aim of this work was to study the seasonal variation of lettuce supply and prices practiced in the state of Minas Gerais, in the period between January 2012 and December 2017. The data were obtained from CeasaMinas and processed by the centralized moving geometric mean methodology, obtaining the minimum, average and maximum indexes for supply and prices practiced. Lettuce showed a marked seasonal variation in supply and prices, and Ceasa Great-BH presented the highest seasonal variation of price and supply indices practiced. The variations in supply and prices in the hot and rainy season, in relation to the dry season, are markedly more accentuated. It was observed that there is a relationship that follows the “Law of supply”, where in the cold periods of the year the lowest prices associated with the lowest offers were presented and in the hot periods of the year, the highest prices associated with the largest offers were presented. Lactuca L. L crops today regions years Gerais 201 2017 methodology minimum GreatBH Great BH season accentuated Law supply, , supply” 20 2

ABSTRACT The seeds and seedlings morphological differentiation is a challenge in the early stages of plant growth. This study aims to describe the physical and morphological characteristics of seeds and seedlings of Jatropha mollissima to delimit differences between other species from the same genus. The seeds were placed to germinate for morphological description and their physical characteristics were measured. The J. mollissima presented a 1000-seed weight of 332 g, 3,008 seeds per kilogram, 6.7% of moisture, 1.29 cm length, 0.84 cm width, and 0.66 cm thickness. We verified that the seeds are oval in shape; their colour is dark brown, greyish or mixed colour; they have visible raphe and hilum, and caruncle with beige coloration. The endosperm is oleaginous and involves the embryo with foliaceous and spatulate cotyledons. The embryo is axial, and the hypocotyl-radicle axis has a short cylindrical shape. Germination is epigeal and phanerocotyledonary; leaves have dimorphism and serrated margins with simple trichomes; and their apex is cuspidate or attenuated. Our research demonstrates that it is possible to differentiate J. mollissima from other species of the same genus through morphological characteristics. Therefore, this work contributes to the correct identification of the species, laboratory analysis, and field recognition. growth measured J 1000seed seed 1000 33 g 3008 3 008 3,00 kilogram 67 6 7 6.7 moisture 129 1 29 1.2 length 084 0 84 0.8 width 066 66 0.6 thickness shape brown hilum coloration cotyledons axial hypocotylradicle hypocotyl radicle phanerocotyledonary trichomes attenuated Therefore analysis recognition 100 300 00 3,0 6. 12 2 1. 08 8 0. 06 10 30 3,

ABSTRACT Considering the expressive number of commercial soybean cultivars available for cultivation in Brazil and the constant search for improvements in the production system, the objective was to evaluate the productive components and grain yield and to estimate the correlation between them in soybean cultivars sown in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, during the 2019/20 harvest. Sixteen commercial soybean cultivars were sown under their respective plant density recommendations, in a randomized block design with three replications. At the end of the cultivation cycle, the following variables were evaluated: plant height; height of insertion of the first pod; number of nodes; number of pods with one, two, three and four grains; pods per plant; grains per plant; weight of thousand grains, and; grain yield. The cultivars BMX ZEUS IPRO, NS 5445 IPRO and NS 5700 IPRO presented the highest grain yields, mainly due to the high relationship between the number of pods and grains per plant and the weight of a thousand grains. The indirect selection of more productive genotypes can be carried out through the variables weight of thousand grains, number of pods, grains and nodes per plant, given the significant positive correlation between them. system Sul 201920 2019 20 2019/2 harvest recommendations replications cycle evaluated pod one two 544 570 yields 20192 201 2 2019/ 54 57 5

ABSTRACT Flooding periods directly interfere with the availability of oxygen in the soil, affecting the aerobic processes of the plants. In this study, we aimed to: (i) characterize the effects of water excess soil on cassava growth; (ii) identify management practices that reduce the impact of water excess on cassava yield; and (iii) to know the crop potential yield for the study region in order to quantify the yield loss caused by water excess. The effects of water excess were evaluated through experiments in pots and in the field. The physiological and morphological response of cassava plants under water excess in a controllable environment indicated greater damage to cassava after exposure of 96 and 120 hours of water excess. Every 24 hours of water excess, about 20% of the plants did not emerge and, after 96 hours of excess, the emergence was null. The use of raised seedbeds was a management practice that ensured 62.6% of plant establishment, allowing cassava yields of up to 16.9 Mg ha-1. The potential yield to Santa Maria in the 2018/2019 crop year was 43.9 Mg ha-1 of cassava roots. The yield gap caused by water excess was up to 4.1 Mg ha-1. i (i growth ii (ii iii (iii field 9 12 2 20 null 626 62 6 62.6 establishment 169 16 16. ha1. ha1 ha 1. 1 20182019 2018 2019 2018/201 439 43 43. ha- roots 41 4 4. 62. 2018201 201 2018/20 201820 2018/2 20182 2018/

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the influence of climatic and geographic variables on the flowering process of flood-irrigated rice in the Midwest and North regions of Brazil. Agronomic data from the breeding program were related to the following variables: air temperature, relative humidity, global solar radiation, rainfall, degree days, latitude, longitude, and altitude. The analysis was performed using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Generalized Additive (GAM) models. Cross-validation determined the most suitable model. The GAM model showed the best performance for both regions. In the Midwest and North of Brazil, flowering was strongly influenced by climate variables related to temperature. The rise in minimum temperatures tends to advance flowering. Higher minimum accumulated temperatures tend to delay flowering. floodirrigated flood irrigated Brazil temperature humidity radiation rainfall days latitude longitude altitude MLR (MLR (GAM models Crossvalidation Cross validation

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to (i) use a combination of a definitive screening design (DSD) and a complete 33 factorial design to estimate the effects of four fertilizer supplements (factors) screened in the 1st planting cycle of Prata Gorutuba banana trees and (ii) determine whether combinations of these four factors can be identified for a future test. A DSD was combined with a complete 33 factorial scheme composed of three factors with three levels (application doses) each and three extra repetitions of the central level (commercial dose), totaling 30 experimental plots (27 + 3). The experimental area was divided into six blocks in a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 experimental plots each. The four selected factors included three soil conditioning products and a biostimulant based on seaweed extract. Experimental efficiency was maintained by performing a single trial with only 35.71% of the number of total plots used in the previous screening experiment. The results corroborated the main hypothesis of the study, i.e., that the most important factors previously screened in a previous trial could be maintained with three dose levels without altering the cultivation performance. i (i (DSD 3 (factors st ii (ii test application doses commercial dose, , dose) 27 (2 3. . 3) RBD (RBD extract 3571 35 71 35.71 experiment ie e i.e. performance 2 ( 357 7 35.7 i.e 35.

ABSTRACT Considering that the expression of sweetpotato characters may vary according to the environment, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional performance of nine genotypes in two different regions. Experiments were carried out in Itabaiana, SE and Gama, DF, in 2015/2015 and 2015/2016 crop years. The experimental design was a four-replicate randomized block design of 10 plants per row, spaced 75 cm between rows and 40 cm between plants. The treatments were the Beauregard cultivar and eight clones 6, 8, 9, 33, 50, 66, 75, 79; in addition, two local cultivars (Olho Roxo and Ourinhos) were used as controls for sugar analysis. They were evaluated for dry matter, total carotenoid and betacarotene content; and the content of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total soluble solids. Total and soluble sugars evaluations were performed only in 2015/2016. The resulting data underwent analysis of individual and pool variances, simple correlation, and grouping of treatment means by a Scott-Knott test. It was verified that dry matter, brix, total carotenoids, betacarotene, and sugar (fructose and glucose) levels were different in Itabaiana-SE and Gama-DF evaluations. These findings demonstrate the importance of regional validations of sweetpotato quality traits under different Brazilian conditions. environment regions Itabaiana Gama DF 20152015 2015 2015/201 20152016 2016 years fourreplicate four replicate 1 row 7 4 6 8 9 33 50 66 79 addition Olho Ourinhos matter fructose glucose sucrose solids variances correlation ScottKnott Scott Knott test brix carotenoids ItabaianaSE GamaDF conditions 2015201 201 2015/20 3 5 201520 20 2015/2 20152 2 2015/

ABSTRACT Synthetic fertilizers have high solubility and when leached through the soil can have environmental and economic impact. Minerals with high cationic exchange capacity, such as zeolites, can reduce nutrient loss. We compared the effect of zeolites enriched with nutrients (NH4+ and K+) and conventional fertilizers on kale growth. Experiments were conducted with 30 pots containing a substrate with: (i) nutrient-enriched zeolites and a phosphate salt (Z-NK+P); (ii) NH4+, K+ and P salts (NPK); (iii) no additional nutrients (control). After three months, we evaluated kale productivity, absorption of nutrients and nutrient loss on the percolated water. The Z-NK+P and NPK treatments had a higher kale growth and retained more water volume in the first and third month, compared to the control. The NPK treatment released more NH4+ (54%) and K+ (92.9%) in percolated water than the zeolite treatment (15.5% K+ and 22.4% NH4+) in all the comparisons and had a higher K+ concentration in its leaves than control. Both fertilizations were efficient in providing nutrients to the plants; however, zeolites present the advantage by releasing the nutrients gradually, reducing their loss and potentially minimizing environmental and economic impact. impact capacity NH4 NH (NH4 K 3 i (i nutrientenriched ZNK+P ZNKP Z NK+P NK (Z-NK+P) ii (ii (NPK) iii (iii control . (control) months productivity month 54% 54 (54% 92.9% 929 92 9 (92.9% 15.5% 155 15 5 (15.5 224 22 4 22.4 plants however gradually (NH ZNK NKP (Z-NK+P (NPK (control (54 92.9 (92.9 15.5 1 (15. 2 22. (5 92. (92. 15. (15 ( (92 (1 (9

ABSTRACT Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a method that has been widely disseminated among researchers for ensuring fast, accurate and non-destructive results. Thus, this study aimed to assess the chlorophyll a fluorescence of pepper seedlings grown from seeds that were unprimed, hydroprimed and primed with 24-EpiBL at 10-8 M after induction of salt stress at three concentrations (0.0, -0.2 and -0.4 MPa). To carry out the experiment, the Seed Reporter Camera Spectral & Color Imaging System (PhenoVation Life Sciences, Wageningen, Netherlands) was used. Three lots of seeds of the pepper cultivar ‘Biquinho’ were used. Chlorophyll fluorescence in the seedlings was evaluated on the seventh day after the seeds were subjected to different levels of salt stress. The chlorophyll fluorescence images obtained were analyzed by the CFTI - Analysis software (version 4.5). Through the data obtained it was possible to verify that, in general, there was an increase in chlorophyll a fluorescence in seedlings grown from seeds primed with 24-EpiBL. In short, the chlorophyll fluorescence technique proved to be viable and efficient, in addition to being a practical tool that can be used to support the analysis of the quality of pepper seedlings, whether or not subjected to saline stress conditions. fast nondestructive non destructive results Thus unprimed 24EpiBL EpiBL 24 108 10 8 10- 0.0, 00 0 (0.0 0.2 02 2 -0. 0.4 04 4 MPa. MPa . MPa) experiment PhenoVation Sciences Wageningen Netherlands ‘Biquinho Biquinho version 4.5. 45 4.5 5 4.5) general 24EpiBL. EpiBL. short efficient conditions 1 0.0 (0. 0. -0 4. (0 (

ABSTRACT Water stress is one of the limiting factors for obtaining maximum yield in soybean, which makes the identification of tolerant genotypes an important approach in breeding programs. The objectives of this work were evaluate soybean genotypes in conditions of water deficit, determine traits that allow the identification of genotypes tolerant to water deficit, and suggest promising crosses. Sixteen soybean genotypes were submitted to two osmotic potentials (0.0 MPa and -0.2 MPa) induced by PEG 6000 and the traits of germination and growing were evaluated. Genetic dissimilarity analysis was performed. There was genetic variability among genotypes for all traits, and significant interaction for root length, shoot and total fresh matter and dry root matter. Based on root length, it was possible to discriminate genotypes tolerant to water deficit. The cultivars BRS 7270 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, UFUS Tikuna and UFU_P32 showed higher root length and stood out for dry root, fresh shoot and total fresh matter under water stress conditions and are indicated as promising parents in crosses. programs deficit crosses 0.0 00 0 (0. 0.2 02 2 -0. 600 evaluated performed 727 IPRO 215 UFUP32 UFUP UFU P32 P UFU_P3 0. (0 -0 60 72 21 UFUP3 P3 UFU_P ( - 6 7