Abstract Pyrgotidae are a small family of Tephritoidea of worldwide distribution, whose larvae are known to be endoparasites in the abdomen of adult Scarabaeidae beetles. This study presents the first record of the family from Uruguay, represented by the Leptopyrgota albitarsisAczél, 1956 from Treinta y Tres, Quebrada de los Cuervos. Based on the study of holotypes, the following synonymy is proposed: Leptopyrgota albitarsisAczél, 1956 = Leptopyrgota definiendaBernardi, 1991, new synonym and L. liaeBernardi, 1991new synonym. Photos of the holotypes of the three studied species are presented, for the first time. distribution beetles Uruguay albitarsisAczél 195 Tres Cuervos proposed definiendaBernardi 1991 L liaeBernardi presented time 19 199 1

Abstract The type specimens of the family Disteniidae Thomson, 1861 (Coleoptera) housed at the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) are cataloged and illustrated. Photos of dorsal and ventral habitus, labels, and complete label data of all the specimens are provided. There are 147 specimens belonging to 70 names: 33 primary types, 31 holotypes, and two lectotypes; and 114 secondary types, 52 paratypes, and two paralectotypes. Elytrimitatrix (Grossifemora) Santos-Silva & Hovore, 2007 is the genus with the greatest number of species with type material, 21 species, followed by Cometes Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828 and Novantinoe Santos-Silva & Hovore, 2007 with 15 and 13 species, respectively. Thomson 186 Coleoptera (Coleoptera Zoologia MZSP (MZSP illustrated habitus labels provided 14 7 names 3 types holotypes lectotypes 11 5 paratypes paralectotypes Grossifemora (Grossifemora SantosSilva Santos Silva Hovore 200 material 2 AudinetServille, AudinetServille Audinet Serville, Serville Audinet-Serville 182 1 respectively 18 20

Abstract A fossil species of the extant colydiine genus Bulasconotus Ślipiński & Lawrence, B. carinisternus Li, Ślipiński & Cai sp. nov., is reported from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. The new species shares with extant Bulasconotus the 3 segmented antennal club, externally open procoxal cavities, and similar sculpture on the pronotum and elytra, but could be recognized by the medially carinated prosternal process. The present discovery provides a valuable example of morphological stasis in the cylindrical bark beetles. Lawrence B Li sp nov nov. midCretaceous mid Cretaceous Myanmar club cavities elytra process beetles

Abstract The members of the Calliphoridae family (Insecta: Diptera) have a meaningful impact on human and animal health, and they also have forensic significance. The objective of this work was to provide information to the health system (medical-veterinary) about the life cycle of Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by obtaining life tables that allow analysing its population fluctuations under various environmental conditions in the field and laboratory. For this aim, three replicates of each experience were generated, each consisting of full oviposition. Throughout all seasons of the year, the daily mortality of individuals, from eggs to adults, has been monitored in the field. This was contrasted with laboratory experiences using average seasonal climate data. Using the gathered information, life tables for both sexes were constructed. Most stages of development differed between the seasons investigated in the field and the laboratory, with Postfeeding Larvae and Pupa exhibiting a greater mortality. In all seasons, feeding larval mortality was extremely low. This study demonstrates that imago populations in nature are less abundant than those obtained by laboratory breeding. Despite this, the larvae are successful while eating, and this is the condition that has the biggest impact on the medical-veterinary environment. Insecta (Insecta Diptera significance medicalveterinary medical veterinary (medical-veterinary Walker (Walker (Diptera aim generated oviposition year individuals adults data constructed low breeding eating environment

Abstract Biological sound archives are a major source to investigate geographic variation in animal acoustic signals and their evolutionary drivers. The acoustic signals of anuran species with wide distribution ranges often vary geographically as a result of isolation by distance and climate amongst other factors. We examined whether the acoustic structure of call notes would vary geographically in lesser treefrogs Dendropsophus minutus using recordings from bioacoustics repositories. We also tested whether climate (mean annual temperature and annual precipitation) drive geographic variation in those signals. The acoustic distance was unrelated to geographic distance, suggesting that isolation by distance solely cannot explain geographic variation in call structure. Overall, lesser treefrogs uttered call notes with lower frequencies and bandwidths in the west of their range. In addition, frogs produced shorter call notes in hotter, wetter sites and narrow-bandwidth notes in hotter environments. We suggest that frogs produce more calls (not measured here) of shorter durations to maximize transmission and minimize the metabolic costs of calling at high air temperatures. We also suggest that hotter environments favor the propagation of lower-bandwidth calls. This study reinforces the feasibility and power of citizen science and acoustic data repositories for understanding the evolution of anuran acoustic signals. drivers factors mean precipitation Overall range addition narrowbandwidth narrow bandwidth not here temperatures lowerbandwidth

Abstract Macquart (1850) provided the original description of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (= Pangonia vulpes) based on a holotype male from Chile. His description is brief and lacks many morphological details. Therefore, herein we redescribe, in far greater detail, the holotype male of Pelecorhynchus vulpes (Macquart) and describe and illustrate, for the first time, the morphology of the male terminalia. 1850 (1850 = ( Chile details Therefore redescribe detail (Macquart illustrate time terminalia 185 (185 18 (18 1 (1

Abstract Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi is an important pest in the Semi-Arid region of Rio Grande do Norte and other states in Brazil, with Guava being its main host. Environment induced morphological changes in adult fruit flies can lead to mating incompatibilities among populations within a species. Furthermore, sexual isolation between these populations can be one of the first steps in the speciation process, as described to other tephritid fly species. Here, we compared several body measurements through analysis of variance and geometric morphometrics to assess significant morphological differences between sympatric flies from different hosts: Guava and Jua. We found significant differences in body size for both sexes of flies from the different fruit hosts, with flies from Guava being the larger. Different degrees of sexual size dimorphism of flies from each fruit has also been detected. Flies from different fruits also exhibited different wing shapes, even though the pattern of sexual shape dimorphism remained the same for both fruits. These results show the influence of the host fruits on adult fruit fly morphology, a phenomenon that must be considered when implementing pest control programs such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Further studies are needed to explore mating preference and genetic structure between these populations. SemiArid Semi Arid Brazil species Furthermore process Here hosts Jua larger detected shapes morphology SIT. SIT . (SIT) (SIT

Abstract Haminoea maray is introduced as a replacement for what was previously identified as H. elegans, now recognized as a complex comprising several species found on both sides of the Atlantic. This descriptive paper presents a comprehensive phenotypic study based on specimens collected from Ceará to São Paulo, Brazil, and had been previously recognized as a molecular variant. The newly described species inhabits estuarine environments with low salinity, exhibiting distinct conchological and anatomical features compared to other populations of H. elegans and related congeners. https://zoobank.org/936AAD86-91A6-459D-A6ED-9C3DC7F2E8FF. H Atlantic Paulo Brazil variant salinity congeners https//zoobank.org/936AAD8691A6459DA6ED9C3DC7F2E8FF. httpszoobankorg936AAD8691A6459DA6ED9C3DC7F2E8FF httpszoobankorgAADADAEDCDCFEFF https //zoobank.org/936AAD86 91A6 459D A6ED 9C3DC7F2E8FF. zoobank org 936AAD86 9C3DC7F2E8FF AAD A D ED C DC F E FF https://zoobank.org/936AAD86-91A6-459D-A6ED-9C3DC7F2E8FF 936AAD8691A6459DA6ED9C3DC7F2E8FF DA https//zoobank.org/936AAD8691A6459DA6ED9C3DC7F2E8FF httpszoobankorg zoobankorg936AAD86 zoobankorgAAD //zoobank.org/936AAD8 91A AED CDCFEFF 936AAD8 AADADAEDCDCFEFF zoobankorg zoobankorg936AAD8 //zoobank.org/936AAD 936AAD zoobankorg936AAD

Abstract Some octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) can produce a sub-millimeter to a millimeter-range skeleton of calcium carbonate, known as sclerites. Sclerites have diverse morphological characters, such as size, and shape features that give them relevance as taxonomic characters at different levels. Renilla Lamarck, 1816, is a genus of the order Pennatulacea (Octocorallia), in which colonies are characterized by two distinct zones: a peduncle, which anchors them to the substrate, and a rachis that supports the polyps. In the case of Renilla muelleri Kölliker, 1872, prior research established the presence of similar sclerites in both the peduncle and the rachis. Nevertheless, the potential morphological variations of these sclerites among colonies and within different colony regions have yet to be assessed to determine the stability of these characteristics at the species level. This study aimed to describe and compare the external microscopic morphology and biometry of the sclerites of Renilla muelleri, enhancing their identification and assessing their consistency within the species. Sclerite composition was examined across the entire colony, and we analyzed length variation among colonies using generalized linear models (GLM) and within colony zones using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Additionally, the external microscopic morphology of all sclerites was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on size, two types of sclerites, namely large and small, were identified within the colonies. Both types exhibited significant size differences among colonies. Furthermore, the large sclerites displayed notable variations between zones, with those in the rachis being the largest and holding the highest rank within the colonies. In terms of external microscopic morphology, the sclerites exhibited considerable variability, making it challenging to establish clear groupings based on these characteristics. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that both the biometry and external microscopic morphology of sclerites do not exhibit consistency as characteristics in Renilla muelleri highlighting the ambiguity in defining Renilla species. Cnidaria, Cnidaria (Cnidaria Anthozoa submillimeter sub millimeter millimeterrange range carbonate levels Lamarck 1816 Octocorallia, Octocorallia , (Octocorallia) substrate polyps Kölliker 1872 Nevertheless level GLM (GLM GLMM. GLMM . (GLMM) Additionally SEM. SEM (SEM) small Furthermore variability results 181 (Octocorallia 187 (GLMM (SEM 18 1

Abstract The type series of Leporinus paranensis includes two distinct species, one of which is herein described as new. Leporinus paranensis is redescribed based on its holotype, two paratypes, and additional specimens recently sampled in tributaries of the Grande River, in the north portion of the upper Paraná basin in Brazil. A new species of Leporinus is described based on specimens collected in all major tributaries of the upper Paraná basin in Brazil, and tributaries of the Paraná River in Paraguay. Both species share the presence of three unicuspid teeth on the premaxillary and four on the dentary, a terminal mouth and three dark midlateral blotches on the body. The new species is distinguished from L. paranensis based on the number of scale series around the caudal peduncle (12 vs. 16). Despite the similar body shape, species delimitation analyses using DNA barcodes, applied to compare samples of the new species to congeners, corroborated the uniqueness of the new species. In addition, molecular data revealed that L. bahiensis, L. octofasciatus, and L. taeniatus are possibly closely related to the L. paranensis species group. Conservation statuses of L. paranensis and the new species are recommended based on the IUCN criteria. holotype paratypes Brazil Paraguay dentary L 12 (1 vs 16. 16 . 16) shape barcodes congeners addition bahiensis octofasciatus group criteria 1 (

Abstract A new shallow-water species of the alpheid shrimp genus AlpheusFabricius, 1798 is described based on five specimens from Maceió, Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. Alpheus schubarti sp. nov., belongs to the A. paracrinitusMiers, 1881 species complex and is most closely related to the eastern Pacific A. rostratusKim & Abele, 1988, from which it can be separated by several morphological differences and the colour pattern of the major and minor chelae. shallowwater shallow water AlpheusFabricius 179 Maceió Alagoas Brazil sp nov nov. paracrinitusMiers 188 Abele 1988 chelae 17 18 198 1 19

Abstract Assassin bugs are one of the most diverse families of cimicomorphan Heteroptera and are known from all biogeographic regions. Except for the kissing bugs (Triatominae) that are hemathophagous, reduviids show a predatory behavior and are usually study as potential biocontrollers of crop pests. In this way, Harpactorines have been specially studied as they are mostly diurnal and live on the vegetation. In this contribution, the complete life cycle of Harpactor angulosus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1825) is described and illustrated. Specimens were collected in the field in El Manantial, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, and were reared in laboratory to obtain all immatures (eggs and nymphs) and to observe its feeding habits, molting, mating, and oviposition. Collection specimens as well as online resources such as iNaturalist records were also studied to know the current distribution of the species. This resulted in the expansion of H. angulosus distribution in Argentina to Tucumán and Buenos Aires provinces and to the recording of the species in Ecuador, Peru and Paraguay for the first time. Our findings reveal that H. angulosus would be studied as a potential biocontroller of Agraulis sp., an important pest of maracuyá crops in several South American countries. regions Triatominae (Triatominae hemathophagous pests way vegetation contribution Lepeletier Serville 1825 illustrated Manantial eggs nymphs habits molting mating oviposition H Ecuador time sp sp. countries 182 18 1

Abstract The use of caves and rocky walls is common for some birds, like swifts, to shelter, sleep, nest, feed, and protect themselves from predators, wind, and rain. Several environmental and ecological factors associated with the habits and adaptations of certain species allow birds to use cave environments. The White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris (Shaw, 1796) is distributed from Mexico and the Antilles south to northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazill, being frequent in areas with waterfalls and river rapids with rocky beds and crystal-clear water. Individuals live in flocks and have the habit of roosting and nesting in damp, dark caves or behind waterfalls. Herein, we aim to report the case and identify the cause of death of S. zonaris individuals found dead in a sinkhole in the State of Goiás, Brazil, in 2020. Global warming resulting from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases can alter the natural fluctuations of atmospheric circulation systems, responsible for rainfall distribution, substantially affecting rainfall and increasing the frequency of heavy rainfall events in some locations. Due to climate change and the increasing frequency of flooding records, we have raised the hypothesis and drawn attention to our record may have been originated due to these climatic events. However, we do not dismiss the hypothesis that the flooding may be due to an extreme event. The fact that S. zonaris spends the night and nests close to water bodies makes the species more susceptible to the effects of a flash flood. Further studies will be able to show the real effects of global warming on the species. swifts shelter sleep nest feed predators wind rain environments Whitecollared White collared Shaw, Shaw (Shaw 1796 Argentina Paraguay Brazill crystalclear crystal clear damp Herein S Goiás Brazil 2020 systems distribution locations records However event flood 179 202 17 20 1 2

Abstract This study is focused on the parasitic wasp Plumarius brasiliensisPenteado-Dias & Scatolini, 2003 (Hymenoptera, Plumariidae). Data assembled from 12 consecutive months of systematic samplings at Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, indicate that the largest populations of P. brasiliensis occur there in the dry season, with few specimens collected in the rainy season, which may indicate that this group or its hosts have a seasonal pattern. This species is also reported for the first time in areas of Cerrado, in the states of Minas Gerais and Maranhão; in the core of Caatinga, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte; and in transition zone between Caatinga and Cerrado, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The new distributional records in areas of Cerrado and Caatinga/Cerrado ecotone represent a significant increase in the geographic range of P. brasiliensis that can be present in about 35% of the Brazilian territory. Additionally, we provide digital images and diagnosis of this species and a map with the geographical distribution of the studied species based on the new records and literature data. brasiliensisPenteadoDias brasiliensisPenteado Dias Scatolini 200 Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Plumariidae. Plumariidae . Plumariidae) 1 Veredas Brazil P season pattern Maranhão Norte Piauí CaatingaCerrado 35 territory Additionally data 20 3 2

Abstract Phylogenies are essential for organizing knowledge on biological diversity, structuring classifications, and providing insights into evolutionary events. Worldwide phylogenetic studies on mollusks emerged in the late 1980s, while in Brazil, phylogenetic analyses of mollusks started around 2000. For unknown reasons, phylogenies of lower hierarchical taxa, such as subfamilies, tribes, and genera, are not common in Malacology. Here, we analyzed articles published by malacologists and evaluated the proportion of alpha taxonomic reviews compared to phylogenetic systematic studies conducted at Brazilian institutions and worldwide. Our searches were performed using the Web of Science and Lattes Platform databases for Brazilian studies. We found 537 systematic/taxonomic papers, of which 11% included an explicit phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, 31 of these studies described a new genus or higher taxon, but only seven included phylogenetic inferences to support taxonomic decisions. The remaining 24 studies relied on alpha taxonomic classification, focusing primarily on conchological features of group-related units. We observed that publications worldwide describing higher taxa based on phylogenetic systematics began in the 1970s, with their proportion increasing over the years. The few phylogenetic analyses published after Willi Hennig’s cladistics suggest that malacologists at Brazilian institutions have not established a tradition of Phylogenetic Systematics for studies on molluscan diversity. diversity classifications events 1980s s Brazil 2000 reasons subfamilies tribes genera Malacology Here 53 systematictaxonomic papers 11 analysis Additionally 3 taxon decisions 2 classification grouprelated group related units 1970s years Hennigs Hennig 200 5 1 20