Abstract During the Neotropical review of Celtis, a new species (Celtis atlantica) endemic and endangered to southeastern Brazil was discovered. A morphological description, a distribution map, conservation status, taxonomic notes, illustrations, and an identification key of the Celtis from the Southern Cone and Brazil are provided. atlantica discovered description map status notes illustrations provided

ABSTRACT Aristolochia hypoglauca and A. paulistana (Aristolochiaceae) are two species that inhabit the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. They highly resemble each other especially on the size and overall shape of the caudate perianth, which causes confusion in herbaria determinations. We applied geometric morphometrics (GM) to overcome this taxonomic uncertainty. GM was based on the landmark method applied to leaves of all specimens available mostly in Brazilian herbaria. The GM results supported the recognition of the two species, as the two principal components were responsible for 94.97% of the variation assessed through the principal component analysis (PCA). The Discriminant Function and the Cross-validation tests resulted in the maximum percentage of correctly classified cases (100%). The Procrustes distance (0.2252; p< 0.0001), and the Mahalanobis Distance (8.4473; p< 0.0001) provide statistical support for leaf shape differences with taxonomic significance. Thus, we revisit the taxonomy and comparative morphology of both species, and compare them with other Aristolochia species with caudate floral limb native to Brazil, and commented the phenology, distribution and habitat, and conservation status. Additionally, we proposed the epitypification of A. hypoglauca, given that the holotype does not fulfill the purpose of precise application of the name. A Aristolochiaceae (Aristolochiaceae Forest perianth determinations (GM uncertainty 9497 94 97 94.97 PCA. PCA . (PCA) Crossvalidation Cross validation 100%. 100 100% (100%) 0.2252 02252 0 2252 (0.2252 p 0.0001, 00001 0.0001 , 0001 8.4473 84473 8 4473 (8.4473 significance Thus Brazil phenology habitat status Additionally name 949 9 94.9 (PCA 10 (100% 0.225 0225 225 (0.225 0000 0.000 000 8.447 8447 447 (8.447 94. 1 (100 0.22 022 22 (0.22 0.00 00 8.44 844 44 (8.44 (10 0.2 02 2 (0.2 0.0 8.4 84 4 (8.4 (1 0. (0. 8. (8. ( (0 (8

Abstract Riverine forests have high floristic diversity and are heterogeneous, even when they are near each other. Therefore, we aimed to compare three riverine forest remnants of Southern Brazil located in the Pampa biome regarding floristic and structural biodiversity, to: i) check whether the studied forest fragments maintain heterogeneity and high floristic richness as seen in riverine forests, even when close to each other, and ii) indicate the predominant successional groups in each remnant. A total of 81 sampling units were established, and all trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 15 cm were measured. We sampled 1,659 individuals, 67 species, and 34 families. The richness and structure of the three communities differed, confirming the high heterogeneity of riverine forests. One of the remnants had a higher predominance of pioneer species and individuals, which differentiated it from the other two. The latter, in turn, showed higher similarity in floristic and structural composition, with a predominance of secondary and late successional individuals and species. Differences in soil moisture, in the size and shape of fragments may be factors that contributed to the floristic and structural diversity observed. The remnants, although small and surrounded by monocultures, are heterogeneous and important for biodiversity conservation. Therefore i ii remnant 8 established 1 measured 1659 659 1,65 6 3 families differed two latter turn composition moisture observed monocultures conservation 165 65 1,6 16 1,

ABSTRACT We discuss the importance of fern and lycophyte species in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem as well as the need for floristic inventories to understand their distribution and conservation status. We focus on the Serra do Papagaio region in southeastern Brazil, which is known for its high plant diversity but lacks comprehensive inventories of ferns and lycophytes. In this study, we conducted a floristic inventory of Serra do Papagaio and identified 172 fern and 29 lycophyte species. Our findings reveal 21 threatened species and two new records for Minas Gerais State. Additionally, we compared the floristic composition of Serra do Papagaio with that of other areas within the Atlantic Forest using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) analyses. The results highlight distinct clusters of areas based on elevation and geographic location. We emphasize the need for further sampling and conservation efforts in Serra do Papagaio as well as provide valuable insights into the drivers of fern and lycophyte diversity in the Atlantic Forest. status Brazil lycophytes study 17 2 State Additionally nonmetric non metric NMDS (NMDS GDM (GDM analyses location 1

Abstract This study aimed to identify fusarioid fungi in the soils of sustainably managed agricultural areas and a fragment of the Brazilian Caatinga, both in a semi-arid region of Brazil. We provide a survey of peer-reviewed papers reporting the substrates, hosts, and geographic regions in Brazil in which the identified species were of agricultural interest. Soil samples were collected in July 2019, February 2020, and July 2020 from different agroecosystems and a fragment of the Brazilian Caatinga in rural Triunfo, Brazil. Fusarioid fungi were obtained by serial dilution of soil and colony purification using single-conidial culturing. Maximum likelihood evaluation (ML) based on sequences from the tef1-α gene was used to identify fusarioid fungi. The distribution of these species in other agroecosystems and the natural environment in Brazil was assessed by an extensive search of the literature available in public databases. Fusarium annulatum, F. verticillioides, F. lacertarum, and Neocosmospora vasinfecta were identified. These species are distributed throughout Brazil and are registered as plant pathogens, mainly in areas with conventional agriculture. These data reinforce the importance of sustainable soil management in agricultural areas and expand our knowledge of the behavior of these microorganisms in environments without human interference. semiarid semi arid peerreviewed peer reviewed substrates hosts interest 2019 202 Triunfo singleconidial single conidial culturing ML (ML tef1α tefα tef1 α tef databases annulatum F verticillioides lacertarum pathogens agriculture interference 201 20 2

Abstract Grangea maderaspatana is a valuable medicinal plant growing in salt-affected areas, but its tolerance capability, physiological and biochemical responses to salinity is still unclear. To understand these traits, this study examined effects of salinity at different levels (50-400 mM NaCl) on plant growth and its responses. The results shown that the plant’s dry biomass decreased with increasing salinity levels of 100-400 mM NaCl, but its growth was maintained at 400 mM NaCl level with a dry biomass equal to 0.45 times that of the control, indicating that G. maderaspatana had a tolerance ability to high salinity. The plant also had adaptive responses to the salinity. The content of leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids were retained, even enhanced by 50-200 mM NaCl, suggesting a high adaptation of photosynthesis. Proline, Na+, and Cl- was highly accumulated while the accumulation of K+ and NO3 - was maintained with 200-400 mM NaCl, indicating that the plant had adaptive mechanisms for osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis. Antioxidative activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were enhanced by the salinity. These findings are useful information for understanding salt tolerance mechanisms and for utilization of this medicinal plant in saline agriculture. saltaffected affected areas capability unclear traits 50400 50 (50-40 plants s 100400 100 100-40 40 045 0 45 0.4 control G retained 50200 200 50-20 photosynthesis Proline Na Na+ Cl K NO 200400 200-40 homeostasis catalase dismutase agriculture 5040 5 (50-4 10040 10 100-4 4 04 0. 5020 20 50-2 20040 200-4 504 (50- 1004 1 100- 502 2 50- 2004 200- (50 (5 (

Abstract Seaweeds have been used by several industrial sectors, such as the food, feed, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. Thereby, techniques to increase seaweed production are needed due to the rising global demand for biomass. Thus, we investigated the effects of different weekly nutrient pulses [N and P at ratios of 10:1 (T1), 20:2 (T2), and 50:5 (T3)] on the biomass, relative growth rate (RGR) and biochemical composition of Gracilaria domingensis. A control without nutrient pulses was also established. The highest biomass values were recorded in T1. The RGR was more constant in T1 and T2 than in T3 throughout the cultivation. Significant decreases in RGR were observed in the control compared to the other treatments, and null RGR was recorded in T3. Regarding the seaweed biochemical composition, the lowest carbohydrate and lipid content and the highest ash content were recorded in T1. In our study, G. domingensis showed nutritional values similar or even superior to those reported for other seaweeds used as food. We concluded that T1 is the most suitable treatment to increase G. domingensis production. In addition to being the least expensive treatment, in T1, G. domingensis exhibited the highest biomass values, constant RGR, and nutritional composition suitable for human consumption. sectors food feed industries Thereby Thus N 101 10 1 10: T , (T1) 202 20 2 20: T2, (T2) 505 50 5 50: (T3) (RGR established cultivation treatments study G consumption (T1 (T2 (T3 (T

Abstract Although some studies have investigated the effect of climate change in the Caatinga biome, Brazil, its impacts on cactus species are yet to be understood entirely. We assessed if cactus species in the Caatinga biome will benefit from or be harmed by climate change in the coming decades. We modeled the distribution of Tacinga inamoena and Tacinga palmadora, two cactus species native to seasonally dry tropical forest. We evaluated these species’ range dynamics in two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP), SSP2 and SSP5, for two time periods centered in 2050 and 2070. For this purpose, we used the Maximum Entropy and Boosted Regression Trees tools to model the species distribution. The results indicated a continuous and significant contraction of the species range in the face of climate changes. We estimated that 65% of the range of T. inamoena and 27% of T. palmadora would be lost in the most critical scenario, SSP5/2070. Climate variables, such as annual precipitation and maximum temperature of warmest month, mainly drove this contraction. Results showed a high overlap in potential refugia areas with the target species. Our results can help protect refugia for cacti species, especially those of the genus Tacinga, throughout the Caatinga biome. Brazil entirely decades forest SSP, SSP , (SSP) SSP5 205 2070 purpose changes 65 T 27 scenario SSP52070 SSP5/2070 variables month (SSP 20 207 6 2 SSP5207 SSP5/207 SSP520 SSP5/20 SSP52 SSP5/2 SSP5/

ABSTRACT Baru tree (Dipteryx alata) is an arboreal, fruitful plant native to the Cerrado biome with an important socioeconomic impact. Populations of this species are a good model to study anthropogenic disturbances on the biome through the genetic information. In this study, we developed seven new polymorphic microsatellite markers for D. alata, using an enriched genomic library. We performed loci characterization in three populations, obtaining a total of 49 alleles, with an average of 5 to 5.57 alleles per locus. A significant content of polymorphic information was obtained, as indicated by the average expected heterozygosity (uHE), with a total average of 0.58 to 0.65 per locus. The average value of the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was also high, with a total average of 0.73 to 0.85 per locus. Some of the loci are in linkage disequilibrium, such as DalatG6 with DalatB3, DalatH3 and DalatB4. The estimate of the combined loci for the probability of paternity exclusion obtained an average value of 1.00 for all loci, and the average combined probability of identity, the values were (1.210^-5) to (4.410^-6). All markers are informative and suitable for studies on genetic diversity and population structure, aiming at the conservation and management of the species. Dipteryx alata arboreal impact D library populations 4 557 57 5.5 locus uHE, uHE , (uHE) 058 0 58 0.5 065 65 0.6 Ho (Ho high 073 73 0.7 085 85 0.8 disequilibrium DalatG DalatB3 DalatB DalatH DalatB4 100 1 00 1.0 identity 1.210^5 12105 1.210^ 210 (1.210^-5 4.410^6. 44106 4.410^ 6 . 410 (4.410^-6) structure 55 5. (uHE 05 0. 06 07 7 08 8 10 1. 1210 1.210 21 (1.210^- 4.410^6 4410 4.410 41 (4.410^-6 121 1.21 2 (1.210^ 441 4.41 (4.410^- 12 1.2 (1.210 44 4.4 (4.410^ (1.21 4. (4.410 (1.2 (4.41 (1. (4.4 (1 (4. ( (4

ABSTRACT The development of scaly buds (= cataphylls) has been traditionally associated with seasonally cold climates, although only few species from the southern hemisphere were investigated in this regard. The present work focuses on apical and axillary buds of seven tree species native to the South-American Temperate Rainforests (STR). Due to differences in the lineages from which these species derived, high levels of inter-specific variation in bud structure were expected. Apical and axillary buds were dissected under stereomicroscope, and the sizes of their parent shoots were evaluated. Cataphylls and leaf primordia were counted, and the presence of colleters and/or trichomes registered. Both intra- and inter-specific variations in bud structure were found. The apical buds were scaly in two out of seven species, and naked in the other species. Axillary buds were scaly in all but one species. In general terms, larger shoots developed buds with more organs. The presence of colleters (in four species) was not restricted to those buds lacking an outer cover of cataphylls. Further studies should focus on the relevance at a broader scale of colleters and trichomes as protective structures in tree buds. = ( cataphylls climates regard SouthAmerican South American STR. STR . (STR) derived interspecific inter specific expected stereomicroscope evaluated counted andor or registered intra found terms organs (STR

ABSTRACT Diploschistes pakistanicus sp. nov. is described from the Himalayan moist temperate forest, Pakistan. ITS sequences confirm its position within the genus Diploschistes and, together with its morphology and chemistry, suggest that it is separate from other species of this genus. The taxon is characterized by grey to greyish white pruinose thallus, perithecioid-type ascomata, small apothecia 0.1‒0.4 mm wide, hypothecium 20‒25µm thick, ascus of 85‒110 × 9‒17 µm in size, 3‒5 transverse and 2‒4 longitudinal septa in large ascospores 42‒55 × 18‒30; also differing from related species in ITS region. sp nov forest Pakistan chemistry thallus perithecioidtype perithecioid type ascomata 0104 0 1 4 0.1‒0. wide 2025µm 20 25µm thick 85110 85 110 85‒11 917 9 17 9‒1 size 35 3 5 3‒ 24 2 2‒ 4255 42 55 42‒5 18‒30 1830 18 30 region 010 0.1‒0 8511 8 11 85‒1 91 9‒ 425 42‒ 18‒3 183 01 0.1‒ 851 85‒ 18‒ 0.1 0.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify plant species visited by Apis mellifera L. in honey producing areas with typical Caatinga vegetation in the State of Bahia, as well as morphologically characterize pollen grains of the most representative species. Flowering specimens were collected from both areas, herborized, identified and deposited at the HUNEB herbarium. Analyses of floristic similarities were performed between eleven municipalities close to the study areas. Pollen was collected from all specimens, acetolyzed, measured, statistically analyzed, morphologically described, and photographed in light microscopy. Of the total of species recorded, 67.46 % were regarded as having beekeeping importance, with the richest botanical families being Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Asteraceae. Additionally, 37.5 % of the recorded species were herbs. The analyzed municipalities showed 84 % of floristic similarity. Of the total species recorded with visits by A. mellifera, 25.52 % had their pollen grains already described in the literature as monads, tetrads and polyads; isopolar, apolar and heteropolar; and mostly prolate spheroidal shape. Sizes varied from small to large, and the amb circular was predominant. The exine ornamentation was greatly diversified, varying from psilate to echinate. The obtained data corroborate the palynological knowledge of plants regarded as having beekeeping importance within the Caatinga. L Bahia herborized herbarium acetolyzed measured microscopy 6746 67 46 67.4 Fabaceae Asteraceae Additionally 375 37 5 37. herbs 8 similarity A 2552 25 52 25.5 monads polyads isopolar heteropolar shape large predominant diversified echinate 674 6 4 67. 3 255 2 25.

ABSTRACT Microsatellites are short sequence repeats that make up the genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They are of great importance as DNA markers for studies in several fields of genetics. In the present review, we searched for studies published in the five years period of 2017 to 2021 regarding the use of microsatellites in studies with forest tree species from the Brazilian biomes, in order to examine the importance of these markers for forest resources conservation. We searched scientific papers in journals indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science databases. There were found 38 peer reviewed articles that used microsatellites in the Brazilian biomes. The Atlantic Forest was the biome with more studies (35.9 %) and most of the studies were published in 2018 (34.2 %). In addition, most of the studied species belonged to the Fabaceae family (34.2 %). The conclusions and recommendations made in these studies ratify the great contribution of microsatellite markers in the conservation of native forest species in Brazilian biomes. prokaryotes genetics review 201 202 biomes databases 3 35.9 359 35 9 (35. % 34.2 342 34 2 (34. %. . addition 20 35. (35 34. (34 (3 (

ABSTRACT Stachytarpheta is the second largest genus of Verbenaceae, mainly distributed in xeric habitats of South America. The morphological revision of South American specimens clarified the taxonomic identity of three previously accepted species from informal group Gesnerioides: S. sprucei (from the Amazon Forest domain), S. alata, and S. tomentosa (from the Atlantic Forest domain). A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed here, with the synonymization of S. alata and S. tomentosa under S. sprucei. Consequently, the newly circumscribed S. sprucei evidences a remarkable geographic disjunction, with populations separated by the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco domains (the South American dry diagonal). It inhabits inselbergs, tepuis, and savannas in the Amazon Forest domain, and top of inselbergs surrounded by forest in the Atlantic Forest domain. A detailed species description, taxonomic comments, a geographic distribution map, photos of living specimens, and an identification key to the species from the Gesnerioides group are included. Verbenaceae America S domain , domain) . here Consequently disjunction Caatinga Cerrado diagonal. diagonal diagonal) tepuis description comments map included