Abstract Hymenaea stigonocarpa (“jatobá-do-cerrado”) is a fruit species native to the Brazilian Cerrado indicated as a priority for research and sustainable exploitation. The present study aimed to characterize the accessions and evaluate the magnitude and distribution of the genetic variability of an in vivo germplasm collection of this species. The experimental material consisted of 336 accessions, from 119 maternal progenies, from 24 subpopulations, sampled over a wide area in the Cerrado. The traits plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and number of leaves were evaluated based on 11 measurements, over 28 months. The growth dynamics varied over time, with greater development in the rainy season. There was a significant difference among subpopulations for all growth traits, showing the potential for selection among provenances in a breeding program. The structuring of quantitative genetic differentiation among subpopulations is compatible with the variation expected by genetic drift, with no sign of divergent selection. jatobádocerrado jatobá do cerrado (“jatobá-do-cerrado” exploitation 33 progenies 2 height diameter 1 measurements months time season program drift (“jatobá-do-cerrado 3

Abstract To exploit the genetic potential of cherry tomato, it is crucial to comprehend the inheritance pattern of qualitative and quantitative traits. Six genetic populations created from four crosses between pairs of cherry tomato and purple-fruited tomato genotypes were used to study the genetics of fruit colour and the nature of gene action for quantitative traits in cherry tomatoes. The study indicated purple fruit colour was dominant over red and yellow fruit colour in cherry tomatoes and was conditioned by mongenic dominant gene. Quantitative trait inheritance was governed by non-additive gene action and duplicate epistasis. It is advised to use the modified bulk selection strategy, in which selection is conducted only when homozygosity has been attained for the majority of the heterozygous loci. However, the ideal method for developing cherry tomato hybrids with purple-coloured fruit is to involve at least one purple-fruited parent in the cross. purplefruited fruited nonadditive non additive epistasis strategy loci However purplecoloured coloured cross

Abstract We investigated the genetic control of the three yield components in cowpea: number of grains per pod, pod length and grain size, in a biparental cross. Genetic parameters were estimated in generations of a cross between two contrasting genitors, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from 27% to 67%, suggesting that genetic gains can be achieved with selection. Pod length and grain size had the highest heritability values and genetic gains. The number of grains per pod is highly affected by the environment. Dominance was detected for all traits, mainly for pod length. However, additive gene effects accounted for more than 68% of the variation in all traits, which are controlled by at least 10 genes. It is possible to improve the evaluated traits via conventional breeding approaches, although large population sizes will be required in breeding stages. cowpea genitors replications Narrowsense Narrow sense 27 67 67% selection environment However 68 1 genes approaches stages 2 6

Abstract The objective of this study was to introduce new cultivars of Capsicum frutescens L. (pepper) with resistance to anthracnose. 'UNEMAT Pedro' is characterized by its red fruits, while 'UNEMAT Malagueta Pantaneira' is hybrid with orange‒red fruits. Both cultivars exhibit a semi-perennial growth cycle, a pungent fruit flavour, and high productivity. L pepper (pepper anthracnose UNEMAT Pedro fruits Pantaneira orangered orange semiperennial semi perennial cycle flavour productivity

Abstract Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a major global crop. Genetic modification of this crop can contribute to enhance yields, reduce pesticide use, and facilitate sustainability, but there is a need for locally adapted genetically modified varieties. Glyphosate tolerant soybean developed under an agbiogeneric model is an attractive prospect as the technology is now mostly in the public domain. This research evaluates the potential for transformation of three soybean varieties (BR1, BR2, and FNS) and an established variety (SK7). The study investigates the interaction between these genotypes and two A. tumefaciens strains, establishes a selection protocol using glyphosate, compares two explant types and evaluates a bacterial removal protocol. Our findings highlight the importance of plant genotype and bacterial strain specificity in the transformation process, with variety BR1 consistently showing the best performance. While challenges remain, this study advances in the development of glyphosate-tolerant soybean varieties as agbiogenerics. Glycine L. L yields use sustainability domain BR1, BR (BR1 BR2 FNS SK7. SK7 SK . (SK7) A strains glyphosate process performance remain glyphosatetolerant agbiogenerics (BR (SK7 (SK

Abstract Identification of early haploids is necessary to increase the efficiency of the double haploid production. The objectives were to determine the effectiveness of early selection of haploid seedling and to investigate the haploid inducers and donor tropical supersweet corn interactions, based on stomatal guard cell length. Two haploid inducers, three supersweet corn populations and its six combinations of F1's diploid and haploid, classified based on the expression of the R1-navajo gene and by the colors of the first leaf sheath in seedlings at the V2 stage, were used. From each seedling of the treatments, external epidermal impressions were taken to measure the stomatal guard cell length. F1 haploids showed a 32.7% to 38.2% reduction in guard cell length compared to F1 diploids. The parents contributed differently to reduce or increase guard cell length in the F1's combinations, but without specific interactions between parents. production F1s Fs s F R1navajo Rnavajo R1 navajo R V stage used treatments 327 32 7 32.7 382 38 2 38.2 diploids 3 32. 38.

Abstract In Brazil, lima bean is mainly grown in the Northeast region, where it is widely consumed and is of major economic importance. We evaluated different Phaseolus lunatus accessions from the Northeast of Brazil using agromorphological markers and CMA/DAPI fluorochrome banding techniques. All the accessions showed CMA+ blocks of pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin (CH). At least one pair of CMA++ terminal marks corresponds to the nucleolus organizer region (NORs). Characterization of the seeds suggests that the two Andean and Mesoamerican Phaseolus cultigroups are represented in the Brazilian germplasm analyzed. Most of them belong to the "Big Lima" group. Characterization studies of lima bean germplasm are important for increasing knowledge of the diversity and variability of the species and for generating useful information for breeding and conservation of this economically important legume. importance CMADAPI CMA DAPI techniques CH. CH . (CH) NORs. NORs (NORs) analyzed Big Lima group legume (CH (NORs

Abstract Microsatellites have been widely used to genotype individuals and to address a myriad of biological questions in many research fields for decades. However, when implementing a microsatellite marker analysis routine from scratch, various problems can arise throughout the process from DNA extraction to allele scoring, including inputting errors in the database, decreasing the reliability of results and having profound negative impacts on the derived decisions. Therefore, correctly assigning a genotype to a sample is crucial and dependent on acquiring knowledge of the technique steps, such as the chemistry of reactions, software, and data curation. This study tested two previously constructed simple sequence repeat (SSR) sets containing ten primer pairs each (ten-plex) in 1142 maize genotypes. Here, we describe the challenges faced when implementing this microsatellite-based genotyping protocol in our laboratory and possible ways to overcome them, hopefully aiding other novice research teams in this field. decades However scratch scoring database decisions Therefore steps reactions software curation SSR (SSR tenplex plex (ten-plex 114 genotypes Here microsatellitebased based them field 11 1

Abstract This study aimed to select recombinant lines and explore phenotypic and genotypic correlations using BLUP. It was conducted in Capão do Leão/RS during two years, in an incomplete block design with intercalary controls, with four replications. 131 and 128 RILs were tested in the F6 in the F7 generations, respectively. Plant height; days to flowering; panicle length; number of panicles per plant; number of fertile and sterile spikelets per panicle; one hundred grains weight; yield per plant; broken, chalky, white-belly and red-streaked grains; vitreous whiteness; gelatinization temperature; and apparent amylose content were obtained. According to the study, line F105 is an elite line for improving grain quality, exhibiting high amylose content (27.041%). Canonical (r=0.817), phenotypic (0.541) and genotypic (0.808) correlations inferred that groups of grain quality and agronomic traits were not independent and there was a tendency for the amylose content to be associated with grain yield. BLUP LeãoRS Leão RS years controls replications 13 12 F generations respectively height flowering length plant weight broken chalky whitebelly white belly redstreaked red streaked whiteness temperature obtained F10 27.041%. 27041 27.041% . 27 041 (27.041%) r=0.817, r0817 r r=0.817 , 0 817 (r=0.817) 0.541 0541 541 (0.541 0.808 0808 808 (0.808 1 F1 2704 27.041 2 04 (27.041% r081 r=0.81 81 (r=0.817 0.54 054 54 (0.54 0.80 080 80 (0.80 270 27.04 (27.041 r08 r=0.8 8 (r=0.81 0.5 05 5 (0.5 0.8 08 (0.8 27.0 (27.04 r0 r=0. (r=0.8 0. (0. 27. (27.0 r=0 (r=0. (0 (27. r= (r=0 ( (27 (r= (2 (r

Abstract Hanyou 3015 is a new Indica hybrid of water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR), combining rapid maturation and high yield potential. Whole genome sequencing results show that Hanyou 3015 carries many superior alleles that could explain its drought tolerance, high water use efficiency, rapid maturation, and wide adaptability. 301 watersaving saving droughtresistance resistance WDR, WDR , (WDR) potential tolerance efficiency adaptability 30 (WDR 3

Abstract Identifying a stable high-yielding variety is challenging. This paper reports high-yielding and stable durum wheat candidates identified using AMMI, GGE biplot models, and stability parameters. Twenty-five lines were evaluated in 13 environments in 2018 and 2019 using a triplicate row-column design. AMMI, stability, and GGE biplot analyses were conducted using packages in the R statistical software. AMMI indicated highly significant effects of environments, genotypes, and their interactions on grain yield. The highest proportion of the total sum of squares accounted for by the environment (42.3%), followed by the genotype by environment interaction (26.7%), may suggest the presence of diverse environments grouped into mega-environments. The environments fell into three sectors on the which-won-where view of the biplot and they were grouped into two mega-environments. Genotypes 5 and 15 were the highest yielding and most stable among all and are recommended as candidate varieties for the midlands to highlands of Ethiopia. highyielding high challenging models parameters Twentyfive Twenty five 1 201 rowcolumn row column design software genotypes yield 42.3%, 423 42.3% , 42 3 (42.3%) 26.7%, 267 26.7% 26 7 (26.7%) megaenvironments. megaenvironments mega environments. mega-environments whichwonwhere which won where Ethiopia 20 42.3 4 (42.3% 26.7 2 (26.7% 42. (42.3 26. (26.7 (42. (26. (42 (26 (4 (2 (

Abstract Families of 38 month-old Calycophyllum spruceanum planted at three locations in the Peruvian Amazon were analyzed for breeding purpose. Significant differences were detected among families, sites and combined sites for the traits trunk diameter (D), height (H), number of nodes (NN), number of branches (NB) and survival rate (SUR), except for NN at site 2 and SUR at site 3 and combined sites. The correlation of the genotype-environment interaction was simple for D, H, NN, and SUR (0.77-0.89). Heritability was generally highest for D, H, NN, and NB (0.12-0.7), and the genotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 8.6-27.4%. Genetic correlations between these traits within and among sites ranged from 0.35-1.0. The selection of 75 trees from different families, within blocks and locations, suggested the possibility of genetic gains (6.1-29.8%) for D, H, NN, and NB, and that the remaining effective population size can be exploited in future selection cycles. monthold month old purpose families D , (D) H (H) (NN) (NB SUR, (SUR) genotypeenvironment genotype environment 0.770.89. 077089 0.77 0.89 . 0 77 89 (0.77-0.89) 0.120.7, 01207 0.12 0.7 12 7 (0.12-0.7) 8.627.4%. 86274 8.6 27.4%. 8 6 27 4 8.6-27.4% 0.351.0. 03510 0.35 1.0. 35 1 0.35-1.0 6.129.8% 61298 6.1 29.8% 29 (6.1-29.8% cycles (D (H (NN (SUR 770 0.770.89 07708 077 089 0.8 (0.77-0.89 120 0.120.7 0120 012 0.1 07 0. (0.12-0.7 627 8.627.4% 8627 86 8. 274 27.4% 8.6-27.4 351 0.351.0 0351 035 0.3 10 1.0 0.35-1. 129 6.129.8 6129 61 6. 298 29.8 (6.1-29.8 0.770.8 0770 08 (0.77-0.8 0.120. 01 (0.12-0. 62 8.627.4 862 27.4 8.6-27. 0.351. 03 1. 0.35-1 6.129. 612 29. (6.1-29. 0.770. (0.77-0. 0.120 (0.12-0 8.627. 27. 8.6-27 0.351 0.35- 6.129 (6.1-29 0.770 (0.77-0 (0.12- 8.627 8.6-2 6.12 (6.1-2 (0.77- (0.12 8.62 8.6- (6.1- (0.77 (0.1 (6.1 (0.7 (0. (6. (0 (6 (

Abstract Deep purple is an open-pollinated variety, well adapted to tropical conditions, developed to induce maternal haploids in maize. The founders were W23, Stock6, and an experimental tropical maize population. The inducer population inherits the dominant the R1-nj marker, and the expected real haploid induction rate is 3%. openpollinated open pollinated variety conditions W23 W Stock6 Stock R1nj Rnj R1 nj R marker 3 3% W2

Abstract The goal of this research was to evaluate the flooding tolerance of sugarcane genotypes under recurring floods of both plant and ratoon canes. Control and recurring flood conditions were compared using 10 sugarcane genotypes. As a result of the flooding, cane height increased and tillering decreased. Flooding reduced cane yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield, as well as the percentage of polarization (POL), purity, and CCS in sugarcane juice. Sugarcane flood tolerance varied by genotype, with KPS01-4-29 and SP94-2-483 having the highest flooding tolerance index and KK07-037, K95-84, and KK07-599 having the highest yield under flooded conditions. Furthermore, under flooded conditions, a relationship between yield traits, cane height, and cane number was observed in sugarcane (r = 0.45* to 0.92**). As a result of our research, flood-tolerant sugarcane genotypes could be selected. Sugarcane genotype selection for flooding tolerance could include cane height and cane number as indirect traits. canes 1 decreased (CCS POL, POL , (POL) purity juice KPS01429 KPS KPS01 4 29 KPS01-4-2 SP942483 SP SP94 2 483 SP94-2-48 KK07037, KK07037 KK KK07 037, 037 KK07-037 K9584, K9584 K K95 84, 84 K95-84 KK07599 599 KK07-59 Furthermore traits r 045 0 45 0.45 0.92**. 092 0.92** . 92 0.92**) floodtolerant tolerant selected (POL KPS0142 KPS0 KPS01-4- SP94248 SP9 48 SP94-2-4 KK0703 KK0 03 KK07-03 K958 K9 8 K95-8 KK0759 59 KK07-5 04 0.4 09 0.92* 9 KPS014 KPS01-4 SP9424 SP94-2- KK070 KK07-0 K95- KK075 5 KK07- 0. 0.92 KPS01- SP942 SP94-2 0.9 SP94-

Abstract Genetically modified (GM) crops have been on the market for almost 27 years and since the beginning have been protected by intellectual property (IP) rights that restrict their use and commercialization by third parties. In addition, their development is typically associated with elevated costs, making their production by public research institutions extremely difficult, especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, many patents for the first generation of GM crops have already expired, and others will do so soon, opening the path to generic GM crops. Using technologies in the public domain makes it possible to deliver GM seeds adapted to the local environment at affordable prices. This paper describes the development of the first Latin American off-patent GM corn and discusses the relevant IP and regulatory issues that allowed its commercial release in Colombia. The approach exposed here can be utilized for other crops or characteristics of agronomic interest. (GM 2 (IP parties addition costs difficult countries Nevertheless expired soon prices offpatent off patent Colombia interest