Resumo Este artigo aborda as mudanças estruturais e o funcionamento das armações baleeiras da Ilha de Itaparica, após o fim do exclusivo colonial. Sua dimensão temporal delimita-se entre 1814 e 1890. A forma como foram reabertas, as relações de trabalho, as atividades produtivas agregadas às armações e o engajamento dos libertos na baleação são questões centrais na análise do texto. As fontes usadas foram inventários, testamentos, livros de notas, relatório de governo da capitania e presidente de província, processos criminais, jornais, registro de batismo e mapa estatístico. Itaparica colonial delimitase delimita se 181 1890 reabertas trabalho texto inventários testamentos notas província criminais jornais estatístico 18 189 1

Abstract This article addresses the structural changes and the functioning of the whaling structures on the Island of Itaparica, after the end of colonial exclusive rights. Its temporal dimension is delimited between 1814 and 1890. The way in which they were reopened, the work relationships, the productive activities added to the frames and the freedmen’s engagement in whaling are central questions in the analysis of the text. The sources used were inventories, wills, notebooks, reports from the government of the captaincy and the president of the province, criminal proceedings, newspapers, baptism records, and statistical maps. Itaparica rights 181 1890 reopened relationships freedmens freedmen s text inventories wills notebooks province proceedings newspapers records maps 18 189 1

Resumo O texto analisa como o tema do governo das províncias foi tratado na Assembleia Constituinte do Império do Brasil, instalada em maio de 1823, no Rio de Janeiro. Sua ideia central é que, diante do projeto monárquico capitaneado por D. Pedro como imperador, a Casa legislativa furtou-se, nesse momento, de enquadrar a questão das províncias como um problema propriamente constitucional. Longe de parecer uma mera questão retórica, discutiremos como, na época, houve uma artimanha política em priorizar sua discussão antes mesmo que estivessem presentes na Casa legislativa um maior número dos representantes esperados; o que deu margem à aprovação de uma proposta de governo provincial que atendia menos aos direitos locais, e mais aos defensores da proposta imperial. Apontaremos como essa ação deixaria marcas no tema Império adentro. Brasil 1823 Janeiro D imperador furtouse, furtouse furtou se, se furtou-se momento constitucional retórica época esperados locais imperial adentro 182 18 1

Abstract The text analyzes how the issue of the government of the provinces was treated in the Constituent Assembly of the Empire of Brazil, installed in May 1823, in Rio de Janeiro. Its central idea is that, in the face of the monarchical project led by D. Pedro as emperor, the Legislative House refrained, at that moment, from framing the question of the provinces as a properly constitutional problem. Far from seeming like a mere rhetorical question, we will discuss how, at the time, there was a political trick in prioritizing its discussion even before a greater number of the expected representatives were present in the legislative House; This gave rise to the approval of a proposal for a provincial government that paid less attention to local rights, and more to the defenders of the imperial proposal. We will point out how this action would leave marks on the Empire inward. Brazil 1823 Janeiro D emperor refrained moment problem time rights inward 182 18 1

Abstract Islands attract or stimulate conceptual innovation. They have been and continue to be attractive as economic, political, ecological or social laboratories. For navigators of all times, they have been connecting posts -true oases in oceanic deserts- or ideal places to confine the sick or captives. Since the dawn of the 21st century, they have regained centrality as a location for studies where the idea of laboratory, microanalysis and also the trends of global and connected history intersect: they allow the study of the crossroads between geographical conditions and human actions; scattered all over the planet (both existing and “ghost” ones), they are points of passage of world traffic and also frequent devices in sovereign conflicts since long before the existence of nation states. This article notes their reappearance on the world historiographical agenda and asks about their heuristic value for the regional history of the American Southeast during the colonial period. innovation economic political laboratories times true deserts captives st century laboratory intersect actions both ghost “ghost ones, ones , ones) states period

Resumen Las islas atraen o estimulan la innovación conceptual; han sido y continúan siendo atractivas como laboratorio económico, político, ecológico o social. Para los navegantes de todos los tiempos, fueron lugares de conexión -verdaderos oasis en los desiertos oceánicos- o lugares ideales para confinar enfermos o cautivos. Desde los albores del siglo XXI, recuperaron centralidad como locación de estudios donde se entrecruzan la idea de laboratorio, de microanálisis y también las tendencias de historia global y conectada: permiten estudiar acotadamente los cruces entre condición geográfica y acciones humanas; esparcidas por todo el planeta (tanto las existentes como las “fantasma”) constituyen puntos de paso del tráfico mundial y también dispositivos frecuentes en conflictos soberanos desde mucho antes de la existencia de los estados nación. Este artículo señala su reaparición en la agenda historiográfica mundial y se pregunta por su valor heurístico para la historia regional del sureste americano durante el período colonial. conceptual económico político social tiempos verdaderos oceánicos cautivos XXI conectada humanas tanto fantasma “fantasma” nación colonial “fantasma

Abstract The idea of nation -and nationalism- has been long discussed. Some authors coincide in emphasizing that the notion of nation is historically changing and conflictive. In this framework, the construction and updating of the idea of nation requires devices that determine which elements (material and symbolic), as well as subjects are included in it. In this sense, we can understand celebrations and commemorations as such devices that allow us to investigate the construction of nation and how it is reproduced and who is included. In Argentina during the year 2010 the bicentennial of the May revolution was celebrated. A series of public policies and funds were allocated for this purpose on a national scale while others emerged from the provincial and municipal states. In this context, we are interested in analyzing what types of actions and events were organized at these other scales and what elements and narratives were configured to articulate the local with the national and how it is reproduced and in what terms the notion of a “white and European” nation despite the new readings that from different spaces and actors seek to stress. To do this, we propose as a case study the Exaltación de la Cruz district (Buenos Aires province), based on examining the events that took place in its main city that in the 1990s its historic center was recognized as national Heritage. nationalism discussed conflictive framework material symbolic, symbolic , symbolic) sense 201 celebrated states context white European stress Buenos province, province province) s Heritage 20 2

Resumen La idea de nación - y nacionalismo - ha sido largamente discutida. Algunas propuestas coinciden en destacar que esta noción es históricamente cambiante y conflictiva. En este marco, su construcción y reactualización precisa de dispositivos que determinen qué elementos (materiales y simbólicos) y sujetos se incluyen en esta noción. En este sentido podemos entender a las celebraciones y conmemoraciones como tales dispositivos que nos posibilitan indagar en las nociones que se visibilizan y reproducen sobre un país. En Argentina durante el año 2010 se celebró el Bicentenario de la Revolución de Mayo. Una serie de políticas públicas y fondos fueron destinadas para dicho fin a escala nacional, mientras otras emergieron desde los estados provinciales y municipales. En este contexto, nos interesa analizar qué tipos de acciones, eventos, se organizaron en esas otras escalas, qué elementos, narrativas, se configuraron para articular lo local con lo nacional y cómo se reproduce la noción de una Argentina “blanca y europea” a pesar de las nuevas lecturas que buscan tensionar desde diferentes espacios y actores. Para ello, proponemos como estudio de caso el partido de Exaltación de la Cruz (provincia de Buenos Aires), a partir de examinar los eventos efectuados en su ciudad cabecera que en la década de 1990 su centro histórico fue reconocido como patrimonio nacional. discutida conflictiva marco materiales simbólicos país 201 Mayo municipales contexto acciones escalas narrativas blanca europea actores ello provincia Aires, Aires , Aires) 199 20 19 2 1

ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis of the importance of the counterrevolution undertaken by Viceroy José de la Serna from Cuzco in the face of the political situation in Peru between the years of 1821 and 1824. First, we will attempt an explanation about the reasons that led the royalists to abandon Lima, viceregal capital since the 16th century, and retreat to the southern Andes. Then, we will move on to the study of the logistical needs of the Viceregal government of Cuzco for the consolidation of territorial control in the southern Andean region and the subsequent incursions into Lima. Next, the effects of the end of the Liberal Triennium (1820-1823) will be analyzed, emphasizing the uprising of General Olañeta in Upper Peru and how this generated a domino effect that ended up dividing the royalist army months before the development of the battles of Junin and Ayacucho. In that sense, we argue that the counterrevolutionary success during the years of Viceroy La Serna’s government was due not only to the articulation of human capital and resources that the central and southern Andes provided, but also to the internal instability of the independent government in the Peruvian coast. However, this success ended by Olañeta’s actions, which Bolívar took advantage of to obtain decisive victories in 1824. 182 1824 First Lima th century Then Next 18201823 1820 1823 (1820-1823 analyzed Ayacucho sense Sernas s provided coast However Olañetas actions 18 1820182 (1820-182 1 182018 (1820-18 18201 (1820-1 (1820- (1820 (182 (18 (1 (

RESUMEN Este artículo plantea un análisis sobre la importancia de la contrarrevolución emprendida por el virrey José de la Serna desde el Cuzco frente a la situación política del Perú entre los años de 1821 y 1824. En primer lugar, se realizará una explicación sobre los motivos que llevaron a los realistas a abandonar Lima, capital virreinal desde el siglo XVI, y replegarse al sur andino. Como segundo punto, se pasará al estudio de las necesidades logísticas del gobierno virreinal del Cuzco para la consolidación del control territorial en el sur andino y las posteriores incursiones sobre Lima. A continuación, se analizarán los efectos del fin del Trienio Liberal (1820-1823) poniendo énfasis en la sublevación del general Olañeta en el Alto Perú y cómo esto generó un efecto dominó que terminó por dividir al ejército realista meses antes del desarrollo de las batallas de Junín y Ayacucho. En ese sentido, argumentamos que el éxito contrarrevolucionario durante los años de Gobierno del virrey La Serna se debió no solo a la articulación de capital humano y recursos que proporcionaron los Andes centrales y del sur, sino también a la inestabilidad interna del gobierno independentista en la costa peruana. Sin embargo, este éxito se vio truncado por las acciones de Olañeta, las cuales fueron aprovechadas por Bolívar para obtener las victorias decisivas en 1824. 182 1824 lugar Lima XVI punto continuación 18201823 1820 1823 (1820-1823 Ayacucho sentido peruana embargo 18 1820182 (1820-182 1 182018 (1820-18 18201 (1820-1 (1820- (1820 (182 (18 (1 (

Abstract Until the second decade of the 19th century, the space south of the Salado River was indigenous territory. Twenty-five years later, immigrants began to arrive in villages like Tandil, forming what would later become the province of Buenos Aires. Specialists on indigenous people and immigrants have advanced in the understanding of these fields since the early 1980s. However, while some needed to atomize the object of study by nationality and even regionalisms, the others placed a largely anthropological emphasis on studying important chiefdoms while They advanced in categories that allowed us to unravel an indigenous world that was believed to be heterogeneous. A third group analyzed and discussed ideas about the Creoles, discovering that the gaucho was an almost exotic character and that they talked about him without delving into his abysmal distance between the local elite and the poor, deprived of all possibilities until 1880. The look was binary: indigenous and Creole, while the foreigners moved on stage like leading actors accompanied by the light of a spotlight. We propose to advance a holistic view, taking the Basque case as a witness, taking into account historicity and reviewing the documentation in search of energizing the whole. Also, recover the substantial relationship with an environment that was presented until some time ago as a suggestive scenography, with exceptions regarding the indigenous world. th century territory Twentyfive Twenty five Tandil Aires 1980s s However regionalisms heterogeneous Creoles poor 1880 binary Creole spotlight view witness whole Also scenography 188 18 1

Resumen Hasta la segunda década del siglo XIX el espacio al sur del río Salado (Argentina) era territorio indígena. Veinticinco años más tarde comenzaron a llegar inmigrantes a aldeas como Tandil, conformando lo que luego sería la provincia de Buenos Aires. Los especialistas en indígenas e inmigrantes han avanzado en la comprensión de estos campos desde el comienzo de los años 1980. Sin embargo, mientras unos necesitaron atomizar el objeto de estudio por nacionalidad e incluso regionalismos, otros pusieron un énfasis mayormente antropológico en estudiar cacicatos importantes mientras avanzaban en categorías que permitieron desenmarañar un mundo indígena que se creía heterogéneo. Un tercer grupo analizó y discutió ideas sobre los criollos, descubriendo que el gaucho fue un personaje casi exótico y que se hablaba del mismo sin adentrarse en su distancia abismal entre la élite local y los pobres, privados de toda posibilidad hasta 1880. La mirada era binaria: indígenas y criollos, mientras los extranjeros se movían en el escenario cual actores protagónicos a los que acompañaba la luz de un reflector. Nos proponemos avanzar en una mirada holística, tomando el caso vasco como testigo, que tenga en cuenta la historicidad y que revise la documentación en busca de dinamizar el conjunto. También buscamos recuperar la relación sustancial con un medio ambiente que se presentó hasta hace tiempo como una escenografía sugerente, salvo excepciones sobre el mundo indígena. Argentina (Argentina Tandil Aires 1980 embargo regionalismos heterogéneo criollos pobres 1880 binaria reflector holística testigo conjunto sugerente 198 188 19 18 1

Resumo O texto discute o avanço das iniciativas digitais na pesquisa em história, dando particular relevo para o incremento no número de grandes repositórios e conjuntos arquivísticos, tomados aqui como parte de uma tendência de big data que precisa ser discutida na disciplina. São apresentados alguns casos de projetos com forte apelo empirísta (como o Transkribus e o Time Machine) e como estas iniciativas andam pari passu com discussões sobre uma suposta irrelevância da teoria. O artigo aponta ideias para o debate, indicando a capacitação digital como uma necessidade na formação de historiadores, diante de um mar de incertezas e algorítimos. história arquivísticos disciplina Machine teoria debate historiadores algorítimos

Abstract The text discusses the rise of digital initiatives in historical research, particularly emphasizing the increase in the number of large repositories and archival collections. This proliferation is seen as part of the “big data” trend that needs to be debated in the discipline. Some examples of projects with a strong empirical approach are presented (such asTranskribusandTime Machine), and how these initiatives are associated with discussions about the supposed irrelevance of theory. The article proposes ideas for debate, indicating digital training as a necessity in preparing historians in the face of a sea of uncertainties and algorithms. research collections big data discipline such Machine, Machine , Machine) theory debate algorithms

Resumo Nas últimas quatro décadas, no que tange à historiografia do comércio de escravos realizado pelos portugueses entre o Brasil e a Costa da Mina (África Ocidental), tem prevalecido uma ênfase no papel do tabaco como principal item de troca. O que poucos estudos têm apontado mais recentemente é que o ouro teve relevância, no mínimo, igual como moeda de troca nas relações dos portugueses com agentes europeus e africanos na aquisição de trabalhadores escravizados. Este artigo contribui com esta última corrente, procurando demonstrar, com base em registros de negócios da Royal African Company em Uidá (Costa da Mina), o papel do ouro brasileiro nas relações mercantis entre ingleses e portugueses, que se adensaram bastante na primeira metade do século XVIII. Além disso, argumenta-se que o ouro foi fator fundamental no êxito do comércio luso-brasileiro naquela região, apontando para o caráter transimperial dos investimentos nesse ramo. Por fim, indica uma possível contribuição para avaliar as características das relações mercantis entre os agentes envolvidos. décadas África Ocidental, Ocidental , Ocidental) relevância mínimo escravizados corrente demonstrar Mina, Mina) XVIII disso argumentase argumenta lusobrasileiro luso região ramo fim envolvidos

Abstract In the last four decades, regarding the historiography of the slave trade carried out by the Portuguese between Brazil and the Slave Coast (West Africa coast), the role of tobacco stood out as the chief item of exchanging. A small number of researchers have pointed out more recently that Brazilian gold was, at least, as important as exchange currency in the relations of Portuguese with European and African agents in procuring African enslaved workers. This article contributes to this last current in trying to demonstrate, based on Royal African Company trade records in Uidá (Slave Coast), the role of Brazilian gold in the trade relations involving Portuguese and British merchants, which became quite intense in the earlier half of the eighteenth century. It also argues that gold was a fundamental factor for the success of Luso-Brazilian commerce in that region, also pointing the trans-imperial character of the investments in this branch of trade. At last, the article suggests one possible contribution to assess the features of the trade relationship between the involved agents. decades West coast, coast , coast) exchanging least workers demonstrate Coast, Coast) merchants century LusoBrazilian Luso region transimperial trans imperial

RESUMO Neste artigo, são abordados alguns aspectos do processo de emigração política, resultantes da dinâmica entre revolução e contrarrevolução, em Portugal, nas décadas de 1820 e 1830. Ainda que os sentidos e as direções dos exílios variem de acordo com o resultado das sucessivas disputas que se travaram no país entre realistas e liberais, será quando D. Miguel ascende ao poder, em 1828, que um número estimado em quase uma dezena de milhar de pessoas, acusadas de “acérrimas liberais”, é obrigado a deixar o país. Buscando ressaltar a natureza transnacional e transcontinental desse fenômeno migratório, apontamos as condições nas quais se encontravam esses emigrados, assim como os diferentes destinos que tomaram, incluindo, entre eles, o Rio de Janeiro e outras províncias do Brasil. artigo política contrarrevolução Portugal 182 1830 liberais D poder 1828 pessoas acérrimas , liberais” migratório emigrados tomaram incluindo eles Brasil 18 183 1

ABSTRACT This article discusses some aspects of the process of political emigration resulting from the dynamics between revolution and counterrevolution in Portugal in the 1820s and 1830s. Although the direction of the exiles varied according to the outcome of the successive disputes that took place in the country between royalists and liberals, it was when D. Miguel came to power in 1828 that an estimated ten thousand people, accused of being fierce liberals, were forced to leave the country. Seeking to emphasize the transnational and transcontinental nature of this migratory phenomenon, we point out the conditions in which those emigrants found themselves, as well as the different destinations they took, including, among some of them, Rio de Janeiro and other provinces of Brazil. s 1830s liberals D 182 people phenomenon themselves including them Brazil 18 1

Abstract This article studies the diversity of manifestations and political proposals of the counter-revolution in the Audiencia of Quito between 1809 and 1822. It shows that the responses to the revolution were diverse and changed according to the contexts, with a great capacity for social mobilisation. The initial unity in the face of the 1808 crisis soon broke down to give way to a fragmented political scenario. With their internal tensions, Quito’s royalists faced the challenges posed by the insurgency and Cadiz liberalism. The indigenous elite were also critical of the 1812 Constitution for maintaining their old privileges. The stability heralded by the absolutist restoration of Ferdinand VII was only a passing mirage. Henceforth, the Spanish revolution of 1820 constituted a new challenge that some faced by taking the pro-independence option. counterrevolution counter 180 1822 contexts mobilisation scenario tensions Quitos s liberalism 181 privileges mirage Henceforth 182 proindependence pro independence option 18 1

Resumen Este artículo expone la diversidad de manifestaciones y propuestas políticas de la contrarrevolución en la Audiencia de Quito entre 1809 y 1822. Se demuestra que las respuestas a la revolución fueron diversas y cambiantes según los contextos, con una gran capacidad de movilización social. La unidad inicial frente a la crisis de 1808 muy pronto se quebró para dar lugar a un escenario político fragmentado. Con sus tensiones internas, los realistas quiteños hicieron frente a los desafíos que supusieron la insurgencia y el liberalismo gaditano. La élite indígena también fue crítica con la Constitución de 1812 para mantener sus antiguos privilegios. La estabilidad anunciada con la restauración absolutista de Fernando VII fue sólo un espejismo pasajero. En adelante, la revolución española de 1820 constituyó un nuevo desafío que algunos afrontaron tomando partido por la opción independentista. 180 1822 contextos social fragmentado internas gaditano 181 privilegios pasajero adelante 182 independentista 18 1