Resumo A soldagem em operação de um duto de distribuição de gás natural é uma operação crítica. O processo de soldagem com eletrodo revestido, embora simples e barato, encontra limitações quanto à espessura do duto. O processo TIG exige soldadores mais treinados e equipamentos de maior custo, mas o controle do aporte de calor permite soldar menores espessuras. Neste trabalho, os dois processos foram comparados para a soldagem de um tubo de aço API 5L grau B frequentemente utilizado nas linhas de distribuição. Os resultados mostraram que os dois processos forneceram resultados satisfatórios de propriedades mecânicas, a resistência à tração mínima foi de 430 MPa em ambos os processos, dentro do intervalo esperado de 415 a 760 MPa. A tenacidade também ao impacto foi de 50 e 48 J para as juntas por TIG e eletrodo revestido, respectivamente. Comparativamente, a solda pelo processo TIG apresentou mais regiões de grãos refinados. A dureza da ZTA com eletrodo revestido foi em torno de 220 HV, quanto para o TIG o valor foi ligeiramente menor, 180 HV. Nos dois processos, foi superior ao metal base, porém muito abaixo do valor limite de 350 HV considerado crítico para fissuração por hidrogênio (trinca a frio).

Abstract The in-service welding of natural gas distribution pipes is a critical operation. The shield metal arc welding (SMAW) process has low cost and is very simple, but it has limitations in the minimum pipe thickness. Gas tungsten inert arc welding (GTAW) employs more qualified operators and expensive welding machines and accessories. However, it can weld thinner pipes. In this work, both processes were tested and compared for the welding of an API 5L grade B pipe, often used in the distribution lines of Rio de Janeiro State. The results obtained showed that both processes gave satisfactory results. The minimum tensile strength was 430 MPa for both methods, under the standard range of 415 to 760 MPa. The impact toughness was 50 and 48 J for GTAW and SMAW, respectively. The GTAW showed more fine grains than the SMAW process. The hardness values in the SMAW HAZ was around 220 HV, while the GTAW HAZ was slightly lower, at 180 HV. For both processes, the hardness measured in the heat affected zone (HAZ) was superior to the base metal (BM), but much lower than the limit of 350 HV considered critical for hydrogen induced cold cracking.

Abstract Numerical simulations are commonly employed for comprehending and prognosticating welding procedures. However, repair often requires supplementary actions such as gouging for defect removal. Thermal cycles and non-uniform expansion and contraction of the base metal can engender internal and residual stresses in the gouged region. Residual stresses can wield influence over mechanical properties, thereby underscoring the necessity for their investigation. This study endeavors to establish a numerical method to simulate gouging while devising a rationale for thermal cutting processes. The model was validated by comparing computational and experimental results, which showed good agreement. Mechanical simulation unveiled residual stresses characterized by modest magnitude. This methodology can prevent mechanical failures in repaired components by providing valuable insights into the effects of the gouging process.