ABSTRACT Background: Pressatia choti is a common sand fly found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, which is suspected to be involved in the transmission of Leishmania braziliensis. Herein, we aimed to establish a Pr. choti laboratory colony. Methods: Wild-caught female sand flies were blood fed on hamsters and maintained under controlled conditions (temperature: 26 °C; relative humidity: 70%). Results: Of the 301 collected female sandflies, 288 were identified as Pr. choti. The life cycle duration ranged from 31 to 56 days. Conclusions: We successfully established a Pr. choti colony, whose biological parameters were similar to those of other neotropical sand flies. Background Brazil braziliensis Herein Pr colony Methods Wildcaught Wild caught temperature (temperature 2 °C C humidity 70%. 70 70% . 70%) Results 30 sandflies 28 3 5 days Conclusions 7

ABSTRACT Background: Dengue is a disease that accounts for a major morbidity and mortality in Honduras. Methods: This descriptive study used an analytical component based on the data from the National Virology Laboratory between 2016-2022. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the classification of dengue without warning signs (DWOS), dengue with warning signs (DWS), and severe dengue (SD). Results: Overall, 14,687 dengue cases were included; 50.1% had DWOS, 36.5% had DWS, and 13.4% had SD. Patients that were more associated with a higher probability of DWS and SD were patients in the age groups 1-4 years (DWS OR 1.61; 95%CI:1.33-1.94), (SD OR 1.52; 95% CI:1.26-1.84), 5-9 years (DWS OR 2.01; 95% CI:1.68-2.40), (SD OR 2.00; 95% CI:1.67-2.40), and 10-19 years (DWS OR 1.55; 95% CI:1.30-1.85) (SD OR 1.57; 95% CI:1.31-1.88). The departments that were associated with a higher probability of DWS and SD were La Paz (OR 6.35; 95% CI:3.53-11.42), (OR 10.94; 95% CI:5.96-20.08), Copán (OR 6.94; 95% CI:5.05-9.53) (OR 7.33; 95% CI: 5.35-10.03), Valle (OR 5.22; 95% CI:1.25-21.82) (OR 10.71; 95% CI:2.21-51.88). Conclusions: During the study period, dengue presented endemic behavior, with peaks consistent with the last two epidemics in Honduras in 2015 and 2019. The main factors associated with dengue severity were age< 19 years, male sex, and being from La Paz, Copán, or Valle. Background Methods 20162022. 20162022 2016 2022. 2022 2016-2022 DWOS , (DWOS) (DWS) . (SD) Results Overall 14687 14 687 14,68 included 501 50 1 50.1 365 36 5 36.5 134 13 4 13.4 1- 1.61 161 61 95%CI1.331.94, 95CI133194 CI 95%CI 1.33 1.94 95 33 94 95%CI:1.33-1.94) 1.52 152 52 CI1.261.84, CI126184 1.26 1.84 26 84 CI:1.26-1.84) 59 9 5- 2.01 201 2 01 CI1.682.40, CI168240 1.68 2.40 68 40 CI:1.68-2.40) 2.00 200 00 CI1.672.40, CI167240 1.67 67 CI:1.67-2.40) 1019 10 10-1 1.55 155 55 CI1.301.85 CI130185 1.30 1.85 30 85 CI:1.30-1.85 1.57 157 57 CI1.311.88. CI131188 1.31 1.88 31 88 CI:1.31-1.88) 6.35 635 6 35 CI3.5311.42, CI3531142 3.53 11.42 3 53 11 42 CI:3.53-11.42) 10.94 1094 CI5.9620.08, CI5962008 5.96 20.08 96 20 08 CI:5.96-20.08) 6.94 694 CI5.059.53 CI505953 5.05 9.53 05 CI:5.05-9.53 7.33 733 7 5.3510.03, 5351003 5.35 10.03 03 5.35-10.03) 5.22 522 22 CI1.2521.82 CI1252182 1.25 21.82 25 21 82 CI:1.25-21.82 10.71 1071 71 CI2.2151.88. CI2215188 2.21 51.88 51 CI:2.21-51.88) Conclusions period behavior 2019 sex 2016202 202 2016-202 (DWOS 1468 14,6 50. 36. 13. 1.6 16 CI1 331 95%CI1.331.94 95CI13319 95CI 133 1.3 194 1.9 95%CI:1.33-1.94 1.5 15 261 CI1.261.84 CI12618 126 1.2 184 1.8 8 CI:1.26-1.84 2.0 0 682 CI1.682.40 CI16824 168 240 2.4 CI:1.68-2.40 672 CI1.672.40 CI16724 167 CI:1.67-2.40 101 10- 301 CI1.301.8 CI13018 130 185 CI:1.30-1.8 311 CI1.311.88 CI13118 131 188 CI:1.31-1.88 6.3 63 CI3 5311 CI3.5311.42 CI353114 353 3.5 1142 11.4 CI:3.53-11.42 10.9 109 CI5 9620 CI5.9620.08 CI596200 596 5.9 2008 20.0 CI:5.96-20.08 6.9 69 059 CI5.059.5 CI50595 505 5.0 953 9.5 CI:5.05-9.5 7.3 73 3510 5.3510.03 535100 535 5.3 1003 10.0 5.35-10.03 5.2 2521 CI1.2521.8 CI125218 125 2182 21.8 CI:1.25-21.8 10.7 107 CI2 2151 CI2.2151.88 CI221518 221 2.2 5188 51.8 CI:2.21-51.88 201620 2016-20 146 14, 1. 95%CI1.331.9 95CI1331 95%CI:1.33-1.9 CI1.261.8 CI1261 12 18 CI:1.26-1.8 2. CI1.682.4 CI1682 24 CI:1.68-2.4 CI1.672.4 CI1672 CI:1.67-2.4 CI1.301. CI1301 CI:1.30-1. CI1.311.8 CI1311 CI:1.31-1.8 6. 531 CI3.5311.4 CI35311 3. 114 11. CI:3.53-11.4 10. 962 CI5.9620.0 CI59620 5. 20. CI:5.96-20.0 CI5.059. CI5059 9. CI:5.05-9. 7. 351 5.3510.0 53510 100 5.35-10.0 252 CI1.2521. CI12521 218 21. CI:1.25-21. 215 CI2.2151.8 CI22151 518 51. CI:2.21-51.8 20162 2016-2 95%CI1.331. 95CI133 95%CI:1.33-1. CI1.261. CI126 CI:1.26-1. CI1.682. CI168 CI:1.68-2. CI1.672. CI167 CI:1.67-2. CI1.301 CI130 CI:1.30-1 CI1.311. CI131 CI:1.31-1. CI3.5311. CI3531 CI:3.53-11. CI5.9620. CI5962 CI:5.96-20. CI5.059 CI505 CI:5.05-9 5.3510. 5351 5.35-10. CI1.2521 CI1252 CI:1.25-21 CI2.2151. CI2215 CI:2.21-51. 2016- 95%CI1.331 95CI13 95%CI:1.33-1 CI1.261 CI12 CI:1.26-1 CI1.682 CI16 CI:1.68-2 CI1.672 CI:1.67-2 CI1.30 CI13 CI:1.30- CI1.311 CI:1.31-1 CI3.5311 CI353 CI:3.53-11 CI5.9620 CI596 CI:5.96-20 CI5.05 CI50 CI:5.05- 5.3510 5.35-10 CI1.252 CI125 CI:1.25-2 CI2.2151 CI221 CI:2.21-51 95%CI1.33 95CI1 95%CI:1.33- CI1.26 CI:1.26- CI1.68 CI:1.68- CI1.67 CI:1.67- CI1.3 CI:1.30 CI1.31 CI:1.31- CI3.531 CI35 CI:3.53-1 CI5.962 CI59 CI:5.96-2 CI5.0 CI:5.05 5.351 5.35-1 CI1.25 CI:1.25- CI2.215 CI22 CI:2.21-5 95%CI1.3 95%CI:1.33 CI1.2 CI:1.26 CI1.6 CI:1.68 CI:1.67 CI1. CI:1.3 CI:1.31 CI3.53 CI:3.53- CI5.96 CI:5.96- CI5. CI:5.0 5.35- CI:1.25 CI2.21 CI:2.21- 95%CI1. 95%CI:1.3 CI:1.2 CI:1.6 CI:1. CI3.5 CI:3.53 CI5.9 CI:5.96 CI:5. CI2.2 CI:2.21 95%CI1 95%CI:1. CI:1 CI3. CI:3.5 CI:5.9 CI:5 CI2. CI:2.2 95%CI:1 CI:3. CI:2. 95%CI: CI:3 CI:2

ABSTRACT Background: Musculoskeletal inflammatory lesions in chronic Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have not been thoroughly assessed using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these lesions in such patients. Methods: From September 2018 to February 2019, patients with positive Chikungunya-specific serology (Immunoglobulin M/Immunoglobulin G anti-CHIKV), with a history of polyarthralgia for > 6 months prior to MRI with no pre-existing rheumatic disorders, underwent 3T WBMRI and localized MRI. The evaluation focused on musculoskeletal inflammatory lesions correlated with chronic CHIKV infection. Pain levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale on the same day as WBMRI. Results: The study included 86 patients of whom 26 met the inclusion criteria. All patients reported pain and most (92.3%) categorized it as moderate or severe. The most common finding across joints was effusion, particularly in the tibiotalar joint (57.7%) and bursitis, with the retrocalcaneal bursa most affected (48.0%). Tenosynovitis was prevalent in the flexor compartment of the hands (44.2%), while Kager fat pad and soleus edema were also observed. Bone marrow edema-like signals were frequently seen in the sacroiliac joints (19.2%). Most WBMRI findings were classified as mild. Conclusions: This study represents the first utilization of 3T WBMRI to assess musculoskeletal inflammatory disorders in chronic CHIKV infection. The aim was to identify the most affected joints and prevalent lesions, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical management of this condition regarding understanding disease pathophysiology, developing targeted treatment strategies, and using advanced imaging techniques in the assessment of musculoskeletal manifestations. Background (CHIKV wholebody whole body . (WBMRI) Methods 201 2019 Chikungunyaspecific specific Immunoglobulin MImmunoglobulin M antiCHIKV, antiCHIKV anti , anti-CHIKV) preexisting pre existing T Results 8 2 criteria 92.3% 923 92 3 (92.3% severe effusion 57.7% 577 57 7 (57.7% bursitis 48.0%. 480 48.0% 48 0 (48.0%) 44.2%, 442 44.2% 44 (44.2%) observed edemalike like 19.2%. 192 19.2% 19 (19.2%) mild Conclusions pathophysiology strategies manifestations (WBMRI 20 anti-CHIKV 92.3 9 (92.3 57.7 5 (57.7 48.0 4 (48.0% 44.2 (44.2% 19.2 1 (19.2% 92. (92. 57. (57. 48. (48.0 44. (44.2 19. (19.2 (92 (57 (48. (44. (19. (9 (5 (48 (44 (19 ( (4 (1

ABSTRACT Background: Accurate diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Paracoccidioides antibody detection by double immunodiffusion (DID) is a convenient diagnostic tool, but testing performance can vary based on certain factors. Methods: We assessed DID performance using a commercially prepared Paracoccidioides reagents (IMMY, USA), involving 40 serum specimens, including 20 from patients with proven paracoccidioidomycosis and 20 from patients without the disease. The DID test demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% (95% CI=68%-99%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI=83%-100%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DID using commercial reagents may provide a feasible tool with satisfactory testing performance for anti-Paracoccidioides antibody detection. Background outcomes (DID factors Methods IMMY, IMMY (IMMY USA, USA , USA) 4 specimens 2 disease 90 95% 95 (95 CI=68%99% CI6899 CI CI=68% 99% 68 99 CI=68%-99% 100 CI=83%100%. CI83100 CI=83% . 83 CI=83%-100%) Conclusions antiParacoccidioides anti 9 (9 CI=68%99 CI689 CI68 CI=68 6 CI=68%-99 10 CI=83%100% CI8310 CI83 CI=83 8 CI=83%-100% ( CI=68%9 CI6 CI=6 CI=68%-9 1 CI=83%100 CI831 CI8 CI=8 CI=83%-100 CI= CI=68%- CI=83%10 CI=83%-10 CI=83%1 CI=83%-1 CI=83%-

ABSTRACT Background: Syphilis is associated with social and behavioral factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of syphilis and its associated risk factors among recyclable waste collectors in Central Brazil. Results: A lifetime syphilis prevalence rate of 7.91% (95% confidence interval: 5.25-11.75) was found among 278 participants. Low educational level, history of sexually transmitted infection, and age ≥ 36 years were associated with a high prevalence of lifetime syphilis. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the need for syphilis prevention, screening, and treatment among recyclable waste collectors, highlighting the potential for the spread of infection in vulnerable populations. Background Methods crosssectional cross sectional Brazil Results 791 7 91 7.91 95% 95 (95 interval 5.2511.75 5251175 5.25 11.75 5 25 11 75 5.25-11.75 27 participants level 3 Conclusions prevention screening populations 79 9 7.9 (9 2511 5.2511.7 525117 525 5.2 1175 11.7 2 1 5.25-11.7 7. ( 251 5.2511. 52511 52 5. 117 11. 5.25-11. 5.2511 5251 5.25-11 5.251 5.25-1 5.25-

ABSTRACT Background: Information regarding the distribution of Culicidae species in the northeastern region of Brazil is scarce. Methods: Immatures were collected from approximately four fragments of the Atlantic Forest. Results: This study presents new occurrences of 18 Culicidae species in Pernambuco state: Anopheles kompi, Georgecraigius fluviatilis, Culex bidens, Culex chidesteri, Culex bastagarius, Culex imitator, Mansonia humeralis, Wyeomyia incaudata, Uranotaenia apicalis, Culex mollis, Culex usquatus, Culex dunni, Culex serratimarge, Culex ybarmis, Culex microphyllus, Sabethes purpureus, Wyeomyia pilicauda, and Wyeomyia airosai. The last nine species were also new records for the northeast region. Conclusions: With the inclusion of these newly recorded species, the total number of mosquitoes documented in Pernambuco state now rises to 94. Background scarce Methods Forest Results 1 kompi fluviatilis bidens chidesteri bastagarius imitator humeralis incaudata apicalis mollis usquatus dunni serratimarge ybarmis microphyllus purpureus pilicauda airosai Conclusions 94 9