Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the potential effects of wheat flour substitution with potato starch modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMTS) and microwave treatment (MWS) on dough texture properties and on the quality of fresh noodles. The research results showed that the substitution of wheat flour with HMTS or MWS altered the texture and tensile properties of dough and cooked fresh noodles. Moreover, the dough tensile properties of resistance to extension and extensibility were extremely significant positive correlated with the cooked fresh noodles tensile properties of tensile strength and elasticity. The optimal cooking time of fresh noodles was significantly decreased (P value < 0.05) with the increase incorporation of HMTS or MWS. The dry matter water absorption rate and loss rate of dry matter significantly increased with the increase of substitution amount of HMTS and MWS. When the incorporation amount of HMTS was less than 30% and the incorporation amount of MWS was less than 20%, the noodles could maintain good organoleptic and cooking quality attributes. More than 30% of HMTS or 20% MWS will deform the noodles and cause breakage. Therefore, the maximum incorporation of HMTS or MWS should be 30%, 20%, respectively. heatmoisture heat moisture (HMTS (MWS Moreover elasticity P 0.05 005 0 05 30 20 attributes breakage Therefore respectively 0.0 00 3 2 0.

Abstract Cell apoptosis induction and metastasis suppression in human breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231, were studied to assess the potential of Cirsium setidens extract (CSE) on breast cancer treatment. Cell viability and metastasis analysis using MDA-MB-231 confirmed CSE significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of cancer cell without suppressing normal cell growth in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL of CSE. To analyze the anticancer effect of CSE, the expressions of major genes related to in the apoptosis, including p53, AMPK-α, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of AMPK-α, p53, and Bax increased by 45, 43, and 68%, respectively, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased by 12%, showing that CSE treatment induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231. The major compound of CSE was identified as rhoifolin, a type of flavone, through analysis using LC-MS/MS. Our findings confirmed that rhoifolin, known to possess a variety of significant biological activities, could be obtained from C. setidens and used as an effective natural compound to suppress breast cancer. MDAMB231, MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231, 231 (CSE MDA-MB-23 025 0 25 0.2 05 5 0. mgmL mg mL p53 p AMPKα, AMPKα AMPK α, α AMPK-α Bcl2, Bcl2 Bcl 2, 2 transcriptionpolymerase transcription polymerase reaction 45 43 68 68% respectively Bcl- 12 12% MDAMB231. 231. rhoifolin flavone LCMS/MS. LCMSMS LC MS/MS. MS LC-MS/MS activities C MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 02 p5 4 6 1 LCMS LCMS/MS MSMS MS/MS MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bioconverted Oenanthe javanica extract (BOE) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SM4 on production of bioactive compounds. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions including the extraction time, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration for the enhancement of bioactive compounds production. The predicted optimum UAE conditions were extraction time of 26.0 min, extraction temperature of 92.8 °C, and 59.9% ethanol, respectively, and 5.14 mg GAE/g DM of TPC and 0.59 mg QE/g DM of TFC were produced under the optimum condition. Then, O. javanica extraction (OJE) has been bioconverted by using L. plantarum SM4 to increase the bioactive compounds. In HPLC-mass spectrometry analyses, higher concentration of p-coumaric acid was identified in BOE than in OJE, and chlorogenic acid in OJE was converted to quinic acid, confirming an increase in bioactive compounds by bioconversion. Thus, we have concluded that optimization of UAE and the BOE is an effective process for enhancement bioactive compounds from O. Javanica and this finding provides a scientific basis of bioactive compounds in natural product can be utilized as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical materials from BOE. (BOE SM ultrasoundassisted ultrasound assisted 260 26 0 26. min 928 92 8 92. C °C 599 59 9 59.9 respectively 514 5 14 5.1 GAEg GAE g 059 0.5 QEg QE condition Then O (OJE L HPLCmass HPLC mass analyses pcoumaric p coumaric bioconversion Thus food cosmetics 2 59. 51 1 5. 05 0.

Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of pulse electric field, microwave, and ultrasonic assisted water extractions on the bioactive compounds in black rice, and their antioxidant and sirtuin1 enzyme stimulating activities. The number of pulses were changed from 1,000 to 2,000 and 3,000 at a constant electric field intensity of 5 kV/cm. Microwave and ultrasonic conditions were followed by 800 W for 20 min and 60 °C for 20 min, respectively. The results found that using pulse electric field with 3,000 pulses and microwave achieved high concentrations of total phenolic compound and cyanidin-3-glucoside with non-significantly difference. Extracts from the pulse electric field with 3,000 pulses showed the significantly highest DPPH scavenging activity (30.83 ± 2.06%) and the sirtuin1 enzyme stimulating activity (27.260 ± 0.418 of fluorescence intensity) when compared with microwave and ultrasonic extractions. Scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed distinct differences between the effects of these methods on the outer surface. The overall results revealed that pulse electric field and microwave were similarly effective at increasing the content of bioactive compounds in extract and their antioxidant activities. However, the pulse electric field was considerably more effective for activating sirtuin1 enzyme activity. rice sirtuin activities 1000 1 000 1,00 2000 2 2,00 3000 3 3,00 kVcm kV cm kV/cm 80 6 C respectively cyanidin3glucoside cyanidinglucoside cyanidin glucoside nonsignificantly non difference 30.83 3083 30 83 (30.8 2.06% 206 06 27.260 27260 27 260 (27.26 0418 0 418 0.41 surface However 100 00 1,0 200 2,0 300 3,0 8 30.8 308 (30. 2.06 27.26 2726 26 (27.2 041 41 0.4 10 1, 2, 3, 30. (30 2.0 27.2 272 (27. 04 4 0. (3 2. 27. (27 ( (2

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of dietary sodium selenite and selenium (Se) yeast levels on growth performance, meat quality and muscle anti-oxidative capacity of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments for 6 weeks. Diets (corn-soybean meal based diets) were supplemented with 0 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg sodium selenium, and 0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg selenium yeast, respectively. The results showed that Feed/Gain was significantly decreased with the increase of Se supplemental level during day 1-21 (P < 0.05), and body weight gain and Feed/Gain of broilers were improved with the increase of Se supplemental level by day 22 to 42 (P < 0.05). The dietary Se levels significantly affected the a*, cohesion, adhesion, chewing and recovery values of meat as well (P < 0.05). Se supplementation in diets also increased DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD, but significantly decreased TBARS and POV values compared to control (P < 0.05). The biological utilization rates of organic Se against inorganic Se were 116.0%, 123.1%, 109.7%, 109.8%, and 135.2%, respectively. The present results supported that organic Se was more bio-available and more effective in terms of growth performance, meat quality, muscle antioxidant and organ deposition efficiency compared to inorganic selenium. Therefore, the addition of 0.6 mg/kg selenium yeast (SY) during broiler breeding was the most effective. (Se performance antioxidative anti oxidative 36 1dayold dayold 1 old weeks cornsoybean corn soybean mgkg mg kg 03 3 0. 06 respectively FeedGain Feed Gain 121 21 1-2 P 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) 2 4 0.05. . a a* cohesion adhesion DPPH SOD 1160 116 116.0% 1231 123 123.1% 1097 109 7 109.7% 1098 8 109.8% 1352 135 135.2% bioavailable bio available Therefore SY (SY 12 1- 00 0.0 11 116.0 123.1 10 109.7 109.8 13 135.2 116. 123. 109. 135.

Abstract In this study, we incorporated gallic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) onto chitosan (CS) using free radical grafting initiated by hydrogen peroxide/Vitamin C (H2O2/Vc) redox system. We characterized the structural properties of the GA (CS-GA) and SA (CS-SA) derivatives using UV–vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermal stability analysis. We proved that these phenolic acids were successfully grafted onto the molecular skeleton of CS. We investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of CS-GA and CS-SA and found that they had significantly higher antioxidant and antibacterial properties than native CS. Furthermore, the antioxidant ability increased with the increase in grafting ratios. Finally, in vivo tests showed that CS-GA could maintain the firmness and the content of soluble solids and titratable acids in Saimaiti apricots at cool storage. The storage period was prolonged by inhibiting the respiratory intensity of apricots. Our results suggest that CS-GA can be potentially used as an edible coating material to preserve apricots. study (GA (SA CS (CS peroxideVitamin peroxide Vitamin H2O2/Vc H2O2Vc HOVc H2O2 Vc H O (H2O2/Vc system CSGA (CS-GA CSSA (CS-SA UVvis UV vis absorption FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) NMR, NMR (NMR) analysis Furthermore ratios Finally HO H2O (FTIR (XRD (NMR

Abstract Natural resources emerge as an essential and alternative tool for controlling parasitic agents. The present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Persea americana fruit extract (PAFE) on helminthiasis and coccidiosis. In vitro, anthelmintic activity was performed using PAFE against Allolobophora caliginose. PAFE elicited significant anthelmintic activity comparable to mebendazole with the lesser time taken to paralysis and death for 200 mg/mL. In vitro anticoccidial activity of PAFE, amprolium, phenol, DettolTM, and formalin were studied after incubation with unsporulated oocysts. PAFE was able to significantly inhibit oocyst sporulation in a dose-dependent manner. A total 35 male mice were divided into seven groups. At day 0, all groups except first and second groups were infected with 1×103 E. papillata. Group 1 served as control. Group 2 served as uninfected-treated one. Group 3 was considered an infected-untreated group. After 60 min of infection, groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with PAFE. Group 7 was treated with amprolium. However, not at par with amprolium, PAFE showed a good anticoccidial activity adjudged based on a significant change in body weight gain, feed intake, oocysts output, and content of carbohydrates and protein. Therefore, PAFE exhibits powerful anthelmintic and anticoccidial effects. agents (PAFE coccidiosis caliginose 20 mgmL mg mL mg/mL amprolium phenol DettolTM dosedependent dose dependent manner 0 1103 103 1×10 E papillata control uninfectedtreated uninfected one infecteduntreated untreated group infection 4 5 However gain intake output protein Therefore effects 110 10 1×1 11 1×

Abstract In order to solve the problem of difficult and slow identification of jujube defects, a convolutional neural network model based on boosted EfficientNetv2 was proposed by taking the dry, cracked, broken and normal jujube in jujube as the research object. First, optimize the model structure, and set of the first Fused_MBConv in EfficientNetv2 3*3 convolution improved to parallel 1*1 convolution, 3*3 convolution and two serial 3*3 convolution. With reference to the CSPNet idea, one part of the convolved feature map in the MBConv module is directly spliced across channels, the other part is output through the dense block through the transition layer, and then spliced with the feature map in the first part; Then, the original Swish activation function is replaced by the optimal FReLU activation function; Finally, the Coordinate Attention module is introduced to embed the position information into the channel attention to optimize the model. The experimental results showed that the recognition rates of dry jujube, cracked jujube, broken jujube and normal jujube were 95.32%, 98.79%, 98.19% and 97.81% respectively, and the average recognition rate was 97.39%. Compared with other algorithms, the model has faster speed and higher recognition accuracy for defective jujube. defects EfficientNetv object First structure FusedMBConv Fused 33 3 3* 11 1 1* idea channels layer Then Finally 9532 95 32 95.32% 9879 98 79 98.79% 9819 19 98.19 9781 97 81 97.81 respectively 9739 39 97.39% algorithms 953 9 95.32 987 7 98.79 981 98.1 978 8 97.8 973 97.39 95.3 98.7 98. 97. 97.3 95.

Abstract The exploration of natural materials for the production of nanoparticles against parasites is currently of particular interest due to its ecofriendly nature. In this study, we described the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from methanolic garlic extract. Infrared spectroscopy and GC-Mass spectrometry were used to screen the phytochemical composition of garlic and figure out how much of active components. In this study, Allium sativum extract (ASE) and ASE loaded in silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) were used to treat helminthiasis in vitro. Three doses of ASE (100, 50 and 25 mg/mL) and three doses of Bio-AgNPs (1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL) were used to study the anthelmintic activity using the earthworm, Allolobophora caliginosa. Also, Albendazole was used as a reference drug. The Bio-AgNPs exhibits IC50 of 3.2 µg/mL which indicates their lower toxicity in normal cell lines. The phytochemical screening using GC mass showed the presence of many active compounds with medicinal activities. Both ASE and Bio-AgNPs posses’ anthelmintic activities by inducing paralysis and death in a time dependent manner when compared to the reference drug, Albendazole. Collectively, nanosilver manufactured from A. sativum extract properly functions as an anthelmintic agent and can quickly and dose-dependently kill worms. nature GCMass Mass components (ASE BioAgNPs Bio AgNPs (Bio-AgNPs vitro 100, 100 (100 5 2 mg/mL mgmL mg mL 1, 1 (1 05 0 0. 025 0.2 earthworm caliginosa Also drug IC IC5 32 3 3. µgmL µg lines posses Collectively A dosedependently dose dependently worms 10 (10 ( 02

Abstract Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7, POA), a 16-carbon ω-7 monounsaturated functional fatty acid, has been demonstrated a variety of beneficial properties to human health and a wide range of applications in nutrition, medical and chemical industries. Lipozyme® RM IM (Rhizomucor Miehei lipase), a Sn-1,3 specific lipase, was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of seabuckthorn fruit oil and produce monoglycates rich in palmitoleic acid. The fruit oil of seabuckthorn was used as the research object, the dosage of enzyme taking 10% wt.% oil, the influence of water/oil ratio, pH value and reaction temperature to hydrolysis rate were investigated, and then the response surface methodology was applied for optimizing the process conditions. Further, the relationship between the hydrolysis rate and the content of monoacylglycerol was studied under the optimal hydrolysis conditions. The result indicated that the optimal combined condition is as follows: the reaction temperature is 55°C, the pH is 7, the water-oil quality ratio is 1:1. The hydrolysis rate achieved 79.59% within 12 h in the condition above. Under the optimal conditions, the hydrolysis rate was positively correlated with the content of monoester, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 within the first 10 h of the reaction. The hydrolysis rate was 66.76% at 10 h, and the content of monoglyceride reached the highest of 61.11%. Hereafter, the hydrolysis of monoglyceride began if the reaction continued. The content of palmitoleic acid increased from 27.11% to 40.84%, and that of linoleic acid increased from 4.51% to 33.34%, so the total amount of the two functional fatty acids reached 74.18%. Enzymatic hydrolysis can be an effective way to improve the function of seabuckthorn fruit oil. C161n7, C161n7 Cn C16 1n7, 1n7 C n (C16:1n7 POA, POA , POA) 16carbon carbon 16 ω7 ω 7 ω- nutrition industries Lipozyme Rhizomucor lipase lipase) Sn1,3 Sn13 Sn 1,3 1 3 Sn-1, object wt wt. wateroil water investigated conditions Further follows 55C 55 55°C 11. 11 1. 1:1 7959 79 59 79.59 above monoester 0999 0 999 0.99 6676 66 76 66.76 6111 61 61.11% Hereafter continued 2711 27 27.11 4084 40 84 40.84% 451 4 51 4.51 3334 33 34 33.34% 7418 74 18 74.18% C161n C1 1n (C16:1n Sn1 Sn1, 13 1, Sn-1 5 1: 795 79.5 099 99 0.9 667 6 66.7 611 61.11 271 2 27.1 408 8 40.84 45 4.5 333 33.34 741 74.18 Sn- 79. 09 9 0. 66. 61.1 27. 40.8 4. 33.3 74.1 61. 40. 33. 74.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of Oenanthe stolonifera D.C extract (OJE) on Hep3B, a human liver cancer cell, and identify the anticancer mechanisms. When treated with 1.0 mg/mL of OJE in HEK-293 and HEP3B to test the anticancer effect based on cell viability and mobility, the extract showed no growth inhibitory effect on HEK-293, while Hep3B's cell viability and mobility significantly decreased to 62.5% and 48.6%, respectively. The RNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein-53 (p53), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are key genes of carcinogenesis, were examined to investigate the mechanism of the anticancer effect. OJE downregulated COX-2 and increased the expression of cancer suppressors AMPK and p53 in a concentration-dependent manner. HPLC analysis was conducted to quantify secondary metabolites in OJE, and 0.50 mg/g DM of chlorogenic acid was identified as the main substance. Therefore, Oenanthe stolonifera D.C containing bioactive substances is valuable as a natural source for anticancer agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. DC D C (OJE Hep3B HepB Hep B mechanisms 10 1 0 1. mgmL mg mL HEK293 HEK 293 HEK-29 HEPB HEP HEK293, 293, Hep3Bs HepBs s 625 62 5 62.5 486 48 6 48.6% respectively AMPactivated AMP activated AMPK, , (AMPK) protein53 53 protein-5 p53, p (p53) cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- COX2, COX2 COX (COX-2) carcinogenesis COX- p5 concentrationdependent concentration dependent manner 050 50 0.5 mgg g substance Therefore industries HEK29 29 HEK-2 Bs 62. 4 48.6 (AMPK protein5 protein- (p53 (COX-2 05 0. HEK2 HEK- 48. (p5 (COX- (p (COX

Abstract Blumea balsamifera (Sembung) is a very famous ethnic medicinal herbs and functional tea in many countries of Asia. Phytochemical investigations showed that B. balsamifera contains various type chemical components, including volatile oil, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, etc. B. balsamifera has many pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, antibiosis, antitumor, liver protection, anti-inflammation, analgesia, and wound healing. This paper reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of B. balsamifera for the further research, development, and utilization of B. balsamifera. Sembung (Sembung Asia B components oil flavonoids terpenoids phenylpropanoids polysaccharides etc antioxidation antibiosis antitumor protection antiinflammation, antiinflammation anti inflammation, inflammation anti-inflammation analgesia healing research development

Abstract The woody oil industry generates a large amount of seed shell waste during its production. Therefore, this paper employs a central composite design (CCD) methodology to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process, thus utilizing the byproduct. The infrared spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis is adopted to explore the chemical structure and thermal stability of tannin. Besides, the tannin resin (TF) is prepared to elaborate its adsorbing performance for dyes in water. The results verify the role of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method in increasing yield rate. The optimal conditions are as follows: 60% ethanol as extraction solvent, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:25 (g/mL), ultrasonic power of 160 W, and extracted at 80oC for 60min. The yield rate of tannin under such conditions stands at 32.04% (w/w). Temperature is vital for the extraction rate. Acer truncatum tannin as a condensed tannin, performs favorable thermal stability, and TF effectively absorbs cationic dye in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue peaks at 176.13 mg/g. Acer truncatum shell serves as a resource of condensed tannin, and Acer truncatum tannin resin can be potentially developed into a new biomass adsorbent. production Therefore CCD (CCD ultrasonicassisted assisted process byproduct Besides (TF water follows 60 solvent solidliquid solid liquid 125 1 25 1:2 g/mL, gmL g/mL , g mL (g/mL) 16 W oC 60min min 3204 32 04 32.04 w/w. ww w/w . w (w/w) 17613 176 13 176.1 mgg mg mg/g adsorbent 6 12 2 1: (g/mL 320 3 0 32.0 (w/w 1761 17 176. 32.

Abstract The skimmed goat milk was submitted to the nanofiltration process using a volume reduction factor (VRF) equal to 2. It was verified a rapid decrease of the permeate flux at a low time, with a continuous flux, caused by the reversible resistance, which is characterized by the standard and complete blocking. The combined fouling model was evaluated, including complete pore blocking and cake filtration mechanism, which described the skimmed goat milk nanofiltration behavior. For the VRF equal to 2 was determined the total solids, protein, lactose, ash, mineral fraction content, which increased successfully with the nanofiltration process. The Power Law and Herschel-Buckley models were fitting to describe the flow behavior for retentate, which presented the higher apparent viscosity. (VRF time resistance evaluated mechanism solids protein lactose ash content HerschelBuckley Herschel Buckley retentate viscosity

Abstract Aroma composition is critical to the quality of rice wine. In order to clarify the effect of different koji on the aroma components of rice wine. The Yuanyang rice was selected as raw material, and three kinds of rice wine koji were added during rice wine fermentation. The aroma components of three wine samples fermented at 31 °C for nine days were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 81 aroma components were detected in the three groups of wine samples, including 30 esters, 18 alcohols, 4 acids and 29 other organic substances. The ester with the most content was ethyl palmitic acid, and the alcohol with the most content was ethanol. Therefore, the amount and type of esters, the ratio and interaction among esters, alcohols and acids in wine play an important role in the sensory quality of rice wine, and the joint action of various aroma components affects the quality of rice wine. material fermentation 3 C solidphase solid phase chromatographymass chromatography mass HSSPMEGCMS. HSSPMEGCMS HS SPME GC MS . (HS-SPME-GC-MS) 8 esters 1 2 substances acid ethanol Therefore (HS-SPME-GC-MS