Abstract Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) and International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) methods are used for individual tree health assessment. However, comparing the reliability of both methods in assessing large and old tree health has yet to be evaluated. This study aims to determine reliability of two methods in evaluating the health condition of old (>100 years old) and large Dipterocarp trees in Bogor Botanic Garden (BBG), Indonesia. The parameters observed were growth, morphometry, and tree health of 44 trees. The results showed that, overall, the two methods demonstrated quite similar in assessing the health condition of targeted trees. Visual tree damage domination by conks, fruiting bodies, and other indicators of advanced decay, open wounds, and termite gallery. The average risk rating of three parts of the tree (branches/crown, trunk, roots) is low to moderate. The two approaches could be used simultaneously or separately according to the purpose of the assessment. FHM (FHM ISA (ISA assessment However evaluated >100 100 (>10 BBG, BBG , (BBG) Indonesia growth morphometry 4 that overall conks bodies decay wounds gallery branches/crown, branchescrown branches crown (branches/crown trunk roots moderate >10 10 (>1 (BBG branches/crown >1 1 (> > (

Abstract The physical protection of soil organic matter through its occlusion in aggregates is a mechanism which reduces their accessibility by microorganisms. When the physically protected carbon (C) becomes accessible to the microbiota, it generates a flow of CO2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the C mineralization rate in macro and microaggregates of macerated and non-macerated soils under different leguminous tree, pasture, and secondary forest (capoeira). The CO2 mineralization curves showed that maceration increased the amount of C mineralized in macroaggregates, mainly in leguminous tree. Maceration provided an increase of approximately 50% and 47% in acacia and ingá, respectively, and 35% in sabiá. Capoeira and pasture did not respond to maceration. microorganisms (C microbiota CO nonmacerated non tree capoeira. capoeira . (capoeira) macroaggregates 50 47 ingá respectively 35 sabiá (capoeira 5 4 3

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native species used in ecological restoration in Brazil (Peltophorum dubium - canafístula, Hymenaea courbaril - jatobá, Jacaranda cuspidifolia - jacarandá, and Enterolobium contortisiliquum - timboril) as raw material for the supply of sawmills. Due to the difficulties in sampling trees of native species, four trees per species were collected, at age of 12 years, in a legal reserve area. The sampled trees were evaluated as being quite characteristic of trees of the same genetic material. The trees’ diameter was measured, the percentage of bark and the taper were measured, and the lumber yield of each species was calculated. The boards were air-dried. Based on the DBH, timboril had the greatest potential for biomass production, but its wood quality was unsatisfactory. To supply raw material for sawmills, in addition to jatobá, we suggest investing in plantations of canafístula and jacarandá. Peltophorum jatobá jacarandá sawmills collected 1 years area measured calculated airdried. airdried air dried. dried air-dried DBH production unsatisfactory

Abstract Lignin is related to mechanical support, fluidity of water transport by xylem and resistance to pest and pathogen infections. This research measured the concentration of lignin and its correlation with field performance of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud seedlings submitted to hardening. Seedlings were treated with 20 stem bending for 4 or 8 weeks, application of 50 μmol L-1 of methyl jasmonate for 4 or 8 weeks and a control treatment. In the nursery after treatments, six seedlings were randomly selected for determination of root electrolytes and lignin content from stem and root tissues. Application of jasmonates or stem bending in the nursery promoted an increase in stem lignin concentration but did not induce a greater lignification of root systems. After 450 days of planting, saplings height and diameter increments and percentage survival were calculated along shoot lignin content. Saplings showed no differences in shoot lignin from nursery hardening. support infections Vell. Vell (Vell. Arrab hardening 2 5 L1 L 1 L- treatment treatments tissues systems 45 planting (Vell

Abstract This study investigated the electrical resistivity of 105 timber species from the Peruvian tropical forest; with a focus on promoting sustainable use by considering the wood’s equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Employing a non-destructive method, it correlated the wood’s physical properties with its electrical resistivity, uncovering an inverse exponential relationship between resistivity and EMC, with resistivity values ranging from 0.0244 x 109 Ωm to 26.0104 x 109 Ωm across different cutting directions (longitudinal, tangential, and radial). These findings allowed for the classification of the woods into five groups based on their moisture balance and electrical resistivity, from very high to very low. This classification aids in identifying the appropriate and sustainable use of these timber species in various applications, highlighting the study’s contribution to sustainable forest management. 10 wood s EMC. EMC . (EMC) nondestructive non destructive method 00244 0 0244 0.024 260104 26 0104 26.010 longitudinal, longitudinal (longitudinal tangential radial. radial radial) low applications studys management 1 (EMC 0024 024 0.02 26010 2 010 26.01 002 02 0.0 2601 01 26.0 00 0. 260 26.

Abstract Sustainable forest management (SFM) is a rational exploitation practice adopted in the Caatinga. This study aimed to evaluate the stock and the nutritional and organic composition of litter in Caatinga subjected to different forest management practices: shallow cutting (SC), selective thinning by minimum diameter (STMD), and selective thinning by species (STS), and using unmanaged Caatinga (control) as a reference, in dry and rainy seasons. There were a significant increase in total litter in STS and a decrease in stocks of STMD, shallow cutting and unmanaged forest. Forest management reduced leaves in the accumulated litter in both seasons and increased contribution from branches. The STS management promoted maintenance of the stock and nutritional and organic quality of the litter, bringing it closer to the condition of unmanaged natural forest in both climatic seasons. So, should be encouraged for a more sustainable management of the Brazilian phyto-physiognomy Caatinga. SFM (SFM practices SC, SC , (SC) STMD (STMD) STS, (STS) control (control reference branches So phytophysiognomy phyto physiognomy (SC (STMD (STS

Abstract Threats must be eliminated from the tropical mountain forest habitat of Dolok Sipirok Natural Reserve, which is home to the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). The threat arises from human-orangutan conflict resulting from the occupation of agricultural land and the opening of accessibility. The aim of this research is to identify areas and patterns of conflict between orangutans and humans in the vicinity of the Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve. Data was gathered through community interviews and direct observation of the Tapanuli orangutan. The magnitude of community losses was determined by analyzing economic losses and crop destruction. The majority of conflicts were discovered in community fields that were about to be harvested. The main attraction for orangutans is fruit plants in those areas. These fruit trees are located in a roaming area and animal corridor. A buffer zone must be managed effectively to provide for the orangutan’s sustenance and nesting requirements. Reserve Pongo tapanuliensis. tapanuliensis . tapanuliensis) humanorangutan human orangutan accessibility destruction harvested corridor s requirements

Abstract Vascular epiphytes contribute significantly to the biodiversity of tropical forests. We aimed to identify the epiphyte species occurring in the Muriqui Trail at Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (SBSP), a priority area for Atlantic forest conservation in southeastern Brazil. We selected 10 phorophytes, from which we sampled epiphytes and took light intensity measurements at three strata: up to 4 m, 4 to 8 m, and above 8 m. Phorophytes represented eight species, eight genera, and six families. We found 25 epiphytic species from 17 genera and nine families. Ferns showed highest richness, especially Polypodiaceae. We report herein important data on epiphyte diversity in eastern Minas Gerais state (Zona da Mata), including the occurrence of species rarely cited in surveys. Fomenting local conservation along with environmental education may be pivotal for counteracting anthropic pressure on SBSP. forests SBSP, SBSP , (SBSP) Brazil 1 phorophytes strata m families 2 richness Polypodiaceae Zona Mata, Mata Mata) surveys (SBSP

Abstract The rising popularity of various types of wood panels and the advances in manufacturing technology have increased the uses of wood. The bonding of fibers and particles to form panels, however, involves impregnation with resins, such as phenolic adhesives, which delivery desirable quality to the panels due to their insolubility in water, resistance against heat among others, but are also recognized as carcinogenic to humans (IARC, 2004). This study involved measuring the levels of formaldehyde, remaining in wood panels after use and disposal. It was initially evaluated new panels and then examined degraded ones. The results demonstrated significant volatilization of formaldehyde during the degradation process of the panels, with losses of 74.83% for MDF and 85.71% for medium density particleboards (MDP). The results demonstrated significant volatilization of formaldehyde during the degradation process of the panels, with losses of 74.83% for MDF and 85.71% for medium density particleboards (MDP). however resins adhesives water others IARC, IARC (IARC 2004. 2004 . 2004) disposal ones 7483 74 83 74.83 8571 85 71 85.71 MDP. MDP (MDP) 200 748 7 8 74.8 857 85.7 (MDP 20 74. 85. 2

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the energy quality of wood and charcoal obtained from the stem and root of the genus Eucalyptus spp. From the wood, the physical, chemical and energetic properties were evaluated. For the charcoal produced in ovens of the carbonization furnaces model in the industry and produced in a muffle furnace, the physical, chemical and energetic properties were evaluated. Based on the analysis of technological properties, wood from the root has higher basic density (731.45 kg m-3) and lignin content (26.44%), however, the fixed carbon content and higher calorific value of the root (17.54% and 4547.75 kcal kg-1) were lower than for the stem wood (21.36% and 4730.82 kcal kg-1). It is recommended to use the wood from the root, both for direct burning and for the production of charcoal. The charcoal obtained in the industry, compared to that produced in muffle, presented higher energy quality. spp physical evaluated furnace 731.45 73145 731 45 (731.4 m3 m 3 m-3 26.44%, 2644 26.44% , 26 44 (26.44%) however 17.54% 1754 17 54 (17.54 454775 4547 75 4547.7 kg1 1 kg-1 21.36% 2136 21 36 (21.36 473082 4730 82 4730.8 kg1. . 731.4 7314 73 4 (731. m- 264 26.44 2 (26.44% 17.54 175 5 (17.5 45477 454 7 4547. kg- 21.36 213 (21.3 47308 473 8 4730. 731. (731 26.4 (26.44 17.5 (17. 21.3 (21. 47 (73 26. (26.4 17. (17 21. (21 (7 (26. (1 (2 ( (26

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate plant cover and dry mass produced by green manures and their influence on the chemical attributes of soil for the ecological restoration of an area around bauxite mine environment in Southeast Brazil. Soil preparation, chemical fertilization and sowing of three species of green manures were carried out: Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Stylosanthes guianensis. In general, C. cajan and C. juncea showed the best performance in plant cover. C. cajan and S. guianensis produced more phytomass. Green manures were efficient to promote rapid plant cover and increase in soil organic matter and total-N contents in all treatments. Therefore, green manure is a viable alternative that contributes to the success of ecological restoration projects in areas in the bauxite mining environment. Brazil preparation out general C S phytomass totalN total N treatments Therefore

Abstract The cocoa cabruca is as an agroforestry system with a density of trees equal to or greater than twenty individuals of native species per hectare cultivated in association with native or exotic trees in a discontinuous and random way in the Atlantic Forest biome.It is difficult to separate areas of cabruca cacao from the Dense Ombrophilous Forest by existing satellite imaging techniques.The study was developed in the southern region of Bahia, on two properties in the municipalities of Ilhéus and Uruçuca.The image processing methodology involved the Agisoft Photoscan software, with the multiresolution algorithm, the analysis of digital image data was performed to extract the objects and with the Feature Space Optimization tool, the set of variables that presented the best separation between land use classes.The use of UAVs was effective in classifying the mapped areas, and its use was proposed as an auxiliary tool in the application of the Decree. biomeIt biome It techniquesThe techniques Bahia UruçucaThe Uruçuca software algorithm classesThe classes Decree

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of filter cake biochar on the chemical and microbiological attributes of a dystrophic red-yellow latosol cultivated with macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), araçá (Psidium firmum) and cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile), species native to the Cerrado. Thus, the responses of soil attributes were evaluated 120 days after transplanting the seedlings using four doses of biochar (1%, 2%, 4% and 8% v/v) and two control treatments (one with soil correction and fertilization and the other with no fertilization). The attributes evaluated were pH, contents of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, CTC, total and microbial organic carbon and nitrogen, and C:N ratio. For the soils cultivated with the three Cerrado species, the 1% dose of biochar and mineral fertilization were the treatments that best conditioned the soil during the cultivation period and promoted a better response of the chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil. redyellow red yellow Acrocomia aculeata, aculeata , aculeata) Psidium firmum Anacardium humile, humile humile) Thus 12 1%, 1 (1% 2 2% 4 8 v/v vv v one fertilization. . fertilization) pH calcium magnesium phosphorus potassium CTC nitrogen CN C N ratio (1 (

Abstract The objective of this study was to carry out an inventory of the vascular plant species of Serra do Jatobá in the municipality of Milagres, Bahia. The survey included species of all habits and respective degrees of endemism, phytogeographic domains and threat categories, to contribute data about the flora of the Bahia semiarid region to enable management and preservation of species, to support the future creation of conservation units in Bahia inselbergs. We recorded 317 species, 208 genera and 71 families, with predominance of species belonging to the Bromeliaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae families. We identified 53 endemic species of the Caatinga, and 18 exclusive to the Atlantic Forest. Of these species, 24 are endemic to Bahia and five species are considered vulnerable. The floristic survey of Serra do Jatobá demonstrated high biodiversity, reinforcing the importance of ongoing research in the area for the implementation of a conservation unit. Milagres endemism categories inselbergs 31 20 7 families Bromeliaceae Fabaceae 5 Caatinga 1 Forest 2 vulnerable biodiversity unit 3