Abstract The quality, efficacy, and safety of medicines are usually verified by analytical results. Measurement uncertainty is a critical aspect for the reliability of these analytical results. The pharmacopeial compendia usually adopt a simple acceptance rule that does not consider information from measurement uncertainty. In this work, we compared decision-making using simple acceptance and decision rules with the use of guard-band for multiparameter evaluation of ofloxacin ophthalmic solution and acyclovir topical cream. Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution and acyclovir topical cream samples were subject to pharmacopeial tests and assays. Multivariate guard-band widths were calculated by multiplying the standard uncertainty (u) by an appropriate multivariate coverage factor (k’). The multivariate coverage factor (k’) was obtained by the Monte Carlo method. According to the simple acceptance rule, all the results obtained for ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution and acyclovir topical cream are within the specification limits. However, the risk of false conformity decisions increases for ciprofloxacin tests. Decisions made using the simple acceptance rule and decision rules with the use of guard-band may differ. The simple acceptance rule may increase the risk of false conformity decisions when the measured value is close to the regulatory specification limits and/or when the measurement uncertainty value is inappropriately high. Nevertheless, the guard-band decision rule will always reduce the risk of false conformity decisions. Therefore, using information on measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment is highly recommended to ensure the proper efficacy, safety, and quality of medicines. efficacy work decisionmaking making guardband guard band assays u (u k. k . (k’ method However differ andor or high Nevertheless Therefore (k

Abstract A simple, rapid, precise, accurate and sustainable spectrofluorimetric method (SFM) was developed, validated and applied for the determination of 4-aminobenzoic acid and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine). These compounds are used in biopharmaceutical formulations and therefore must be analyzed by quality control laboratories to meet the criteria established in pharmacopoeias. In general, potentiometric titration (PT) is described in the compendia as the official analytical technique. However, this method showed low sensitivity and selectivity, and moreover was performed with a non-aqueous solvent (acetic acid), which led to higher consumption of reagents and consequently to the formation of residues. Therefore, the SFM was developed in aqueous medium at pH 7.2 using phosphate buffer. It was successfully validated according to the ICH guidelines and showed good linearity range (r>0.999), specificity, accuracy and precision (within and between days) and robustness. The test results were compared between the SFM and PT using raw material samples, while according to the F- and t-tests at 95% confidence level, no statistical difference was found between the methods. simple rapid precise (SFM 4aminobenzoic aminobenzoic 4 phenylalanine, phenylalanine (phenylalanine tyrosine. tyrosine . tyrosine) pharmacopoeias general (PT technique However selectivity nonaqueous non acetic acid, , acid) residues Therefore 72 7 2 7. buffer r>0.999, r0999 r r>0.999 0 999 (r>0.999) specificity within days robustness samples F ttests t tests 95 level methods r099 r>0.99 99 (r>0.999 9 r09 r>0.9 (r>0.99 r0 r>0. (r>0.9 r>0 (r>0. r> (r>0 (r> (r

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. New AD treatments are essential, and drug repositioning is a promising approach. In this study, we combined ligand-based and structure-based approaches to identify potential candidates among FDA-approved drugs for AD treatment. We used the human acetylcholinesterase receptor structure (PDB ID: 4EY7) and applied Rapid Overlay of Chemical Structures and Swiss Similarity for ligand-based screening.Computational shape-based screening revealed 20 out of 760 FDA approved drugs with promising structural similarity to Donepezil, an AD treatment AChE inhibitor and query molecule. The screened hits were further analyzed using docking analysis with Autodock Vina and Schrodinger glide. Predicted binding affinities of hits to AChE receptor guided prioritization of potential drug candidates. Doxazosin, Oxypertine, Cyclopenthiazide, Mestranol, and Terazosin exhibited favorable properties in shape similarity, docking energy, and molecular dynamics stability.Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes over 100 ns. Binding free energy analysis using MM-GBSA indicated favourable binding energies for the selected drugs. ADME, formulation studies offered insights into therapeutic applications and predicted toxicity.This comprehensive computational approach identified potential FDA-approved drugs (especially Doxazosin) as candidates for repurposing in AD treatment, warranting further investigation and clinical assessment. Alzheimers Alzheimer s decline essential study ligandbased ligand based structurebased FDAapproved PDB ID 4EY7 EY screeningComputational Computational shapebased 2 76 Donepezil molecule glide Doxazosin Oxypertine Cyclopenthiazide Mestranol stabilityMolecular Molecular 10 ns MMGBSA MM GBSA ADME toxicityThis toxicity This especially assessment 4EY 7 1

Abstract For places where non-sterile drug production occurs, regulatory bodies recommend monitoring of the environmental bioburden. This procedure provides information regarding possible microbiological risks to which the products may be exposed, so that subsequent action measures may be implemented. The aim of the present work was to quantify and characterize the microorganisms present in Grade D (ISO 8) cleanrooms of a Brazilian pharmaceutical industry, identifying any possible seasonal climatic influences on these environments. Sampling was performed by surface and air monitoring, over 12 months during the year 2019, in rooms that were in operation. For both sampling methods, no statistically significant differences in bacteria and fungi counts were found between months or seasonal periods. Microorganisms that presented higher incidence included Staphylococcus epidermidis (15%) and Micrococcus spp. (13%), common to the human microbiota, and the fungi Cladosporium sp. (23%) and Penicillium sp. (21%), typical of the external environment. The results showed that microbial contamination in the Grade D cleanrooms was within the permissible maximum levels and remained similar throughout the year. Microbiological quality control in the clean areas of the pharmaceutical industry investigated was considered effective, with regular maintenance being necessary to keep bioburden levels controlled. nonsterile non sterile occurs exposed implemented ISO 8 environments 1 2019 operation methods periods 15% 15 (15% spp 13%, 13 13% , (13%) microbiota sp 23% 23 (23% 21%, 21 21% (21%) environment effective controlled 201 (15 (13% 2 (23 (21% 20 (1 (13 (2 (21 (

Abstract There are a limited number of studies examining the effects of the pandemic on the daily lives of Turkish community pharmacists, and no research investigating the impact on the lives of Turkish hospital pharmacists has been found. This study aimed to examine the effects of the pandemic on the personal and professional lives of Turkish community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In this qualitative study design, a comprehensive set of interviews was conducted with a total of 13 community pharmacists and 7 hospital pharmacists, employing a semi-structured interview guide. Through thematic content analysis of the interviews, four main themes, 1) long-term impacts, 2) dealing strategies, 3) professional life impacts, 4) personal life impacts, have emerged for both community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In addition to the psychological impacts and supply chain issues commonly mentioned in the literature, the study revealed ongoing effects such as the inability to sell available products and economic difficulties. Also, the increased demand for over-the-counter products during the pandemic highlights the need for the government to develop policies to address this issue. found design 1 semistructured semi structured guide themes longterm long term 2 strategies 3 4 literature difficulties Also overthecounter over counter issue

Abstract We developed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)-based nanoparticles containing D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS) or Poloxamer 407 as stabilizers to efficiently encapsulate genistein (GN). Two formulations, referred to as PNTPGS and PNPol, were prepared using nanoprecipitation. They were characterized by size and PDI distribution, zeta potential, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), GN association (AE%), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PNTPGS-GN exhibited a particle size of 141.2 nm, a PDI of 0.189, a zeta potential of -32.9 mV, and an AE% of 77.95%. PNPol-GN had a size of 146.3 nm, a better PDI than PNTPGS-GN (0.150), a less negative zeta potential (-21.0 mV), and an AE% of 68.73%. Thermal and spectrometric analyses indicated that no new compounds were formed, and there was no incompatibility detected in the formulations. Cellular studies revealed that Poloxamer 407 conferred less toxicity to PCL nanoparticles. However, the percentage of uptake decreased compared to the use of TPGS, which exhibited almost 80% cellular uptake. This study contributes to the investigation of stabilizers capable of conferring stability to PCL nanoparticles efficiently encapsulating GN. Thus, the PCL nanoparticle proposed here is an innovative nanomedicine for melanoma therapy and represents a strong candidate for specific pre-clinical and in vivo studies. polyεcaprolactone poly ε caprolactone PCLbased based Dαtocopherol D α tocopherol glycol1000 glycol 1000 glycol-100 TPGS (TPGS 40 . (GN) formulations PNPol nanoprecipitation distribution NTA, NTA , (NTA) AE%, AE (AE%) FTIR, FTIR FT IR (FT-IR) DSC. DSC (DSC) PNTPGSGN 1412 141 2 141. nm 0189 0 189 0.189 32.9 329 32 9 -32. mV 7795 77 95 77.95% PNPolGN 1463 146 3 146. 0.150, 0150 0.150 150 (0.150) 21.0 210 21 (-21. mV) 6873 68 73 68.73% formed However 80 Thus preclinical pre clinical glycol100 100 glycol-10 4 (GN (NTA (AE% (FT-IR (DSC 14 018 18 0.18 32. -32 779 7 77.95 015 0.15 15 (0.150 21. (-21 687 6 68.73 8 glycol10 10 glycol-1 (AE 1 01 0.1 -3 77.9 (0.15 (-2 68.7 glycol1 glycol- 0. - 77. (0.1 (- 68. (0. ( (0

Abstract This study presents the first preliminary phytochemical screening and investigation of the lipoidal matter of Latania verschaffeltii Lem. leaves, belonging to the Arecaceae family. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used to analyze and identify compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable content. The preliminary phytochemical screening of total methanolic extract of Latania verschaffeltii Lem. leaves revealed the presence of unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic acids in the leaves. However, cardenolides, cyanogenic compounds, alkaloids, and iridoids were not detected. The results of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis indicated that the percentage of saturated fatty acids (83.82%) is higher than that of unsaturated fatty acids (9.42%). The predominant methyl ester of a saturated fatty acid detected in the sample was hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, accounting for 41.68% of the total. The composition of the unsaponifiable matter consisted of hydrocarbons (5.66%), fatty alcohols (0.96%), terpenes (85.97%), and sterols (2.18%). The major terpenes observed were phytol (43.62%) and squalene (39.27%). Lem family GC/MS GCMS GC MS (GC/MS content andor or triterpenes glycosides flavonoids tannins saponins However cardenolides alkaloids chromatographymass 83.82% 8382 83 82 (83.82% 9.42%. 942 9.42% . 9 42 (9.42%) 4168 41 68 41.68 5.66%, 566 5.66% , 5 66 (5.66%) 0.96%, 096 0.96% 0 96 (0.96%) 85.97%, 8597 85.97% 85 97 (85.97%) 2.18%. 218 2.18% 2 18 (2.18%) 43.62% 4362 43 62 (43.62% 39.27%. 3927 39.27% 39 27 (39.27%) 83.82 838 8 (83.82 94 9.42 4 (9.42% 416 6 41.6 56 5.66 (5.66% 09 0.96 (0.96% 859 85.97 (85.97% 21 2.18 1 (2.18% 43.62 436 (43.62 392 39.27 3 (39.27% 83.8 (83.8 9.4 (9.42 41. 5.6 (5.66 0.9 (0.96 85.9 (85.97 2.1 (2.18 43.6 (43.6 39.2 (39.27 83. (83. 9. (9.4 5. (5.6 0. (0.9 85. (85.9 2. (2.1 43. (43. 39. (39.2 (83 (9. (5. (0. (85. (2. (43 (39. (8 (9 (5 (0 (85 (2 (4 (39 ( (3

Abstract The last decade provided significant advances in the understanding of microbiota and its role in human health. Probiotics are live microorganisms with proven benefits for the host and were mostly studied in the context of gut health, but they can also confer significant benefits for oral health, mainly in the treatment of gingivitis. Postbiotics are cell-free extracts and metabolites of microorganisms which can provide additional preventive and therapeutic value for human health. This opens opportunities for new preventive or therapeutic formulations for oral administration. The microorganisms that colonize the oral cavity, their role in oral health and disease, as well as the probiotics and postbiotics which could have beneficial effects in this complex environment were discussed. The aim of this study was to review, analyse and discuss novel probiotic and postbiotic formulations intended for oral administration that could be of great preventive and therapeutic importance. A special attention has been put on the formulation of the pharmaceutical dosage forms that are expected to provide new benefits for the patients and technological advantages relevant for industry. An adequate dosage form could significantly enhance the efficiency of these products. gingivitis cellfree cell free cavity disease discussed review importance industry products

Abstract Humans are exposed to natural compounds such as phytoestrogens primarily through diet and supplements. These compounds promote health by alleviating the symptoms and illnesses associated with menopause and arthritis. Diosgenin (DSG) occurs naturally in plants such as Dioscorea villosa (DV) and binds to estrogen receptors, so it may have similar effects to this hormone, including against arthritis. Thus, we investigated the effect of chronic treatment with dry extract of DV and its phytoestrogen DSG on ovariectomized mice with arthritis. We found that dry extract of Dioscorea villosa (DV) contains the phytoestrogen diosgenin (DSG) in its composition. Furthermore, arthritic mice treated with DV and DSG showed reduced neutrophil accumulation in the articular cartilage. Also, the dry extract of DV administered orally (v.o) did not alter the leukocyte count in the joints or promote changes in the reproductive tract. However, DSG altered these parameters, with possible beneficial effects by reducing symptoms related to reproductive aging. Thus, oral treatment with dry extract of DV and subcutaneous (s.c) treatment with DSG showed promise by acting against inflammation caused by arthritis and reducing symptoms in the reproductive tract due to menopause. supplements (DSG (DV receptors hormone Thus composition Furthermore cartilage Also v.o vo v o (v.o However parameters aging s.c sc s c (s.c

Abstract We investigated the vasodilatory effects of Hymenaea rubriflora Ducke stem bark extract (HR- HAc). Vascular reactivity of the aortic rings of Wistar rats was tested by in vitro cumulative doses (0.1 - 729 μg/mL). Rats (n=5) were treated with 25 (G25), 50 (G50) and 100 (G100) mg/ kg of HR-HAc or saline (control group - CG) for four weeks. An in vitro assay resulted in dose-dependent relaxation of the aortic rings with functional endothelium, which was inhibited in the presence of L-NAME. Rings of the treated animals increased acetylcholine relaxing potency at all doses, with a greater effect on G50 (pD2 = 7.8±0.1, Emax = 95.6±1.1) and a decreased contractile potency to phenylephrine in G25 (pD2 = 6.9±0.06, Emax = 61.5±6.0%) and G50 (pD2= 6.6±0.06, Emax = 71.0±8.5%) when compared to the CG in the presence and absence of endothelium (pD2= 6.4± 0.1, 6.4±0.1 and 6.9±0.1, respectively). Cumulative doses of nitroprusside resulted in increased relaxing potency in all treated groups and maintained Emax at 100%. It is concluded that HR-HAc has vasorelaxant capacity and inhibitory vascular contraction activity applied either directly to aortic rings or after treatment with in vivo supplementation, which places this extract as a potential nutraceutical or pharmacological agent for treating diseases associated with vascular dysfunction. HR (HR HAc. HAc . HAc) 0.1 01 0 1 (0. 72 μg/mL. μgmL μg/mL μg mL μg/mL) n=5 n5 n 5 (n=5 2 G25, G , (G25) (G50 10 G100 (G100 mg HRHAc control weeks dosedependent dose dependent LNAME. LNAME L NAME. NAME L-NAME G5 pD2 pD (pD 7801 7 8 7.8±0.1 95.6±1.1 95611 95 6 G2 69006 9 06 6.9±0.06 61.5±6.0% 61560 61 pD2= 66006 6.6±0.06 71.0±8.5% 71085 71 64 4 6.4 6401 6.4±0. 6901 6.9±0.1 respectively. respectively respectively) 100% supplementation dysfunction 0. (0 n= (n= (G25 (G5 G10 (G10 780 7.8±0. 95.6±1. 9561 6900 6.9±0.0 61.5±6.0 6156 6600 6.6±0.0 71.0±8.5 7108 6. 640 6.4±0 690 6.9±0. ( (n (G2 (G G1 (G1 78 7.8±0 95.6±1 956 61.5±6. 615 660 6.6±0. 71.0±8. 710 69 6.9±0 7.8± 95.6± 61.5±6 66 6.6±0 71.0±8 6.9± 7.8 95.6 61.5± 6.6± 71.0± 6.9 7. 95. 61.5 6.6 71.0 61. 71.

Abstract A novel, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed and validated for the characterization of the preclinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin under pregnant conditions. Plasma samples (25 µL) were treated with 30 µL of ethanol absolute (containing the internal standard, IS). After a centrifugation process, aliquots of supernant (5 µL) were injected into the chromatographic system. Compounds were eluted on a Xbridge C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted in a mixture of aqueous solution of 0.4% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v). The wavelengths were set at 305 nm (excitation) and 408 nm (emission) and the total analysis time was 8 min/sample. All validation tests were obtained with accuracy and precision, according to FDA guidelines, over the concentration range of 0.005-20 µg/mL. Pharmacokinetic study showed that melatonin systemic exposure increased from day 14, with a significant difference at 19 days of gestation compared to the control group. Our findings suggest a decreased metabolism of melatonin as result of temporary physiological changes that occur throughout pregnancy. However, other maternal physiological changes cannot be ruled out. novel highperformance high performance conditions 25 (2 3 containing standard IS. IS . IS) process ( system C C1 150 (15 46 4 6 4. id i d i.d. size 30C 30°C 04 0 0.4 7030 70 (70:3 v/v. vv v/v v v/v) excitation (excitation 40 emission (emission minsample min sample min/sample precision guidelines 0.00520 000520 0.005 20 005 0.005-2 µgmL µg mL µg/mL 14 1 group pregnancy However out 2 15 (1 i.d 0. 703 7 (70: 00520 0.0052 00052 0005 0.00 00 0.005- (70 0052 000 0.0 (7

Abstract The goal of this work is to identify new fatty acid-mimetic 99mTc-complexes to be used as myocardial imaging agents that allow studying heart abnormalities in high-risk patients. In this sense, we designed a fatty acid-mimetic substructure including an amide moiety that, among other properties, could improve myocardial residence time. A diamide with a chain length of 15 atoms and porting a 6-hydrazinonicotinyl (HYNIC) chelator, and an analog with a short carbon-chain, were prepared with convergent organic synthetic procedures and radiolabeled with 99mTc using tricine as the sole coligand. The in vivo proofs of concept were performed using healthy mice. The new 99mTc-complexes were obtained with adequate radiochemical purity. The lipophilicities were in agreement with the length of the chains. While both 99mTc-complexes showed uptake in the myocardial muscle, the designed radiopharmaceutical with the longest chain length had preferential target-uptake and target-retention compared to other complexes described in the bibliography. Further studies, involving imaging assays, synthetic modifications, and assay of new coligands for 99mTc-HYNIC complexes, are currently ongoing. acidmimetic acid mimetic 99mTccomplexes mTccomplexes mTc highrisk high risk patients sense properties time 1 6hydrazinonicotinyl hydrazinonicotinyl 6 HYNIC (HYNIC chelator carbonchain, carbonchain carbon chain, carbon-chain coligand mice purity chains muscle targetuptake target targetretention retention bibliography studies assays modifications 99mTcHYNIC mTcHYNIC ongoing

Abstract Medicines must be subject to physical, chemical, and biological analysis to guarantee their quality, safety, and effectiveness. Despite the efforts to ensure the reliability of analytical results, some uncertainty will always be associated with the measured value, which can lead to false decisions regarding conformity/non-conformity assessment. This work aims to calculate the specific risk of false decisions regarding conformity/non-conformity of acetaminophen oral solution dosage form. The acetaminophen samples from five different manufacturers (A, B, C, D, and E) were subject to an active pharmaceutical ingredient assay, density test, and dose per drop test according to the official compendia. Based on measured values and their respective uncertainties, the risk values were calculated using the Monte Carlo method implemented in an MS Excel spreadsheet. The results for two acetaminophen oral solution samples (C and D) provided an increased total risk value of false acceptance (33.1% and 9.6% for C and D, respectively). On the other hand, the results for the other three acetaminophen samples (A, B, and E) provided a negligible risk of false acceptance (0.004%, 0.025%, and 0.045% for A, B, and E, respectively). This indicates that measurement uncertainty is very relevant when a conformity assessment is carried out, and information on the risks of false decisions is essential to ensure proper decisions. physical chemical quality safety effectiveness conformity/nonconformity conformitynonconformity conformity/non non form A (A B D E assay compendia uncertainties spreadsheet 33.1% 331 33 1 (33.1 96 9 6 9.6 respectively. respectively . respectively) hand 0.004%, 0004 0 004 (0.004% 0025 025 0.025% 0045 045 0.045 out nonconformity conformitynon 33.1 3 (33. 9. 0.004% 000 00 (0.004 002 02 0.025 04 0.04 33. (33 0.004 (0.00 0.02 0.0 (3 0.00 (0.0 0. ( (0. (0

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent condition among men worldwide, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased costs to health systems due to hospitalization and death. This study aimed to explore and understand the evolution of PCa in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Data were obtained from the National Health System Department of Informatics (DATASUS) using code C61 for malignant prostatic neoplasms. We presented the hospitalization and mortality rates in a temporal-, regional- and age-dependent manner. From 2008 to 2018, a year-dependent increase in hospital admissions due to PCa was reported in Brazil, in which the Southeast region showed the highest prevalence. Men aged ≥80 and those 70-79 years old had similar hospitalization rates, followed by men aged 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. Similarly, an increase in deaths due to PCa was reported during this period, with the highest rates seen in the Southeast. Men aged ≥80 years had higher mortality rates, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. The results obtained indicate an age- and region-dependent increase in PCa morbidity and mortality in Brazil overtime and may contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role and future perspective of the health care system in Brazil. (PCa worldwide death 200 2018 DATASUS (DATASUS C C6 neoplasms temporal, temporal , temporal- regional agedependent age dependent manner yeardependent year prevalence 80 ≥8 7079 70 79 70-7 6069, 6069 60 69, 69 60-69 5059, 5059 50 59, 59 50-59 4049 40 49 40-4 3039 30 39 30-3 Similarly period 7079, 79, regiondependent 20 201 8 ≥ 707 7 70- 606 6 60-6 505 5 50-5 404 4 40- 303 3 30- 2 60- 50-

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is a tumor of the central nervous system. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and αB-crystalline are two proteins involved in glioblastoma development. In this study, we investigated whether the FAK/αB-crystalline interaction is important for glioblastoma cells, we aimed to investigate the interaction of these two proteins in the glioblastoma multiforme cell line U87-MG. Two peptides named FP01 peptide (derived from αB-crystalline) and FP02 peptide (derived from FAK) were synthesized for this study. Treatment of U87-MG with the peptides FP01 and FP02 in the concentration at 50 µM reduced the viability cellular to around 41% and 51%, respectively. Morphological alterations in the cells treated with the peptides when compared to the control were observed. This study suggests that the interaction between FAK and αB-crystalline is important for the viability of glioblastoma cells. system (FAK αBcrystalline αB crystalline development FAK/αBcrystalline FAKαBcrystalline FAK/αB U87MG. U87MG UMG U87 MG. MG U FP FP0 derived 5 41 51 51% respectively observed FAKαB U8 4