Aim this study is to evaluate the effect of corrosion on flexural fracture resistance in orthodontic mini-implants composed of two materials and submerged in salivary substitutes with or without fluoride. Methods twenty mini-implants were used, 10 from SIN Company (Ti6AL4V alloys) and 10 from Morelli (steel alloys), (G1: Ti6AL4V in fluoride-free saliva solution; G2: Ti6AL4V in saliva solution with 1500 ppm of fluoride; G3: Steel in saliva without fluoride; and G4: Steel in saliva with 1500 ppm of fluoride). The samples were taken to a potentiostat to evaluate the corrosion, and then were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the mini-implants underwent flexural fracture resistance tests. Kruskal-Wallis test with the Student-Newman-Keuls comparison evaluated the corrosion and pitting potentials of each group. ANOVA and Tukey’s comparison test at a 1% significance level. Results All groups suffered corrosion potential and pitting potential, but those that were in solutions with the presence of fluoride showed less resistance to the formation of corrosion pits (G1 and G3). In the SEM analysis after flexural resistance, small cavities suggestive of pitting corrosion were noted. The G4 was the only one that formed the passivation potential. In the fracture resistance test, mini-implants manufactured by Ti6AL4V fractured with less force applied (G1 and G2). Most steel mini-implants (G3 and G4) only deformed with a higher force application. Conclusion Fluoride acts to corrode mini-implants, regardless of their manufacturing material. Regarding flexural resistence, the corrosion rate of the mini implants did`nt influence the fracture resistance values.

Aim This study aimed to assess the effects of a hydroelectrolytic beverage on the surface roughness and microhardness of different bulk fill resin composites. Methods Sixty resin composite samples were prepared and divided into three groups: FiltekTM Z350 (C), FiltekTM One Bulk Fill (BF-F), and Opus Bulk Fill APS (BF-O). These were further subdivided to analyze two beverage groups: GatoradeTM Lemon (GL) and distilled water (control). Surface roughness (Ra), surface microhardness (KHN), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results were evaluated (n=10). The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA (for roughness) or three-way ANOVA (for microhardness), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05). Results The C group exhibited higher microhardness than the BF-F and BF-O groups, regardless of the solution used. A reduction in microhardness was observed in all groups when comparing initial and final time points. SEM images revealed variations in the size, amount, and arrangement of particles among the different resin composites. Conclusion The study concluded that the microhardness of different bulk fill resin composites decreases when exposed to either the hydroelectrolytic beverage or distilled water. However, the type of immersion liquid did not influence the surface roughness of the evaluated composite resins.

Background and Aim It is acknowledged that controlling the vertical dimension is a crucial and frequently challenging aspect of orthodontic treatment. The present study evaluated the micro-implant effect in angle class II malocclusion patients. Methods All articles published in international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase between 2012 and July 2022 are included. Meta-analysis data collected from selected studies were performed using Stata/MP.V17 software. Results The abstracts of 718 studies were reviewed, and finally, 12 studies were selected. The mean differences of vertical change of lower and upper molar between micro-implants were -0.88 (MD, 95% CI -1.15, -0.60; p=0.00). Conclusion Based on the present study’s findings, using a Micro-implant compared to conventional anchorage has better vertical control. It is suggested that future studies be conducted with a similar cognitive methodology of higher quality and get help from methodological guidelines.

Aim To evaluate parents’ knowledge about obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in preschoolers in the primary dentition in the city of Parnaíba-PI. Methods The questionnaire on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children was applied to parents of children between 2 and 6 years of age, in the deciduous dentition who were attending preschool in public and private kindergarten. It contained objective questions distributed in two parts: the first that determined the epidemiological profile of parents and children; the second part with 22 questions that checked the parents’ knowledge about the child’s sleep and behavior during the day. As an interpretation, the questionnaires that presented 36.3% of the answers YES to the 22 specific questions, the child was considered at high probability for developing OSAS. Results The average age of the children was approximately 4 years old. Regarding weight, an average of 22 kilos and an average height of 107.45 cm and an average BMI of 18.75, confirmed by notes on the vaccination card. Loud snoring, loud or heavy breathing, and overweight were significantly associated with OSAS (p < 0.001). From a total of 250 children, it was observed that the prevalence rate of high possibility for the development of OSAS was 6% (n=15). Conclusion Parents were not aware of OSAS, but after applying the questionnaire, they were able to understand the suggestive signs of the syndrome and the importance of early diagnosis.

Aim To demonstrate the antifungal and healing properties of Calendula officinalis. Methods We included four assays: inhibition halo, germicidal test, cytotoxicity test, and scratch test. Results The extract at 100% and 50% concentrations was effective, and both presentations (Calendula officinalis extract and Calendula officinalis infusion) exhibited no cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the infusion demonstrated a high healing effect without affecting the morphology of the cell monolayer and promoted fibroblastic proliferation. The extract did not show the expected healing results. Conclusions Calendula officinalis holds considerable potential for further research across various biological processes, highlighting its promise as a subject for continued investigation.

Aim This study assessed the activity of neuron/odontoblast receptors and neuropeptide release, under an animal model of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methods Wistar rats were allocated in two groups (n=10): in test group DH was induced by a validated protocol in which a sports drink (pH 3.08) was ingested for 45d, while in control group, the animals ingested filtered water instead. Animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected to measure plasma corticosterone levels. Dental pulp samples (n=6) were processed for Western Blot and ELISA analysis of TRPV1 (mechano-, thermo- and chemoreceptor), P2X7 (adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mechanosensitive receptor), TRPM8 (cold-sensitive receptor) and substance P (neurogenic peptide released by neuron activation and due to TRPV1 expression). Data were analyzed using Student’s t tests (α=0.05). Results DH significantly increased expression of TRPV1 (p=0.002), P2X7 (p=0.007) and substance P (p<0.001) but did not significantly affect the activity of TRPM8 (p=0.079). Conclusion Under DH condition, neurons and odontoblasts expressed TRPV1 and P2X7 receptors as well as increased substance P release, demonstrating cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying DH.

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm capacity against Enterococcus faecalis of endodontic sealers AH Plus Jet and the calcium silicate-based sealers, Bio-C Sealer and Sealer Plus BC. Methods All experiments were performed with fresh endodontic sealers without setting. For this, antibacterial agar diffusion test, analysis of antibiofilm activity evaluated by confocal microscopy, assessment of cell viability and pH evaluation were used. Results In the agar diffusion test, all sealers showed an ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In the antibiofilm analysis by confocal microscopy, all the evaluated sealers showed the ability to reduce the mature bacterial biofilm. A pH analysis was also performed in the period from 1min to 72h; calcium silicate-based sealers presented a more alkaline pH than AH Plus Jet, and Bio-C Sealer presented a pH greater than 11 in all the analyzed periods. In the assessment of cell viability AH Plus Jet demonstrated a lower cell viability after 24h. However, after 72h, all sealers led to a reduction in cell viability when compared to control. Conclusions Bio-C Sealer and Sealer Plus BC and AH Plus Jet showed similar antibiofilm capacity against mature E. faecalis biofilms. Furthermore, all evaluated sealers showed antibacterial capacity in the agar diffusion test, and AH Plus Jet and Bio-C Sealer showed significantly greater inhibition of bacterial growth than Sealer Plus BC. Thus, evaluated sealers demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis. Knowledge about the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers for E. faecalis is relevant, as it is currently one of the main causes of failure in endodontic treatment.

Aim This study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation into odontoblasts. Methods SHED was treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 (1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ng/mL). Sulforhodamine B and MTT assays evaluated the cell proliferation and viability at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days and Migration assay at 24h. RT-PCR verified Dentin matrix protein1 (DMP-1) and Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA expression for 1, 7 and 14 days. The data were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). Results All tested TGF-β1 concentrations increased SHED proliferation compared with the negative control (untreated), from day 3 of treatment (p=0.000), with no loss of cell viability. Cell migration was higher in media containing TGF-β1 (1.0-10.0 ng/mL) than in negative and positive control media, with 10 or 20% Fetal Bovine Serum, respectively (p=0.000). Treatment with TGF-β1 for up to 14 days induced the expression of the odontoblast markers DMP-1 and DSPP. DMP-1 expression was intense early after treatment with 10.0 ng/mL TGF-β1 and increased progressively from days 1-14 of treatment with 1.0 and 5.0 ng/mL TGF-β1. In contrast, DSPP expression was detected after 14 days of treatment with 10.0 ng/mL TGF-β1. Conclusion Different concentrations of TGF-β1 on SHED promoted positive effect on proliferation and migration, with no loss of cell viability. The concentrations of 10.0 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 14 days induced the expression of the odontoblast markers DMP-1 and DSPP.

Aim To evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] in the presence or absence of surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAK) on the bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer to root dentin. Methods Fifty decoronated permanent human maxillary lateral incisors, with a single main canal and complete root development, were divided into 5 groups (n=10) according to the irrigant: 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), (control); 2.5% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.008% BAK; 2.5%Ca(OCl)2; and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 + 0.008% BAK. Irrigation was performed using the syringe and needle. The root canal was prepared with 40.06 nickel-titanium instruments, under irrigation with 20 mL of the solution corresponding. Roots were filled using the single cone technique with gutta-percha and epoxy resin-based sealer. A slice from each third was obtained and subjected to the push-out test by applying an apical-coronal force until failure. Data were analyzed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test adjusted using the Bonferroni method (α = 0.05). Results The groups treated with 2.5% NaOCl and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 showed bond strength similar to the control group (p > 0.05). The use of an additional 0.008% of BAK was able to increase the bond strength after the use of 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p < 0.05) and did not change the bond strength after the use of 2.5% NaOCl (p > 0.05). Conclusions The NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 exhibited comparable bond strength values. Nevertheless, when the surfactant BAK was addition into both solutions, only Ca(OCl)2 demonstrated an increase in adhesion.

Aim The objectives of this scoping review are to map the evidence available in the literature on using the GentleWave System (GWS) in endodontic treatments and to identify knowledge gaps. Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. We included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case series and cross-sectional studies that evaluated or reported using the GWS. In vitro studies assessing the GWS versus a control group were included. Studies were independently selected by two researchers based on eligibility criteria. Two reviewers each extracted data from half of the included studies. The following data were extracted: study design, purpose, number of study groups, sample size and sample type, analyzed outcome, outcome measurement and main results. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results Twenty-seven studies were included. In vitro studies were the most frequent study design (85.2%). Of these studies, 13 evaluated root canal disinfection. The general results demonstrated that the GWS produces results superior to the observed comparison groups. Only four studies were conducted in humans (13.8%): three prospective clinical studies and one randomized clinical trial. However, the results of these studies seem to demonstrate that the GWS is a promising treatment. Conclusion Available evidence demonstrates that knowledge about GWS is still very limited. Although most of the studies in our review demonstrated that the GWS performed better than or similar to other observed systems, caution should be exercised regarding its clinical recommendation, as evidence of its superiority comes only from in vitro studies.

The COVID-19 pandemic quickly spread throughout many countries, affecting the functioning of various important services, including services in dentistry, and led to profound changes. Aim This study aims to highlight the problems faced by members of the Brazilian Society of Stomatology and Oral Pathology (SOBEP), during the period of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred and eighteen members of the SOBEP received, by e-mail, an online structured questionnaire, on the Google Forms platform (Google®), with questions related to the clinical and research activities developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Of the 318 members of the SOBEP, 139 (43.7%) answered the questionnaire. Of the 139 associates, 88 were females (63.3%), distributed in five Brazilian Regions, and twenty states, and Federal District. Thirty-three (23.7%) associates work in two areas, stomatology and oral pathology, being the workplace throughout the area of operation public higher education institutions. Importantly, 112 (80.6%) members reported that they are developing their activities with restriction, and 95 (68.3%) members reported changes in their workplace to meet the new biosafety standards. Ninety-one (65.5%) reported having noticed changes in their mental health. Conclusion The pandemic has caused numerous changes in the clinical activities of dentistry, and due to the risk of infection, several procedures within stomatology and oral pathology have been postponed. Thus, further studies are required in order to show the real impact of the pandemic in this area.

Aim To investigate the effects of using social media application associated with active learning methodologies on adherence to dental treatment among young adults. Methods This study controlled intervention was conducted in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2017, with 40 participants (age range from 19 to 24 years) randomized into Control (n=20) and Intervention Groups (n=20). For ten months the intervention group was invited to participate in a WhatsApp® group. This group used the pedagogical method of problematization with a discussion of oral health-related topics, while the Control Group was only instructed to seek dental treatment. The outcome was treatment adherence, evaluated by the mean period of time elapsed from beginning with follow-up of the study through to the time of the first consultation (Initial Time), and the time counted in days from the first consultation to conclusion of the treatment (Final Time) in both groups. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare adherence between the Groups and the Student’s-t test was used for initial and final times. Results The results revealed that 66.7% of the Intervention Group and 23.5% of the Control Group adhered to treatment (p<0.05). The number of decayed teeth was higher in the Control Group (p<0.05). Self-efficacy was higher in the Intervention Group (p<0.05). Conclusions WhatsApp® associated with active learning methodologies increased adherence to dental treatment.

Oral and maxillofacial prosthesis (OMP) is a specialty of Dentistry for prevention, protection, functional, and orofacial rehabilitation. Aim The present study aimed to describe the OMP Brazilian panorama, verifying specialists, patient access forms, and service characteristics. Methods OMP specialists were identified on the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) website. Additionally, professionals linked to the specialty were invited to answer a questionnaire (Google Forms®) through email or social networks. The questionnaire was available between October and November 2022. Data referring to the professional, service, and assistance were collected. Results CFO records showed 89 active registered OMP specialists. There were 35 responses to the online questionnaire. The majority of participants were women (74.1%), who were non-specialists (51.9%), with an average age of 54.26 years, while some were specialists in other areas of training such as dental prostheses and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Concerning services comprised universities, institutes, hospitals, and private networks, and most OMP services were located in the southeast region, especially in São Paulo, followed by the northeast and south regions. As for the developed prostheses, the most frequent etiology was malignant pathology, and the produced type is the ocular, followed by the obturator. Conclusions We concluded that OMP is still under development in Brazil and the number of professionals is small and regionalized. There is an imperative to establish new, specialized training centers and decentralize the presence of professionals, thus expanding access and enhancing services for oral and maxillofacial prostheses throughout Brazil.

Aim The aim of this study is to observe the perioperative discomfort resulting from oral surgeries, while also advancing the validation process of the Self-Perception Questionnaire of Dentoalveolar Oral Surgery (QCirDental). Methods The study was characterized as observational and cross-sectional. The sample was composed by 432 patients submitted to dental extractions. Where performed test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and exploratory factor analysis. Results The study demonstrated the reliability of the QCirDental questionnaire through test-retest (Cα .93) and split-half reliability analyses (First: r .92 p< .001; Second: r .92 p< .001). Three domains, namely Physical Feelings (PF), General Perceptions (GP), and Feeling of Loss (FL), were identified through exploratory factor analysis. The PF domain exhibited the strongest correlation (rs.95, p< .001) with the overall questionnaire score implying that it could be reduced to a set of 11 questions. Surgical time showed association with PF and GP; surgical complexity with PF and GP and; volume of local anesthesia with PF and GP. Conclusions This study provides insights into the factors influencing patient discomfort during oral surgeries. This research also advanced the validation process of QCirDental, confirming its reliability.

Dental caries is the most common oral health disease among school-aged children worldwide. Aim This study aims to identify the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene practices, and food habits among school children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at two secondary schools in Budhanikantha Municipality, Ward No. 2 and 12, with a total of 400 students participating. An oral examination was performed by a dentist, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were used to determine the presence of dental caries. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 was used for all analyses. Results Among the participants, the majority (66.3%) were aged 10-14 years, with a mean age of 13.58 years (±1.85), and were male (57.3%). The prevalence of dental caries was 63.0%, with a mean DMFT score of 1.67 (±1.82). Only 38.0% of participants brushed their teeth twice a day, and all used a toothbrush for brushing. Drinking tea with sugar (61%), eating sweets/candy (42%), and biscuits, cakes, and cream cakes (37.8%) were the most frequently consumed items and were consumed on a daily basis. Health-seeking behavior was poor, with the majority (32.8%) of participants not visiting the dentist within 12 months, and 22% never receiving dental care. Conclusion The study reveals a high prevalence of dental caries among school children, indicating a need for improved oral health practices and healthcare utilization. The low frequency of tooth brushing and high consumption of sugary foods and drinks suggest that oral health education and promotion of healthy habits are essential.