ABSTRACT. Sidewall openings play an important role in the indoor conditions of livestock buildings. It influences airflow patterns, air velocity distribution at the animal-occupied zones and the illumination level in the naturally ventilated animal building. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of sidewall opening areas on the performance of broiler chickens. Hence, this study investigated the effect of sidewall opening areas on the indoor condition and the body growth of broilers. Two buildings with different sidewall opening areas were developed with broiler chickens reared in them for 28 days. The results showed that air temperatures and relative humidity of the buildings were influenced by the outdoor temperature. The indoor air temperatures of the building exceeded the recommended thermal conditions (18 to 24ºC) for broiler chickens. Similarly, the temperature-humidity index of the building exceeded 21.0ºC recommended for broilers which could result in heat stress and poor performance of broiler chickens during extremely hot weather periods. It was also found in this study that broiler chickens could not perform optimally though they were fed ad libitum. Therefore, further studies are required to ascertain the impact of sidewall opening areas on broiler performance, behaviour and physiological responses. ABSTRACT patterns animaloccupied occupied However Hence 2 days temperature 18 (1 24ºC ºC Similarly temperaturehumidity 210ºC 21 0ºC periods libitum Therefore responses 1 (

ABSTRACT. This experiment investigated effects of phenological stages and ensiling length on chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus ensiled with Moringa oleifera seeds at different proportions. The grass was harvested at 8 (vegetative stage) and 11 (reproductive stage) weeks after planting and were ensiled with Moringa oleifera seeds at different proportions (100:0, 75:25 and 50:50) for 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Data collected were analyzed using the 2×3×4 factorial design. Result showed that the CP were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sole M. maximus silage at both phenological stages for 120 days (70.38 and 63.99 g kg-1) and also in sole M. maximus silage at reproductive stage ensiled for 90 days (68.82 g kg-1). The value of NDF for all proportions decreased with increasing length of ensiling with lowest value at 120 days. The highest tannin content was recorded for 50% M. oleifera seed silage at reproductive stage ensiled for 30 days (4.15 g kg-1). It can be concluded from this study that silages from both phenological stages containing M. oleifera seeds improved chemical composition as the ensiling length prolonged. ABSTRACT vegetative 1 1000, 1000 100 0, 0 (100:0 7525 75 25 75:2 5050 50 50:50 60 9 12 234 2 3 4 2×3× design P 0.05 005 05 M 70.38 7038 70 38 (70.3 6399 63 99 63.9 kg1 kg kg-1 68.82 6882 68 82 (68.8 kg1. . 4.15 415 15 (4.1 prolonged 10 (100: 752 7 75: 505 5 50:5 6 23 2×3 0.0 00 70.3 703 (70. 639 63. kg- 68.8 688 (68. 4.1 41 (4. (100 50: 2× 0. 70. (70 68. (68 4. (4 (10 (7 (6 ( (1

ABSTRACT. This research evaluated the effects of diets containing or not containing deactivated soybean sums on productive performance, carcass attributes, carcass ultrasound, and feed cost in confined heifers with 1/2 Nellore-Angus blood. We used blood from 60 1/2 Nellore-Angus heifers aged 2 or 25 years with a body weight of 404.62 kg. A completely randomized design was used, in which the animals were divided into 2 experimental groups: Cont (concentrated for semi feedlot without added deactivated soybean) and Bocchi (concentrated for semi feedlot with the addition of deactivated soybeans). There was no significant difference in the final weight between the experimental groups or for the consumption of concentrate in the evaluation periods. However, heifers supplemented with deactivated soybean in the diet showed greater daily weight gain than did those in the Cont group, as well as greater carcass weight, arrobas gain, and carcass yield. Bocchi concentrate was less expensive than Cont (U$ 7.26 ton-1). The addition of deactivated soybean for finishing cattle is indicated because it provided the animals with higher energy intake and positively influenced the productive performance as a final weight gain greater than that of the feed without adding the deactivated soybean in addition to lower production cost. ABSTRACT attributes ultrasound 12 1 1/ NelloreAngus Nellore Angus 6 40462 404 62 404.6 kg concentrated soybeans. soybeans . soybeans) periods However group yield U$ U (U 726 7 26 7.2 ton1. ton1 ton ton-1) 4046 40 404. 72 7. ton-1 4 ton-

ABSTRACT. The objective of this research is to address saiga conservation challenges amid significant anthropogenic pressures through a population model-based approach. The study involved an analysis of herd composition in terms of sex, age, and size over the years 2019-2022, with a focus on lamb weight measurements in 2022. Notably, 2021 witnessed a substantial decline in offspring numbers, with lambs being three times scarcer compared to 2020 and 5.2 times fewer than in 2022 (p ≤ 0.05). Male saigas exhibited a 3.1-fold reduction in birth rates in 2021 relative to 2020 and a 5.6-fold decrease compared to 2022 (p < 0.05). The fluctuations in the number of females and males across the three years were found to be statistically comparable (p ≥ 0.05). Since 2022, there has been a notable increase in the size of saiga herds, with counts reaching 450-500 animals compared to 2019-2020 (p ≤ 0.05). The observation identified a total of 93 saiga herds, with six of them consisting of more than 1,000 antelopes. The augmentation of male presence within herds is anticipated to contribute to sustaining saiga population growth. Achieving this outcome may necessitate the implementation of captive breeding initiatives or an integrated approach. ABSTRACT modelbased model based approach sex age 20192022, 20192022 2019 2019-2022 Notably 202 numbers 52 5 2 5. p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 3.1fold 31fold fold 3.1 3 1 5.6fold 56fold 5.6 6 450500 450 500 450-50 20192020 2019-202 9 1000 000 1,00 antelopes growth 2019202 201 20 00 0.0 1fold 31 3. 6fold 56 45050 45 50 450-5 2019-20 100 1,0 201920 0. 4505 4 450- 2019-2 10 1, 20192 2019-

ABSTRACT. Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis were assessed as to in vitro sensitivity to four commercial disinfectants (chlorine, polvidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and lactic acid) used in teat pre- and post-dipping, in the presence and absence of organic matter. The concentration of the disinfectants was determined in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Four isolates identified as S. aureus from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were subjected to susceptibility testing against disinfectants through an absorbance evaluation at 600 nm on a spectrophotometer. Exposure times (15”, 30”, 60” and 90”) were clocked, and streaking was performed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium. The iodine sample presented a lower concentration (1.9%) than that given by the manufacturer (2.5%). There was greater (p < 0.05) in vitro disinfectant activity for chlorhexidine and chlorine, with and without organic matter. However, inhibition by organic matter occurred more intensely in the iodine disinfectant (99.0%). The inhibition percentage of S. aureus against iodine and lactic acid at 15, 30, 60 and 90 s was numerically lower than against chlorhexidine and chlorine, regardless of organic matter. Therefore, chlorhexidine and chlorine have greater inhibitory activity against S. aureus, both with and without organic matter. ABSTRACT (chlorine polvidoneiodine, polvidoneiodine polvidone iodine, polvidone-iodine pre postdipping, postdipping post dipping, dipping post-dipping Pharmacopoeia S spectrophotometer 15 , (15” 30 30” 90” clocked BHI (BHI medium 1.9% 19 1 9 (1.9% 2.5%. 25 2.5% . 2 5 (2.5%) p 0.05 005 0 05 However 99.0%. 990 99.0% 99 (99.0%) 6 Therefore (15 3 1.9 (1.9 2.5 (2.5% 0.0 00 99.0 (99.0% (1 1. (1. 2. (2.5 0. 99. (99.0 ( (2. (99. (2 (99 (9

ABSTRACT. A study was conducted to assess the impact of partially replacing fish meal and fish oil with fish meal oil and residue in diets for pacamã fry (Lophiosilurus alexandri). Eight diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic, varying with four levels of fish meal substitution by fish residue meal (0, 10, 20, and 30%), and utilizing two oil sources (fish and fish residue), resulting in a factorial design of 4x2 with three repetitions per treatment. In the first experiment, 192 pacamã fry weighing 12 g ± 2.02 live weight were used, distributed in 24 fiberglass boxes with a capacity of 80 liters of water in a recirculation system. The animals were fed the experimental diets for 60 days and at the end the performance indices and the bromatological composition and fatty acid profile of the carcasses were evaluated. In the second experiment, 8 fish were used per treatment, placed in the same experimental boxes. The fish were fed the same diets, added with chromium oxide as a marker, and underwent 3 periods of feces collection in order to determine the digestibility of the diets. At the end of the experiments, feed and carcass samples were processed and analyzed in the laboratory It was found that fish meal flour can substitute fish meal in pacamã fry diets by up to 30% without compromising performance or carcass characteristics. Furthermore, fish waste oil can completely replace fish oil in pacamã diets. ABSTRACT Lophiosilurus alexandri. alexandri . alexandri) isoenergetic 0, 0 (0 10 20 30%, 30 , 30%) residue, residue) x 4x treatment experiment 19 1 202 2 02 2.0 system 6 evaluated marker experiments characteristics Furthermore ( 2.

ABSTRACT. This review aimed to address all relevant parts of the digestive physiology of rabbits, before and after weaning, with a view to enabling greater understanding of these phases and reducing the mortality of kits. The biggest bottlenecks in Brazilian rabbit farming are linked to the period from birth to weaning, a time when the animals are more sensitive to environmental adverse events, requiring more rigid and efficient management due to their immune system being not fully developed. Throughout the period in which kits are with the females, many physiological changes occur, mainly in their gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which changes over time, depending on the type of food intake; in order to achieve its full capacity to utilize food, the intestine needs to undergo an adaptation from milk-based to solid diet. Thus, the digestive system in the intrauterine phase, in the nursing kits, and in the weaned babies will be covered. Therefore, understanding the physiology of baby rabbits proves to be of great value in reducing the mortality rate, so that management becomes more practical, providing producers with different problem-solving alternatives, in addition to greater profit. ABSTRACT weaning events developed females occur GIT, GIT , (GIT) intake milkbased milk based diet Thus phase covered Therefore rate practical problemsolving problem solving alternatives profit (GIT

ABSTRACT. Thalassemia is one of the most important genetic haemolytic diseases that cause the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) in patients with β-Thalassemia major. The body does not produce enough haemoglobin, which is an important part of RBCs. When there is not enough haemoglobin, RBCs do not function properly in the body, so the condition continues for short periods of time. The current studies aimed to determine the extent of the impact of β-Thalassemia major on some hormonal variables in the serum of 80 patients (40 males and 40 females) aged between (1-15) years, in addition to 20 healthy children of the same age range and of both sexes, who were considered as a control group. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the concentration of erythropoietin (EPO) by 187% in the serum of patients with β-Thalassemia major compared to healthy of both sexes, with an increase of 188 in males and 183% in females. The highest significant increase was in the age group of (11-15) years in males and females compared to healthy control. The results also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of hepcidin and growth hormones in the serum of patients with a decrease of 55 and 56% respectively compared to healthy individuals of both sexes, with a highest significant decrease of 56 and 59% in males, and 55 and 52% in females respectively. The highest significant decrease was in the age group of (11-15) years for both hormones in males and females compared to healthy control based on age groups and sex. ABSTRACT (RBCs βThalassemia β haemoglobin time 8 (4 4 115 1 15 (1-15 2 sexes EPO (EPO 187 18 183 1115 11 (11-15 5 59 52 sex ( (1-1 111 (11-1 (1- (11- (1 (11

ABSTRACT. This study evaluated heterosis and reciprocal effects in across of White Leghorn with Fayoumi, White Leghorn with Koekoek in comparison to their pure line breeds for the productive and reproductive traits. Data were purposively collected from 357 layers based on their genetic groups and each genotype was reared in three replicates on a deep litter system from 20-72 weeks. Results showed that genotype groups were found to have no significant differences (p > 0.05) for age at first egg (AFE) and hen- housed egg production (HHEP). Purebred Koekoek and crossbred of male White Leghorn and female Koekoek were superior for body weight at first egg (BWAFE). Purebred Fayoumi has exhibited the least values for egg number. Purebred White Leghorn was the best by their feed conversion ratio. Effects of heterosis were non-significant (p > 0.05) for AFE and BWAFE, and hen-housed egg production. A negative heterosis percentage was noted for AFE in all crossbred genotypes. Crossing between male Koekoek and female White Leghorn gave the highest heterosis effect for feed intake while crossing between male White Leghorn and female Fayoumi gave the highest estimates of heterosis for total egg number per hen. The main crossbred between male White Leghorn and female Fayoumi hybrids outperformed in AFE and HHEP while the main crossbred between male White Leghorn and female Koekoek outperformed in BWAFE and HHEP. On the contrary, reciprocal crossbreds between male Fayoumi and female White Leghorn and male Koekoek and female White Leghorn had higher feed intake and better feed conversion ratio. ABSTRACT traits 35 2072 20 72 20-7 weeks p 0.05 005 0 05 (AFE hen . (HHEP) BWAFE. (BWAFE) ratio nonsignificant non henhoused genotypes contrary 3 207 2 7 20- 0.0 00 (HHEP (BWAFE 0.

ABSTRACT. This study was aimed at assessing the egg quality traits of Nigerian indigenous chickens raised under scavenging and improved feeding conditions in relation to exotic chicken’s eggs. The study was conducted in Sam Tee farm Nukai Jalingo, Nigeria. The indigenous breed pullets were sourced from villages in Ardo Kola, Lau and Zing L.G.A. The birds were grouped into three treatments Viz: indigenous breed under improved feeding and scavenging conditions and the exotic breed. The indigenous breed pullets under improved feeding condition were placed on grower’s diet and gradually replaced with a commercially prepared layers’ mash. A total of 336 eggs from the three groups were examined. Eggs weight, length, width, shell thickness and yolk width were measured. Shell ratio, surface area and Haugh unit were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and correlation analysis. There were significant variations in egg weight, egg length and shell thickness between the indigenous and the exotic breed. The indigenous breed reared under improved feeding condition had the longest egg, largest surface area, thicker and heavier shell. Egg weight and surface area have significant positive correlations. In conclusion, Indigenous chickens' performance on some egg quality traits can be enhanced with judicious feeding and management. ABSTRACT chicken s Jalingo Nigeria Kola LGA L G L.G.A Viz growers grower layers mash 33 examined measured ratio calculated analysis correlations conclusion management 3

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and in situ degradability of different sorghum genotypes. The experiment was conducted at the National Maize and Sorghum Research Center - Sete Lagoas, MG. For agronomic and nutritional characteristics, a randomized block design was used, and for in situ degradability, a split-plot design was applied. Genotypes 13F2006, BRS655 and Volumax showed lower dry matter productivity compared to 12F02006 and 12F03033. Genotype BRS655 had the lowest levels of neutral detergent-insoluble fiber (NDF), acid detergent-insoluble fiber (ADF) and lignin. Furthermore, no difference was found for potential degradability (PD), indigestible fraction (IF), and effective degradability (ED) at 2; 5 and 8% hour-1 DM among the studied materials. Genotypes 12F03033 and 12F02006 combine higher productivity and nutritional quality. ABSTRACT characteristics genotypes Lagoas MG used splitplot split plot applied 13F2006 F BRS BRS65 12F0200 detergentinsoluble detergent insoluble NDF, NDF , (NDF) ADF (ADF lignin Furthermore PD, PD (PD) IF, IF (IF) ED (ED 2 8 hour1 hour 1 hour- materials 12F0303 quality 13F200 BRS6 12F020 (NDF (PD (IF 12F030 13F20 12F02 12F03 13F2 12F0 13F 12F

ABSTRACT. The initial stages of early embryonic development were analyzed as a function of the incubation period and age of Japanese quail breeders. A total of 203 Japanese quails housed in 29 conventional laying cages with 5 females and 2 males at 31, 39, 48, and 59 weeks of age were used, and the fertile eggs from these breeders were selected and incubated. The eggs were opened, and the embryos were isolated, fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution, analyzed and classified according to the stage of development. For after laying and the incubation periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours, the embryos presented, on average, Hamburger-Hamilton stages XI, HH 6.1, HH 12.7, and HH 18.5, respectively, with no effect of breeder age. It was also observed that, between 31 and 59 weeks of age in Japanese quail breeders, the eggs become longer and wider, with greater weight, volume, and area. Therefore, it is concluded that the age of the Japanese quail mother influences the weight, length, width, volume, and area of the eggs but does not influence the embryonic development up to 72 hours. ABSTRACT 20 39 48 used incubated opened isolated solution 24 7 hours presented average HamburgerHamilton Hamburger Hamilton XI 61 6 1 6.1 127 12 12.7 185 18 18.5 respectively 3 wider weight volume Therefore length width 4 6. 12. 18.

ABSTRACT. Cleft palate is an oronasal communication that can affect the area comprehending the lips and the soft palate. Its clinical signs vary depending on the degree of the defect and the age of the animal, ranging from nasal secretion, coughing, sneezing, halitosis, respiratory difficulty, aspiration pneumonia, and loss of body condition. Its diagnosis is based on inspection of the oral cavity and imaging tests. Palatal defects must be surgically corrected as quickly as possible, using mucosal flaps, grafts, or implants. A desire to evolve alternative treatments for cleft palates drives the search for ways to manufacture customized pieces. 3D printing and biomaterials have enhanced in detail and applicability; combined with design tools and imaging exams, they allow for the making of precise implants and anatomical models for the planning and execution of surgical procedures. This report describes the case of a female, mixed-breed feline treated at a veterinary clinic; it was diagnosed with secondary cleft palate, had a history of falling, and underwent previous palatoplasties with recurrence. A surgical reintervention was performed to implant a 3D-printed TPU film to close its secondary cleft palate. ABSTRACT animal secretion coughing sneezing halitosis difficulty pneumonia condition tests possible flaps grafts pieces D applicability exams procedures female mixedbreed mixed breed clinic falling recurrence 3Dprinted Dprinted printed

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ozone as a sanitizer compared to commercial sanitizers for hatching eggs stored in hatching machines using different turning systems. The eggs (n = 120) were distributed in a completely randomized design using a factorial scheme (6x2) where the treatments were constituted by different sanitizers applied (non-treated eggs, Ozone 1.6 mg L-1, Ozone 3.2 mg L-1, Cyphenothrin, UVC, and paraformaldehyde) and two turning systems (vertical and horizontal) with 10 eggs each, with the egg considered as a replicate. Data collected were subjected to the Tukey test at 0.05. We observed a very similar performance in the incubation yield results of the hatching machines with different turning systems, where the hatching percentage of eggs stored in the hatching machine using vertical turning presented better (p < 0.05) results. Comparing ozone to other sanitizers, we observed that paraformaldehyde and UVC provided better (p < 0.05) hatching percentage. However, both ozone concentrations used also presented good hatching percentage results. Chicks from treated eggs, except those from eggs treated with the highest ozone concentration (3.2 mg L-1), were heavier (p < 0.05) at hatch. Chicks from eggs treated with the low concentration of ozone (1.6 mg L-1) presented, in several scenarios, higher (p < 0.05) weight at hatch than chicks from eggs treated with sanitizers commonly used, especially paraformaldehyde and UVC. Conclusively, ozone can be used as a sanitizer to treat eggs from older breeders, presenting potential to replace commonly used sanitizers stored in hatching machines using both vertical and horizontal turning systems. ABSTRACT n 120 6x2 x (6x2 nontreated non 16 1 6 1. L1, L1 L 1, L-1 32 3 2 3. Cyphenothrin each replicate 005 0 05 0.05 p However (3. , (1. scenarios Conclusively breeders 12 6x (6x L- 00 0.0 (3 (1 0. (

ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to determine the ideal levels of total methionine + cystine for Muscovy ducks in confinement. Two hundred and forty Muscovy ducks of the creole strain were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design where the treatments consisted of six nutritional plans with different levels of total methionine + cystine, and four replicates (two with males only and two with females only), each with 10 Muscovy ducks. The nutritional plans considered the requirements in the initial, growing, and finishing stages. The birds had their performance evaluated weekly, and at 90 days of age, eight birds (four males and four females) from each treatment were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass traits. Nutritional plan 3 provided a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in feed intake and an increase (p < 0.05) in weight gain, causing a proportional reduction (p < 0.05) in feed conversion. Levels above and below the requirements in this nutritional plan caused a significant (p < 0.05) loss in performance. Muscovy ducks fed with nutritional plan 3 also presented better (p < 0.05) carcass traits. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in carcass development was observed between males and females, with males showing better results. ABSTRACT confinement only, , only) 1 initial growing stages weekly 9 age traits p 0.05 005 0 05 gain conversion results 0.0 00 0.