ABSTRACT To correct errors in previous catalogs and update the Brazilian fauna, thirty-five species of Darwin wasps erroneously reported for Brazil are removed from the Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna, belonging to the following subfamilies: Anomaloninae (2 species), Banchinae (1), Campopleginae (8), Cremastinae (2), Cryptinae (8), Phygadeuontinae (3), Pimplinae (8), Tersilochinae (2), and Tryphoninae (1). Most species were incorrectly cataloged due to an incorrect interpretation of the species list created by Costa Lima in 1962, which mentions species occurring in neighboring countries but does not confirm their presence in Brazil. Thus, the Brazilian fauna of Ichneumonidae currently corresponds to 234 genera and 1,038 species. thirtyfive thirty five Fauna subfamilies 2 ( species, , species) 1, 1 (1) 8, 8 (8) 2, (2) 3, 3 (3) 1. . 1962 Thus 23 1038 038 1,03 (1 (8 (3 196 103 03 1,0 19 10 0

ABSTRACT The Tunicata, despite the relatively low species diversity among the invertebrates, has always received attention not only due to their ecological importance, especially in fouling communities, but also for several species that are studied as models for genetics and the evolution of development, as well as being a prolific source of natural products. In Brazil, research during the last 60 years has considerably increased our knowledge of benthic and planktonic tunicates, resulting from the work of several research teams. In this review, we provide information on the biodiversity of coastal Brazil along with an analysis of geographic distribution, sampling effort, the locations and status of taxonomic collections, and research specialists working on this group. Tunicata invertebrates importance communities development products 6 tunicates teams review distribution effort collections group

ABSTRACT Parental division of offspring care in the post-fledging stage of passerines is scarcely studied, especially for neotropical species. We describe the division of parental care in the post-fledging stage of the pale-breasted thrush, Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818, focusing on the food provisioning rate, its effects on fledgling vocalization and foraging, as well as the way parents divide their brood for care. We made direct observations on 13 fledglings from eight families (mean ± standard deviation: 1.88 ± 0.83 fledglings per family) for 70.2 hours. We found no differences in food provisioning rate between adult males and females, nor was it affected by brood age or size. Food provisioning rate was not associated with the frequency of foraging and vocalization by fledglings; foraging was the only behavior that varied with brood age, increasing in frequency. Although there was no difference between parents in food provisioning, pale-breasted thrushes presented four different arrangements of fledgling care: male-only care (while females incubated a new clutch), brood division between the two parents, female-only care (in the absence of a new nesting attempt), and biparental care (both adults take care of the same fledgling). The mode of parental care (uniparental or biparental) did not affect the rate of food provisioning to fledglings. The diversity in modes of brood division between parents was greater than expected, which calls for further studies to uncover the underlying reasons for such variation. postfledging post fledging studied species palebreasted pale breasted thrush Vieillot 1818 1 mean deviation 188 88 1.8 083 0 83 0.8 family 702 70 2 70. hours size maleonly male while clutch, clutch , clutch) femaleonly female attempt, attempt attempt) both fledgling. . fledgling) uniparental expected variation 181 18 8 1. 08 0. 7

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Opiliones in Brazil can be considered suitable. However, while the harvestmen fauna of the southern Atlantic Forest is also well-known, several gaps remain and they are still far from complete, notably those in Paraná. Thus, investigations on regional assemblages focused on primary data are critical for promoting many key research fields such as taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, as well as encouraging conservation efforts. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledge on diversity, distribution, and the history of Opiliones research from the state of Paraná. Knowledge gaps are identified and the background of taxonomic studies, highlighting the key contributors, is also discussed. A total of 1115 records were compiled, with 584 from Paraná for 118 species belonging to five families. This compilation allowed to identify 60 endemic species and 106 type localities (including invalid specific names) for the state. Despite being one of the three Brazilian states with the greatest diversity of harvestmen, this knowledge is concentrated in a small region in the First Plateau and is the result of the efforts of a few researchers and collectors over a few decades. To overcome these limitations further sampling is required in the state’s western region. This study is a very first step toward to achieve a comprehensive database of knowledge about Opiliones from one of the richest hotspots for these invertebrates in the world. We encourage similar approaches that consider the state of art for other research fields such behavior, ecology, and natural history in the state, as well as to other neotropical areas. suitable However wellknown, wellknown known, known well-known complete Thus studies contributors discussed 111 compiled 58 11 families 6 10 including names decades s world behavior ecology areas 5 1

ABSTRACT Sturnira, known as the yellow-shouldered bat, has a wide geographical distribution and encompasses 24 distinct species. Within Phyllostomidae, Sturnira is the most diverse, with four species in Brazil: S. lilium, S. magna, S. tildae, and S. giannae. Sturnira species occur on the eastern slopes of the Andes and adjacent Amazonian lowlands, spanning from Colombia to northern Bolivia, the Brazilian Amazon, the southern lowlands of Venezuela, and the Guianas. In the present study the following were investigated: the phylogenetic relationships of Sturnira, employing the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene as a marker; the phylogeography of S. lilium and S. giannae, aiming to elucidate their geographical boundaries and phylogenetic positions; the morphology of S. lilium and S. giannae, and their potential distributions. The results indicate that there are two major clades within Sturnira, one including S. lilium, S. parvidens, and S. bakeri as the sister group of S. giannae, S. luisi, and S. paulsoni, and another clade with the remaining species. Morphological analyses showed that the diagnostic characteristics previously advanced for S. lilium and S. giannae overlap. Our findings expanded the known distribution of S. giannae, and show an area where S. lilium and S. giannae overlap in distribution. This area spans from the south of the state of Mato Grosso to the south of the state of Maranhão; the two species are sympatric in northeast Brazil and syntopic in the Pantanal. The comprehensive species distribution model suggested that the sympatry between S. lilium and S. giannae is notably larger than documented here. yellowshouldered yellow shouldered bat 2 Phyllostomidae diverse S magna tildae Bolivia Amazon Venezuela Guianas investigated marker positions distributions parvidens luisi paulsoni Maranhão Pantanal here

ABSTRACT Changes in Neotropical bat taxonomy in the past two decades have caused significant shifts in our understanding of the diversity and distribution of the group. Taxonomic revisions have shown that the once widespread Platyrrhinus helleri (Peters, 1866) represented a species complex, which resulted in the elevation of Platyrrhinus helleri incarum (Thomas, 1912) to the species level for cis-Andean South America and the restriction of P. helleri to Central America and northern South America west of the Andes. Nevertheless, some studies still mention P. helleri for Brazil. Aiming to investigate if P. helleri occurs in Brazil, we collected specimens of small-sized Platyrrhinus in the Cerrado and Pantanal ecosystems, and revised vouchers in museum collections. Based on DNA sequence data and analysis of the pelage and craniodental morphology, we confirm that the only small Platyrrhinus species occurring in Cerrado and Pantanal of central Brazil corresponds to P. incarum. This is the first study to provide sequence data for Brazilian P. incarum. We also provide new records of P. incarum, extending its range by 390 km to southeast and 480 km to the east in Brazil. group Peters, Peters (Peters 1866 complex Thomas, Thomas (Thomas 1912 cisAndean cis Andean P Andes Nevertheless smallsized sized ecosystems collections morphology 39 48 186 191 3 4 18 19 1

ABSTRACT Habitat loss and land use changes resulting from urbanization in residential communities are among the greatest threats to wild mammals. Identifying anthropogenic factors determining mammal diversity and composition can help coordinate socio-economic development with ecological conservation. In this study, we used transect surveys to compare the mammal assemblages near human-disturbed communities with those in the natural off-community area around Beijing, a major metropolis. We assessed the variables affecting the mammals’ presence using 19 environmental indicators. Of the twelve mammal species detected in the area, three vulnerable species have obtained legislative protection. In 58% of the observations, mammals were discovered around communities closer to croplands and located at slightly higher elevations with less vegetation, and these are the main environmental variables contributing to more mammals’ presences in the disturbed near-community area. The selection of croplands for the mammals in the suburb should be a trade-off between feeding benefits and predation risks, and with the rise of protection willingness, green zones near residential communities can serve as additional habitats for mammals facing the expansion of urbanization. socioeconomic socio economic conservation study humandisturbed human offcommunity off community Beijing metropolis 1 indicators 58 observations vegetation nearcommunity tradeoff trade risks willingness 5

ABSTRACT Monstrilloid copepods are endoparasites of marine benthic invertebrates (i.e., polychaetes, molluscs) during their juvenile stages. A final copepodite stage V preadult leaves the host and moults into a non-feeding, reproductive planktonic adult. The taxonomy of Monstrilloid copepods has been historically complex. The current list of species of Brazilian Monstrilloida is available from the “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (CTFB), an on-line database with taxonomic information on the species known to occur in Brazil. Based on current taxonomical contributions, a total of 14 valid nominal species of Monstrilloida have been recorded from Brazil, including six endemic species (43%). Species of Cymbasoma (five species: 36%) and Monstrilla (six species: 43%) total up to 78% of the Brazilian monstrilloid species diversity. Monstrillopsis and Caromiobenella are both represented by three species. Records of Monstrilloida are concentrated in the East, Southeast, and Northeast regions of the country, with an absence of records for the Rio Grande region. The records of Monstrilloid copepods should be revised in the light of evidence suggesting that widespread nominal species like Cymbasoma longispinosum Bourne, 1890, Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson I.C., 1888, Monstrillopsis dubia (Scott T., 1904), and Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1891 probably represent species complexes. A better knowledge of the taxonomy, distribution, and biology of the Brazilian Monstrilloida taxa is important to support their conservation. The revision of previous records, the occurrence of species complexes among the Brazilian monstrilloid fauna, the discovery of hosts, and reliably matching males and females of monstrilloids are pending assignments to significantly improve our knowledge of the group. i.e., ie i e (i.e. polychaetes molluscs stages nonfeeding, nonfeeding non feeding, feeding non-feeding adult complex Catálogo Brasil CTFB, CTFB , (CTFB) online line Brazil contributions 1 43%. 43 43% . (43%) five 36% 36 78 diversity East Southeast country region Bourne 1890 IC I C I.C. 1888 Scott T T. 1904, 1904 1904) Giesbrecht 189 distribution conservation fauna hosts group i.e. (i.e (CTFB 4 (43% 3 7 I.C 188 190 18 i.e (43 19 (4 (

ABSTRACT There are few literature publications on the species of Cerodontha Rondani, 1861 that occur in Brazil. This contrasts with the situation in the Nearctic region and Europe, where the genus is well-studied. We analyzed specimens of Cerodontha from two important collections in Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. As a result, we found and describe two new species: Cerodontha (Poemyza) teresopoliensis sp. nov. and Cerodontha (Poemyza) rafaelii sp. nov., that both can be recognized for some specific character, as the darker body coloration and form of the male genitalia. We also provide new records and additional characters to diagnosis for the Cerodontha (Butomomyza) orcina Spencer, 1973 and Cerodontha (Butomomyza) obscurata Martinez, 1992. The descriptions are illustrated with images of the external morphology of the adult and male genitalia. A key to the Brazilian species of the subgenera Butomomyza and Poemyza are also provided. Rondani 186 Brazil Europe wellstudied. wellstudied well studied. studied well-studied Janeiro result (Poemyza sp nov character genitalia (Butomomyza Spencer 197 Martinez 1992 provided 18 19 199 1

ABSTRACT The evolution of woodpecker behaviors in association with their morphological adaptations is not well understood. This investigation aimed to determine the relationship between the anatomy of the jaw apparatus, the type of food consumed and the foraging mode of these birds. We present detailed anatomical descriptions of all parts of the jaw apparatus of true woodpeckers. Their characteristics were mapped into a consensus phylogenetic tree to describe woodpecker evolution. When morphological analyses were associated with feeding/foraging behavior, distinct patterns emerged. The protractor quadrati and pterygoideus systems are more developed in species that adopt pecking/hammering behaviors, even as secondary habits. By comparing Hemicircus (frugivorous with a poorly developed jaw apparatus) with the last common ancestor of Picinae, the early evolution of the jaw apparatus was found to be related to the type of food consumed. However, it became more complex in the ancestral lineage of Picinae, which enabled these birds to catch insects by gleaning/probing. It is hypothesized that the jaw apparatus of Picinae has evolved in response to foraging tactics and not to the type of food consumed. Pecking/hammering, as a secondary behavior, has evolved independently in Dryocopus, Celeus, and Dendropicus. Moreover, it has become more complex in Piculus and the clade comprising Blythipicus/Reinwardtipicus/Camphephilus, as they utilize pecking/hammering as their primary behavior. understood woodpeckers feedingforaging feeding behavior emerged peckinghammering pecking hammering habits frugivorous However gleaningprobing gleaning probing gleaning/probing Peckinghammering Pecking Pecking/hammering Dryocopus Celeus Dendropicus Moreover BlythipicusReinwardtipicusCamphephilus Blythipicus Reinwardtipicus Camphephilus Blythipicus/Reinwardtipicus/Camphephilus

ABSTRACT The Amazon Basin harbors one of the most diverse avifaunas in the world, especially in the interfluvial region between the Madeira and Tapajós rivers, with many endemic and recently described species. Even though ornithologists have visited the region since the 19th century, there is little basic information about the local birds. Herein, the ornithological results of a scientific expedition carried out in the central and upper regions of the Abacaxis River are reported. A total of 356 bird species were recorded, including two that are threatened and five that are endemic to the region. The avian community of this species-rich region is very similar to more eastern communities, but the Abacaxis River does not form a geographic barrier for birds. The rapid loss of forest in the Amazon Basin makes it necessary to generate the type of of information provided in this study, to aid in conservation efforts. world rivers th century birds Herein reported 35 recorded speciesrich rich communities study efforts 3

ABSTRACT Two new species, Pseudoazya mirabilis sp. nov. and Pseudoazya massayo sp. nov., both from Northeast Brazil, are described. Pseudoazya is distributed in other localities of Brazil. The new species of Pseudoazya Gordon, 1980 are described based on the external morphology and genitalia of the adults. The genus is distinguished from Azya Mulsant, 1850, the only other genus of Azyini, by prosternum with intercoxal process flat, not elevated, and apex of penis bifid. sp nov Brazil Gordon 198 adults Mulsant 1850 Azyini flat elevated bifid 19 185 1 18

ABSTRACT Meiofauna is a guild of microscopic organisms (delimited by the mesh width of two sieves, upper 500 μm and lower 44 μm) that inhabit the sediment grains and periphyton of aquatic environments (both freshwater and marine). Despite the fact that this definition is based on size, all the environments inhabited by these microorganisms present similar ecological challenges, which suggests that the meiofauna is a biologically and ecologically independent entity. Currently, meiofaunal organisms are represented in 23 of the 34 known metazoan phyla, including Tardigrada, Gastrotricha, and Kinorhyncha. The goal of this study was to compile information on the diversity and distribution of these phyla in Brazil. Based on the taxonomic contributions published until July 2023, a total of 97 Tardigrada species, 88 Gastrotricha species, and five Kinorhyncha species have been recorded. They are distributed throughout five biomes, eight hydrographic regions, 10 terrestrial biogeographic provinces, three marine biogeographical provinces, and 15 political states in Brazil. The species accumulation curve suggests that there are still many Tardigrada and Gastrotricha species to be discovered with increasing sampling effort, as the rate of discovery of new species is linearly increasing. Unfortunately, knowledge of the biodiversity of these meiofaunal groups is still limited due to sparse information on identity and distribution. We recommend future studies dealing with meiofauna taxa to prioritize redescribing endemic species based on integrative taxonomy and increase the number of the type series deposited in Zoological Museums (e.g., specimen photos). Furthermore, the training of researchers specialized in these taxa is a priority, as some of these phyla do not have any Brazilian specialists. delimited sieves 50 4 both marine. . marine) size challenges entity Currently 2 3 Brazil 2023 9 8 recorded biomes regions 1 provinces effort Unfortunately e.g., eg e g (e.g. photos. photos photos) Furthermore priority specialists 5 202 e.g. (e.g 20 e.g

ABSTRACT Stegomyia aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) vectors arboviruses of public health concern in urban areas of tropical countries, so it is necessary to reduce its population. Among the control methods used, chemically synthesized molecules have been widely employed, nonetheless, the over usage of the same mechanism of action can result in the resistance selection. Considering the influence of insect resistance with the success of chemical control of vectors, this study aims to assess the susceptibility to organophosphorus of a population of S. aegypti from Paranaguá (Paraná, Brazil), after intense use of malathion during a dengue outbreak. World Health Organization susceptibility tests and expression of Acetylcholinesterase ace-1, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP6N12, and α-esterases CCEae3A genes were evaluated. The mortality rate of wild females (66.5%) indicated their resistance status, furthermore, a new discriminant concentration was detected in this population (3.41%). Exclusively CYP6N12 gene was overexpressed in malathion-resistant females indicating its possible contribution to the transformation of this insecticide. Constant monitoring of insecticide resistance of current and past molecules, mainly in port areas where there is a large flow of species, is crucial for effective use of insecticide in vector control programs. Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1762 countries used employed nonetheless selection S Paraná, Paraná (Paraná Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) outbreak ace1, ace1 ace 1, 1 ace-1 P P45 CYPN CYP N αesterases α esterases CCEaeA CCEae A evaluated 66.5% 665 66 5 (66.5% status furthermore 3.41%. 341 3.41% . 3 41 (3.41%) CYP6N1 malathionresistant resistant species programs 176 ace- P4 66.5 6 (66.5 34 3.41 4 (3.41% CYP6N 17 66. (66. 3.4 (3.41 (66 3. (3.4 (6 (3. ( (3

ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted a survey of researchers studying flies in Brazil, with the aim of acquiring up-to-date information about them, across multiple aspects, i.e., demographics, opinions, needs, and the main challenges they face. We developed an online questionnaire and collected the responses between September and November 2019; 126 responses were received. Most of them held a Ph.D. and identified themselves as males. Nearly all respondents worked exclusively in public institutions, and most were financially reliant on scholarships provided by public agencies. All of them studied at least one of the 81 dipteran families known to occur in Brazil, with most respondents working on families that included taxa of public health importance. Additionally, most work conducted by these researchers was rooted in systematics/taxonomy. A specific portion of the respondents (i.e., students) felt less integrated into the research community and found it challenging to publish high-impact research. However, some concerns were shared across all respondent subgroups, such as the need for increased funding and a more seamless integration within the research community. Academic professionals highlighted limited funding and inadequate infrastructure as barriers to research. Nevertheless, some subgroups expressed concerns about their career prospects. Although there may be limitations in the sampling process underpinning this study, our survey provides valuable insights into the demographic characteristics of Brazilian dipterist community, thus facilitating the development of policy strategies. study Brazil uptodate up date aspects ie i e i.e. demographics opinions needs face 2019 12 received PhD Ph D Ph.D males institutions agencies 8 importance Additionally systematicstaxonomy systematics taxonomy systematics/taxonomy (i.e. students highimpact high impact However Nevertheless prospects strategies i.e 201 1 (i.e 20 2