ABSTRACT In January 2022 and April 2024, plants of Handroanthus heptaphyllus, designated HP22 and HP24, respectively, exhibiing symptoms of mosaic, leaf blistering, and ring spots were observed in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo state, Brazil. Molecular analysis of plant HP22 revealed the presence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, genus Cucumovirus), and phylogenetic analysis classified it into subgroup IA. Additionally, CMV was identified using a plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) in both plants (HP22 and HP24). The virus of HP22 plant was mechanically transmitted to Handroanthus albus, H. heptaphyllus, H. impetiginosus, Tabebuia heptaphylla, and T. roseoalba plants, a transmission that PTA-ELISA confirmed. Furthermore, transmission was observed from Aphis gossypii to H. heptaphyllus and T. heptaphylla plants. Despite the absence of discernible symptoms, the presence of CMV was confirmed through PTA-ELISA. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report on the occurrence of CMV in H. heptaphyllus worldwide. 202 2024 HP HP2 HP24 respectively blistering Piracicaba state Brazil CMV, (CMV Cucumovirus, Cucumovirus , Cucumovirus) IA Additionally platetrapped plate trapped enzymelinked enzyme linked PTAELISA PTA ELISA (PTA-ELISA (HP2 HP24. . HP24) albus H impetiginosus T Furthermore PTAELISA. ELISA. knowledge worldwide 20 (HP 2

ABSTRACT Despite the significant socioeconomic impact of yam cultivation in developing countries, this field needs more scientific studies and incentives. In Brazil, the absence of a developed processing chain has resulted in a considerable production loss due to the predominant form of commercialization (in natura). This study aimed was to examine the physicochemical and technological composition of yams of the species Dioscorea trifida L., including both white and purple varieties. The aim was to contribute to an increase in food utilization and technological potential. The proximate composition of the flours indicated that the yam species investigated have the potential for human consumption and are good sources of energy (1,489 and 1,527 kJ), with considerable levels of total fiber (8.18 and 6.69 g 100 g–1), potassium (1,325 and 981 mg 100 g–1), and phenolic compounds (133 and 110 mg 100 g–1) for white and purple yams, respectively. Additionally, the yams demonstrated distinct properties in water and oil, indicating their potential for use in breading applications. The viscoamylographic profiles of purple yam flour and yam starches were found suitable for use in quick-cooking foods that reach high viscosity when heated, whereas white yam flour was identified as a suitable thickening agent. The yams yielded flours and starches with favorable characteristics as food ingredients, offering greater added value and enhanced stability compared to the original raw materials. They present a sustainable alternative for reducing post-harvest losses and, as they are gluten-free, they cater to the celiac population. countries incentives Brazil natura. natura . natura) L L. varieties 1,489 1489 1 489 (1,48 1527 527 1,52 kJ, kJ , kJ) 8.18 818 8 18 (8.1 669 6 69 6.6 10 g–1, g1 g–1 1,325 1325 325 (1,32 98 133 (13 11 respectively Additionally oil applications quickcooking quick cooking heated agent ingredients materials postharvest post harvest glutenfree, glutenfree gluten free, free gluten-free population 1,48 148 48 (1,4 152 52 1,5 8.1 81 (8. 66 6. g– 1,32 132 32 (1,3 9 13 (1 1,4 14 4 (1, 15 5 1, 8. (8 1,3 3 (

ABSTRACT Coffee is a beverage that is widely consumed throughout the world, especially in Brazil. Its high market value makes it a prime target for fraud. To combat this fraud, different methods have been developed and improved over the years to detect potential adulterants in coffee and guarantee its authenticity. Nevertheless, these methods still pose a challenge. Therefore, this work aimed to identify adulteration markers in roasted and ground Arabica coffee using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the flavonoid and phenolic acid profile. Samples of Arabica coffee beans and defective coffee beans were adulterated with coffee husks by preparing mixtures in different proportions (97:3, 90:10, 80:20 % w/w), which were then subjected to chromatographic and chemometric analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Using the phenolic compounds associated with chemometric methods, protocatechuic acid was identified as a marker of adulteration in roasted and ground coffee with Arabica coffee husks, even at low adulterant concentrations (3 %). world Brazil fraud authenticity Nevertheless challenge Therefore highperformance performance HPLC (HPLC profile 973, 973 97 3, 3 (97:3 9010, 9010 90 10, 10 90:10 8020 80 20 80:2 w/w, ww w/w , w w/w) analyses PCA (PCA PLSDA. PLSDA PLS DA . (PLS-DA) ( %. %) 9 (97: 901 1 90:1 802 8 2 80: (PLS-DA (97 90: (9

ABSTRACT: The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plays a vital role in global agriculture and is a model organism in genetic studies. Visual classification of tomatoes for genetic improvement programs faces challenges due to variety diversity, uneven ripening, external damages, and evaluator subjectivity. Recent advances in the field of computational resources, such as image phenotyping have enabled pre- and post-harvest assessments that are both fast and precise. This study aimed to classify tomato fruits based on shape, group, color, and defects using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The performance of five architectures - VGG16, InceptionV3, ResNet50, EfficientNetB3, and InceptionResNetV2 was evaluated to identify and determine the most efficient one for this classification. The research considered ten hybrids and their five parental lines. The experiment was conducted in the field, and images of ripe fruits were acquired using a portable mini studio. The ExpImage package in R software was used for fruit individualization by image and to aid in creating a synthetic database for network training. Images were grouped according to their classifications in terms of shape, color, groups, and defects. The InceptionResNetV2 architecture was the most efficient, achieving metrics such as precision and recall exceeding 93 % for most analyzed variables, and shorter classification times. This study advances the understanding of CNN applications in agriculture and research and provides valuable guidelines for optimizing classification tasks in distinct types of fruits. ABSTRACT Solanum L. L studies diversity ripening damages subjectivity resources pre postharvest post harvest precise shape group color CNNs. CNNs . (CNNs) VGG16 VGG InceptionV3 InceptionV ResNet50 ResNet EfficientNetB3 EfficientNetB InceptionResNetV lines studio training groups 9 variables times (CNNs VGG1 ResNet5

ABSTRACT To ensure the sustainability of agriculture and the production of safe food, supplementary irrigation is required for crops that are primarily rainfed, particularly in arid conditions. This study aimed to determine the water stress response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under limited water conditions and to establish the crop water stress index (CWSI) as a basis for crop-based irrigation scheduling. Irrigation applications were conducted using the line-source sprinkler irrigation method to create three constraints (35, 75, and 100 % of the water requirement) and a rainfed condition (control plot) under different crop growth periods. The main plots consisted of three growth periods of safflower and only one supplementary irrigation during the vegetative, flowering, and ripening periods. The highest yield was obtained at 3.06 and 3.42 t ha–1 for 2019 and 2021, respectively, in the plot that was irrigated in each period during the growing season. The irrigation water (I) and water use efficiency (WUE) were 0.42 and 0.51 kg m–3 in the first year, and 0.47 and 0.59 kg m–3 in the second year, respectively, for the subject fully irrigated throughout the season. The upper base value, which can be utilized in calculations of the CWSI, was determined to be approximately 14.50. The lower base equation was obtained as Y = −4.9428 (VPD) + 19.121 at a statistical significance level of 1 % where Y is yield and VPD is vapor pressure deficit. The CWSI values calculated for each treatment ranged between −0.25 and 1.45. The threshold value at which irrigation should commence was determined to be 0.63, and it will serve as a valuable reference data source for irrigation scheduling. food Carthamus L. L (CWSI cropbased based scheduling linesource line 35, 35 (35 75 10 requirement control vegetative flowering 306 3 06 3.0 342 42 3.4 ha1 ha ha– 201 2021 respectively season I (I WUE (WUE 042 0 0.4 051 51 0.5 m3 m m– year 047 47 059 59 1450 14 50 14.50 49428 4 9428 −4.942 (VPD 19121 19 121 19.12 deficit 025 25 −0.2 145 45 1.45 063 63 0.63 (3 7 30 3. 34 20 202 04 0. 05 5 14.5 4942 942 −4.94 1912 12 19.1 02 2 −0. 1.4 6 0.6 ( 14. 494 94 −4.9 191 19. −0 1. 49 9 −4. − −4

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is essential to the fertilization of coffee. The fertilizer most used to meet this demand is urea, although it has high rates of N loss due mainly to ammonia volatilization. To reduce this loss, fertilizers with increased efficiency have emerged. Thus, the aim was to select the most appropriate nonlinear regression model to describe N loss attributable to ammonia volatilization in slow- and controlled-release fertilizers applied to coffee plants and to compare the different fertilizers based on the parameters of the selected model. The data studied are controlled-release fertilizers: urea + sulfur + polymer (U+S+P), urea + plastic resin (U+PR), urea + polymer insoluble in water (U+PIW) and slow-release fertilizer: urea formaldehyde (UF) applied to coffee. The Gompertz, Brody, and von Bertalanffy Logistics models were fit by the least squares method. The goodness of fit was assessed using the adjusted coefficient of determination, mean absolute deviation, and Akaike's information criterion. The von Bertalanffy model was the most appropriate for describing the data in most cases. After selecting the best model for the means, the parameters of the von Bertalanffy model were estimated again for each repetition of treatments. With the repetitions of the parameter estimates of these models, the F test of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were applied. In the F test, p < 0.05 for all parameters. In the Tukey's test, the UF fertilizer reached the asymptote more quickly and presented a lower accumulated loss of N in the coffee tree. The fertilizers U+S+P and U+PIW have later inflection points (IP). (N emerged Thus slow controlledrelease controlled release U+S+P, USP , U S P (U+S+P) U+PR, UPR U+PR PR (U+PR) UPIW PIW (U+PIW slowrelease (UF Gompertz Brody method determination deviation Akaikes Akaike s criterion cases means treatments ANOVA (ANOVA Tukeys Tukey 005 0 05 0.0 tree IP. IP . (IP) (U+S+P (U+PR 00 0. (IP

ABSTRACT: Meat consumption has been declining in favor of a shift towards poultry due to its lower price, health benefits and consumers’ preference. One of the ways to enhance broiler production and quality is to substitute standard maize (SM) with quality protein maize (QPM) in animal diets. QPM is a high lysine maize with improved nutritional and biological values, developed by the selection of a naturally occurring recessive opaque2 mutation, which can reduce the use of costly feed components - synthetic lysine and protein ingredients such as soybean and fishmeal. Different feeding trials with QPM in broiler diets indicated that body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast meat yield (BMY), and abdominal fat (AF) are the main improved features. Herein, an overview of the effects of QPM on broiler performance and carcass characteristics, as well as the financial effects of its use, is presented. Different effects of QPM were observed, depending, in the main, on the QPM hybrid used in the trial. The possible reasons for the discrepancies and suggestions for overcoming them, focused on the utilization of the full potential of QPM, are discussed. ABSTRACT price consumers preference SM (SM (QPM values opaque mutation fishmeal BWG, BWG , (BWG) FCR, FCR (FCR) BMY, BMY (BMY) AF (AF features Herein characteristics presented observed depending trial them discussed (BWG (FCR (BMY

ABSTRACT Safflower is a crop with seeds containing high amounts of oleic and linoleic acids, which have applications in cosmetics, food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. Safflower seeds are generally reported to undergo after-ripening and to have physiological dormancy. This study comprehensively analyzed the physical changes and the induction of dormancy and germinability in developing seeds to determine whether the safflower population is adequately developed during seed dispersal. From the 80th day after flowering (DAF), seeds were collected separately from plants on a weekly basis until 131 DAF, resulting in seven sampling dates. The changes in length, diameter, thickness, water content, and fresh and dry weight during seed development were measured. Simultaneously, the effects of dark and light, temperature, and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 50, and 100 µM) on seed germination, dormancy and germination characteristics of safflower seeds were investigated. The seeds ceased to increase in length, width and thickness, reaching a mature appearance at 131 DAF, with a dry mass per seed of 0.0443 g. The water content decreased between 117 and 124 DAF, indicating an obvious process of desiccation during the final stage of seed maturation. Germination capacity is acquired at 117 DAF, as evidenced by an increase in germination and a reduction in dormant seeds, particularly at low temperatures (10°C) and with GA3 supplementation. At 131 DAF, seeds exhibited 7.9 % water content, and there was an increase in seed germination and a decrease in seed dormancy status, regardless of GA3 supplementation and temperature. acids cosmetics food feed industries afterripening ripening dispersal th DAF , (DAF) 13 dates length diameter thickness measured Simultaneously light temperature GA (GA3 0, 0 (0 50 10 µM investigated 00443 0443 0.044 g 11 12 maturation 10°C 10C C (10°C 79 7 9 7. status (DAF 1 (GA ( 5 0044 044 0.04 004 04 0.0 00 0.

ABSTRACT Quantifying the impact of driving factors on crop water productivity (WP) is essential for efficient agricultural water use. To date, few studies have investigated the influence of management and environmental factors on sugarcane WP at the mill scale. This study aimed to assess the contributions of management practice factors, weather variables, and soil management zones (SMZs) on on-farm sugarcane WP in a single mill in the southern region of Brazil. An extensive on-farm database of commercial sugarcane field plots was used with a weather database to estimate evapotranspiration and water-limited potential yield (Yw). This was achieved by employing a crop sugarcane model to calculate actual water productivity (WPa) and attainable water productivity (WPw). The results demonstrated an inverse relationship between management practices and WPa, while harvest date and vinasse positively impacted on WPa. The Yw, actual yield (Ya), actual evapotranspiration (ETa) or crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and WPa varied according to the SMZ. The lowest WPa values were observed in the worst soils. The analysis revealed that weather variables collectively accounted for 46.2 % of WPa variability, management practice factors accounted for 40.5 %, and SMZs contributed 13.3 % of WPa variability. Despite weather variables being the primary source of WPa variability, management practice factors still played a key role in WPa variability. (WP use scale (SMZs onfarm farm Brazil waterlimited limited Yw. Yw . (Yw) (WPa WPw. WPw (WPw) Ya, Ya , (Ya) ETa (ETa ETc, ETc (ETc) SMZ soils 462 46 2 46. variability 405 40 5 40. 133 13 3 13. (Yw (WPw (Ya (ETc 4 1

ABSTRACT A bibliometric study was undertaken to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of works related to managing boron (B) in Eucalyptus spp. from 1970 to 2022. This analysis was based on the Web of Science and Scopus databases, and 121 documents were retrieved. The eight main aspects analyzed were (1) annual scientific production, (2) most relevant research sources, (3) world scientific production, (4) association between countries, (5) most relevant affiliations, (6) indexed terms, (7) most relevant authors, and (8) most cited documents. The results indicated that publications of studies about B in eucalyptus have increased significantly over the last decade (2010-2020). Brazil has produced the most studies relating to the nutritional management of B in eucalyptus, as is mainly reflected in the numbers of researchers, research institutions, and journals that have published on the subject. Our study found that most works have been developed regionally, with little international collaboration between countries although researchers from the United States are the most frequent partners in international collaborations. The majority of the articles analyzed focused on studying the influence of B doses on the growth and rooting of eucalyptus seedlings. Finally, one significant gap in the literature is the need for studies on sources of B via soil and leaves, and new studies on this subject should be commissioned. Thus, the bibliometric review was an efficient approach for observing the main advances in managing B in eucalyptus in recent decades and identifying the leading research groups and future opportunities for scientific advances in this area. (B spp 197 2022 databases 12 retrieved 1 (1 production 2 (2 3 (3 4 (4 5 (5 affiliations 6 (6 terms 7 (7 authors 8 (8 20102020. 20102020 2010 2020 . (2010-2020) institutions regionally collaborations seedlings Finally leaves commissioned Thus area 19 202 ( 2010202 201 (2010-2020 20 201020 (2010-202 20102 (2010-20 (2010-2 (2010- (2010 (201 (20

ABSTRACT The technology provided by greenhouses is essential for protecting crops sensitive to bioclimatic adversities and for improving agricultural production indexes. However, the need to know the exact interaction between the flexible coating and the structure under wind action has motivated new studies. The objective was to perform an in-depth review of the scientific and technological advances regarding methodologies to obtain parameters related to wind actions that are essential for the structural safety of greenhouses. This study showed the relevance of experimental methods; however, the limitations of the study are diverse, as field experiments require the construction and modifications of a prototype, which demand time and financial resources. Experiments in wind tunnels with models on a reduced scale have contributed significantly, as it allows to control the wind flow; however, in plastic-covered greenhouses, discrepancies occur due to the impossibility to represent the aeroelasticity of the construction. Modeling via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has proven to be a solution for extrapolating limitations in experimental methods by facilitating changes in the construction model and wind flow. In addition to pure turbulence models, studies on hybrid turbulence models (Scale-Resolving Simulation) must be deepened to obtain greater accuracy of pressure coefficients. The complexity of the subject and the need for new contributions to plastic-covered greenhouse projects are a reality, which outlines a promising horizon for research development in the rural construction sector.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the combined use of ultrasound (US) and incorporation of micronized salt (MS) as a strategy for reducing sodium without affecting the quality of beef burgers. Ten treatments were manufactured with varying MS content (0.75 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 %) and ultrasound time (0, 5, and 10 min), with a control treatment manufactured at 1.5 % of regular salt without ultrasound. The beef burgers formulated with 0.75 % MS submitted to the US for 10 min (M0.75US10) reduced the salt content by 50 %, thereby efficiently maintaining texture profile (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness) and decreasing the cooking loss and diameter reduction compared to the control treatment. M0.75US10 treatment also preserved the color of samples after cooking, keeping myoglobin stable. Therefore, micronized salt coupled with ultrasound technology reduces sodium chloride content in beef burgers, enabling the application of clean technology to reduce sodium content in meat products efficiently.

ABSTRACT Leaf litter decomposition and the release of nutrients from macauba palm leaves play a major role in nutrient return to the soil in a conservation environment. This study evaluated macauba palm leaf decomposition, macronutrient contents and biochemical composition under contrasting water conditions in the Brazilian Cerrado. Macauba leaves were collected from plants in two different environments (low and high water table conditions), placed in litter bags and evaluated according to their decomposition, macronutrients, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose for 420 days. In addition, green and dry leaves were collected for macronutrient analyses. Litter decomposition ranged between 49 % and 59 % up to 180 days. The half-life of litter ranged from 141 to 198 days. The leaf litter decomposition of macauba was practically stable during the dry season, whereas at the beginning of the rainy season, decomposition resumed. Nitrogen, P and S were higher in the green leaves, whereas the Ca levels were higher in the dry leaves. In addition, the K levels were twofold higher in the green leaves than in the dry leaves. Lignin release from macauba residues was slower than cellulose and hemicellulose. The decomposition rates of hemicellulose were higher initially due to its high solubility, although it gradually decreased with the decomposition process. Lignin decomposition was also higher at the beginning of the process but stabilized during the drought period. The study indicates that the decomposition process and nutrient cycling of macauba are influenced by its biochemical composition.

ABSTRACT Favorable soil conditions are essential to the proper growth and production of any crop worldwide. Only 9 % of the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR) territory is suitable for agriculture and/or livestock farming, due to limitations imposed by physio-edaphoclimatic factors. This study evaluated the soil potential suitability for coffee, cocoa and tropical pastures to determine optimal, moderate and marginal areas in three provinces in the EAR (Orellana, Sucumbios and Pastaza) under different agroecological conditions. On-site field work was carried out to analyze the soil profile to determine the mineral composition. Eight environmental variables were evaluated through the integration of GIS-based modeling to determine the agroecological zoning of the crops. The results showed that the main determining factors for optimal areas of soil suitability within the three provinces included soil depth (30 cm), organic matter content (5.3 %), concentration of macronutrients (2,700 mg kg–1), and slope (< 10 %), whereas annual temperature (18-26 °C), annual precipitation (1200-3000 mm), altitude (0-500 m), and pH (4.38) were included for moderate and marginal areas. Depending on the crop and the province, soil suitability was classified into two or three classes (optimal, moderate, and marginal areas), relying on the agroecological conditions specific to each crop. This study highlights that all crops showed mostly optimal soil suitability for proper development under the agroecological conditions analyzed, which contributes to the provision of valuable information to decision-makers about key limiting factors, land-use planning and mapping soil suitability when considering the best location for a specific crop.

ABSTRACT The ordinary least squares (OLS) can be affected by errors associated with heteroscedasticity and outliers, and extreme points can influence the regression parameters. Methods based on the median rather than on the mean and variance are more resistant to outliers and extreme points. These methods could be used to obtain regression parameter estimates that reflect more accurately the genuine relationship between the Y and X variables, leading to better identification of outliers and extreme points by comparing the slopes and intercepts of both methods. The Theil-Sen (TS) regression computes all possible pairwise slopes and determines the median of slopes as the regression slope. Here, we illustrated the potential use of TS and frequently used robust regression (RR) techniques to single linear regression using synthetic datasets and a practical problem in animal science. Three synthetic datasets were created assuming the normal distribution of Y and X values: one was free of outliers, while the other two had one or two clusters of outliers but the same X values. The TS, OLS, and RR had nearly identical regression parameter estimates for the dataset without synthetic outliers. However, the intercept and slope estimates by the OLS method differed considerably from the TS and RR methods when one or two clusters of outliers were included. The TS approach could be used to indirectly determine the presence of outliers or extreme points by comparing the 95 % confidence interval of the TS and OLS parameter estimates.