It is particularly important to investigate the mechanical performance of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites used for automotive and aerospace applications, where diffused moisture of the environment may potentially weaken the material over time. In this work, CF/PA6 composites were subjected to two different types of conditioning: distilled water at a temperature of 80 ºC and saline solution for 12 weeks. The volumetric fraction of CF, PA6 matrix, and the voids of the CF/PA6 composites were determined by acid digestion analysis. At the end of the environmental conditionings, the moisture absorption content and the diffusion coefficient (D) were determined. The mechanical performance of CF/PA6 composites unconditioned and conditioned was evaluated through tensile and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, and morphological characteristics of the fracture surface after the mechanical tensile test. CF/PA6 composites conditioned in saline solution showed a decrease of 53% (tensile sample) and 72% (ILSS sample) in the diffusion coefficient (D) and insignificant losses of mechanical properties when compared to CF/PA6 composites conditioned in distilled water at 80 ºC. This behavior is attributed to the salt molecules blocking the pores and consequently reducing the migration of water into the samples, maintaining the internal integrity of the specimens. CF (CF PA (PA6 applications time work CFPA6 CFPA CF/PA conditioning 8 1 weeks matrix analysis conditionings D (D ILSS tests test 53 sample 72 samples specimens (PA 5 7

This study assessed the morphology and thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of electrospun membranes made of acrylonitrile-methacrylic acid copolymers (PANCMAA). Copolymers were synthesized using the aqueous suspension method with varying comonomer contents (homopolymer,PAN, lower acid, PANCMAA1, and higher acid, PANCMAA2) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Electrospun fibers were produced by adjusting the polymer concentration in the DMF solution, and the optimal conditions yielded nanofibrous membranes. PAN and PANCMAA membrane properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), stress-strain tests, and swelling behavior in a phosphate buffer solution. The comonomer content influenced the crystallinity of the electrospun nanofibers, reducing the 16.8° XRD peak intensity from PAN to PANCMAA2. DSC indicated an increased Tg (from 113°C in PAN to 127°C in PANCMAA2) and a decreased exothermic cyclization enthalpy (311 J.mg-1 in PAN to 271 J.mg-1 in PANCMAA2). PANCMAA1 exhibited higher stiffness than PANCMAA2 and PAN, with a storage modulus of 0.16 GPa, a Young’s modulus of 135.7 MPa, and a lower elongation at break (3.98%). The presence of the acid comonomer significantly enhanced the swelling behavior of the electrospun membranes in phosphate buffer solution. thermal mechanical acrylonitrilemethacrylic acrylonitrile methacrylic PANCMAA. . (PANCMAA) homopolymer,PAN, homopolymerPAN homopolymer (homopolymer,PAN NMR (NMR GPC. GPC (GPC) solution Xray X ray XRD, , (XRD) DSC, (DSC) DMTA, DMTA (DMTA) stressstrain stress strain tests nanofibers 168 16 8 16.8 113C C 113 127C 127 311 (31 J.mg1 Jmg1 Jmg J.mg 1 J mg J.mg- 27 016 0 0.1 GPa Youngs Young s 1357 135 7 135. MPa 3.98%. 398 3.98% 3 98 (3.98%) (PANCMAA homopolymer,PAN (GPC (XRD (DSC (DMTA 16. 11 12 31 (3 mg1 2 01 0. 13 39 3.98 9 (3.98% ( 3.9 (3.98 3. (3.9 (3.

A highly efficient NiFe2O4/TiO2 nanofibrous photocatalyst was prepared by a simultaneous solution blow spinning method. The hybrid fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and magnetometry. The photocatalytic properties were evaluated using Crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes under visible light irradiation. Fibers calcined at 600 ºC and 700 ºC showed the highest CV decolorization (77%). On the other hand, for CR, the best performance was encountered with the photocatalysts heat-treated at 500 ºC, which exhibited photocatalytic degradation of 87% after only 30 min of visible light irradiation. The high reaction rates (0.018 to 0.067 min-1) explain the fast decolorization yielded by the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalytic processes. Moreover, recyclability assays showed stable CR dye efficiency after five recycling cycles. Therefore, the NiFe2O4/TiO2 nanofibers present a high potential for application in the decolorization treatment of wastewater from the textile industry. NiFe2O4TiO2 NiFeOTiO NiFe2O4 TiO2 NiFe O TiO NiFe2O4/TiO method SEM, SEM , (SEM) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) spectroscopy magnetometry (CV (CR irradiation 60 70 77%. 77 77% . (77%) hand heattreated heat treated 50 87 3 0.018 0018 0 018 (0.01 0067 067 0.06 min1 1 min-1 processes Moreover cycles Therefore industry NiFe2O4TiO NiFeO NiFe2O (SEM (XRD 6 7 (77% 5 8 0.01 001 01 (0.0 006 06 0.0 min- (77 00 (0. 0. (7 (0 (

In most situations, predicting wear requires a variety of microstructural characterizations and experiments with contact surfaces. Based on physical principles, mathematical models might be of great assistance in understanding and thereby predicting this event. Considering the significance of heat generation in war, it appears that the parameters of thermodynamics are appropriate measurements for wear modelling. Entropy is among these parameters of thermodynamics. The Miedema model is a good method to predict the Gibbs free energy and entropy of solid solutions of binary and ternary systems. In this study, the wear behaviour of iron-based alloys according to their estimating values of Gibbs free energies and entropy was studied under lubricated conditions. The wear test was performed in accordance with ASTM-G99, utilizing the vertical universal friction testing machine MMW-1A and the pin-on-disk test methodology. Results show that the lowest negative value of Gibbs free energy was noted in the Fe-Al-Sn ternary system (-14.37 KJ/mol), while the highest negative value was found in the Fe-Al-V (-25.16 KJ/mol) binary system. It was also concluded that the wear rate decreased when the entropy estimate increased. The higher value of the wear rate was (6.935 mm3\N.m x107) for Fe-Al binary alloy with an entropy value (1.717 J\k Mole). The lowest value of wear rate was (3.581 mm3\N.m *107) for Fe-Al-Sn ternary alloy with an entropy of (2.71 J\k Mole). This is due to the micro-distortion that was mechanically indicated with the ternary alloys Fe-Al with V, Mn, Ga.B, and Sn additives that affected the wear mechanism and caused high values of wear. situations surfaces principles event war modelling systems study ironbased iron based conditions ASTMG99, ASTMG99 ASTMG ASTM G99, G99 G ASTM-G99 MMW1A MMWA MMW 1A A pinondisk pin disk methodology FeAlSn Fe Al 14.37 1437 14 37 (-14.3 KJ/mol, KJmol KJ/mol , KJ mol FeAlV V 25.16 2516 25 16 (-25.1 increased 6.935 6935 6 935 (6.93 mm3Nm mmNm mm3 N m mm x107 x FeAl 1.717 1717 1 717 (1.71 Jk J k Mole. Mole . Mole) 3.581 3581 3 581 (3.58 *107 107 2.71 271 2 71 (2.7 microdistortion micro distortion Mn GaB Ga B Ga.B ASTMG9 G9 ASTM-G9 14.3 143 (-14. 25.1 251 (-25. 6.93 693 93 (6.9 Nm x10 1.71 171 (1.7 3.58 358 58 (3.5 *10 10 2.7 27 7 (2. ASTM-G 14. (-14 25. (-25 6.9 69 9 (6. x1 1.7 17 (1. 3.5 35 5 (3. *1 2. (2 (-1 (-2 6. (6 1. (1 3. (3 * ( (-

In this work, electrochemical tests were performed to measure hydrogen permeation during free dissolution of carbon steel in the presence of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [(EMIM)+(Ac)-], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [(EMIM)+(Br)-], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [(BMIM)+(BF4)-] in 5.4 mol L-1 HCl aqueous solution. The permeation inhibition efficiencies (IEp (%)) of 5-hydroxy-2-nitromethylene-hexahydropyrimidine (HPY) and a commercial corrosion inhibitor (CCI) were also evaluated. Among the ILs, the (BMIM)+(BF4)- compound presented the highest corrosion and hydrogen permeation inhibition efficiencies, with values of 23% and 30%, respectively. The (EMIM)+(Br)- and (EMIM)+(Ac)- compounds were not effective against corrosion, but they presented IEp of 15.8% and 23%, respectively. The HPY compound demonstrated 61% effectiveness in preventing corrosion, while in silico evaluation indicated no toxicity. However, neither the HPY compound nor the CCI compound inhibited the entry of hydrogen into the carbon steel during the pickling process. work ILs (ILs 1ethyl3methylimidazolium ethylmethylimidazolium 1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium EMIM+Ac, EMIMAc EMIM + Ac , [(EMIM)+(Ac)-] EMIM+Br, EMIMBr Br [(EMIM)+(Br)-] 1butyl3methylimidazolium butylmethylimidazolium butyl BMIM+BF4 BMIMBF4 BMIMBF BMIM BF4 BF [(BMIM)+(BF4)- 54 5 4 5. L1 L L- solution % (%) 5hydroxy2nitromethylenehexahydropyrimidine hydroxynitromethylenehexahydropyrimidine hydroxy 2 nitromethylene hexahydropyrimidine (HPY (CCI evaluated (BMIM)+(BF4) 23 30 30% respectively EMIM+Br (EMIM)+(Br) EMIM+Ac (EMIM)+(Ac) 158 15 8 15.8 61 toxicity However process [(EMIM)+(Ac)- [(EMIM)+(Br)- BMIM+BF [(BMIM)+(BF4) (% nitromethylenehexahydropyrimidine (BMIM)+(BF4 (EMIM)+(Br (EMIM)+(Ac 15. 6 [(EMIM)+(Ac) [(EMIM)+(Br) [(BMIM)+(BF4 ( (BMIM)+(BF [(EMIM)+(Ac [(EMIM)+(Br [(BMIM)+(BF

Ferroelectric thin films of 0.2BaTiO3 – 0.8BaZr0.5Ti0.5O3 (BT-BZT) are dielectric materials applied in various sensors, particularly in capacitor manufacturing, due to their excellent electrical properties. This ferroelectric material also has a high dielectric constant value, such that it is suitable for use in Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FeRAM) and microwaves. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize thin BT-BZT films with annealing temperature variations of 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C. To achieve this, the sol-gel method was applied to Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrate, a selected technique for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The electrochemical properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The research results show that at a frequency of 100 Hz, the highest dielectric constant obtained was 58975.43 at a temperature of 800 °C. This temperature has the highest resistance compared to other samples. The highest capacitance value is 2.9 µF at a temperature of 700 oC. Therefore, it was concluded that the annealing temperature influenced the dielectric constant and the capacitance values of the capacitor. 02BaTiO3 BaTiO 0 2BaTiO3 0.2BaTiO 08BaZr05Ti05O3 BaZrTiO 8BaZr0 5Ti0 5O3 BaZr Ti O 0.8BaZr0.5Ti0.5O BTBZT BT BZT (BT-BZT sensors manufacturing FeRAM (FeRAM microwaves Therefore 70 C °C 75 80 solgel sol gel FTO (FTO substrate costeffectiveness. costeffectiveness cost effectiveness. effectiveness cost-effectiveness EIS. EIS . (EIS) 10 Hz 5897543 58975 43 58975.4 samples 29 2 9 2. oC 02BaTiO 2BaTiO 08BaZr05Ti05O 8BaZr 5Ti 5O 7 8 (EIS 1 589754 5897 4 58975. 589 58 5

The integration of Inconel 718 (IN718) and Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) based wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for wall fabrication with a near-net shape and low buy-to-fly ratio presents a novel and promising approach with potential applications in various industrial sectors, including aerospace and automotive industries. This research aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical anisotropy of thin-walled IN718 components that were produced using CMT based WAAM, and to compare the properties of as-deposited and heat-treated samples that underwent aerospace (AMS5663) procedures. To characterize the microstructure of the specimens, we employed optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and an element probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Tensile and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimens. Our results revealed that the as-deposited samples exhibited a dendritic microstructure with a high degree of segregation, leading to lower mechanical strength than that of the heat-treated specimens. Precipitated heat treatment promoted the precipitation of strengthening phases, such as gamma prime and carbides, improving the mechanical properties. In contrast, the precipitated heat-treated specimens exhibited a more refined microstructure with equiaxed grains and a significantly enhanced mechanical strength. This study provides critical insights into optimizing the material for different applications, leading to the development of more efficient and effective parts. 71 IN (IN718 (CMT WAAM (WAAM nearnet near net buytofly buy fly sectors industries thinwalled thin walled IN71 asdeposited deposited heattreated treated AMS5663 AMS (AMS5663 procedures SEM (SEM EDS (EDS EPMA. EPMA . (EPMA) segregation phases carbides contrast parts 7 (IN71 IN7 AMS566 (AMS566 (EPMA (IN7 AMS56 (AMS56 (IN AMS5 (AMS5 (AMS

The novelty of the present study lies in synthesized ZnO film in a single step by chemical bath deposition. The typical conversion of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) into ZnO material through thermal annealing is not required. A direct synthesis has achieved using four different zinc salt sources, yielding equivalent results. All the synthesized ZnO films were non-specular and adhered well to the glass slide substrates. We present the results of the structural, optical, and morphological characterization techniques. These revealed a hexagonal structure, a band-gap energy of around 3.2 eV, and a hexagonal nanorod shape for all the synthesized ZnO films. deposition ZnOH2 ZnOH Zn OH 2 (Zn(OH)2 required sources nonspecular non specular substrates structural optical techniques structure bandgap band gap 32 3 3. eV (Zn(OH) (Zn(OH

Membrane technology offers solutions for separation of complex gas mixtures. Therefore, new efficient and durable membranes are required to produce gas permeation modules with high area/volume for CO2 removal from natural gas. This study aims to develop cost-effective zeolite DD3R alumina composite hollow fibers to achieve these process requirements. A porous hollow fiber support from low-cost alumina was prepared via phase inversion followed by thermal treatment. DD3R zeolite seeds were then implanted over the surface of the microporous hollow fibers to form a selective layer by hydrothermal synthesis. The thickness of the selective layer was controlled by the seed concentration, which also affected the crystal intergrowth and competing zeolite phase formation, Sigma-2, which influenced the membrane performance. A reduced-diameter composite DD3R-alumina hollow fiber was obtained with a selectivity of 203 and a CO2 permeance of 5.4 x 10-8 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 at a pressure of 2 bar. mixtures Therefore areavolume area volume CO costeffective cost effective DDR DD R requirements lowcost low treatment synthesis concentration formation Sigma2, Sigma2 Sigma 2, Sigma-2 performance reduceddiameter reduced diameter DD3Ralumina DDRalumina 20 54 5 4 5. 108 10 8 10- m2 m m− s1 s 1 s− Pa1 Pa Pa− bar Sigma- Ralumina

High chromium cast irons (HCCIs) are widely applied in the mining industry as components of equipment for iron ore transportation, in which their surfaces are subjected to abrasive and erosive wear. The present work evaluated the erosion-abrasion behavior of a HCCI possessing different amounts of austenite and martensite, using a laboratory impeller-tumbler wear test apparatus and iron ore pellets as abrasive material. The results showed that the wear dominant mechanism on the worn surface of the as-cast material depends upon the material microstructure. For HCCI destabilized at 930 and 990 °C, the matrix has high martensite/austenite ratio and finely dispersed secondary carbides, offering high abrasion-erosion wear resistance. The absence of fractured eutectic carbides indicates that such matrix has hardness and load bearing capacity, enough for mitigating a significant plastic deformation during the impact pellets. For HCCI destabilized at 1050 °C, the matrix has a low martensite/austenite ratio and coalesced secondary carbides, leading to high wear rates during erosion-abrasion tests. HCCIs (HCCIs transportation erosionabrasion erosion abrasion martensite impellertumbler impeller tumbler ascast microstructure 93 99 C °C martensiteaustenite abrasionerosion resistance capacity 105 tests 9 10 1

In this study, nanostructured coatings of VN2/Fe3N/Fe4N are synthesized by Plasma Deposition (CCPD) using a vanadium cathodic cage and subject to cathodic and floating potential treatments. Microstructural and mechanical properties of coated SAE 1080 steel samples are investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vickers microhardness (HV), and surface roughness analysis. The coating produced under cathodic potential treatment exhibited a nitride-based microstructure (VN2, Fe3N, Fe4N), with surface morphology consisting of clusters of granular structures with varied particle sizes. The coating produced under floating potential predominantly exhibited the iron nitride phase (Fe3N) with a morphology composed of uniformly sized grains. Microhardness testing showed that both layers exhibited more excellent plastic deformation resistance than the substrate. Roughness measurements confirmed a more organized microstructure profile for the sample treated under floating potential. This study demonstrates that the CCPD-produced cathodic potential coating can be utilized in tribological applications. VN2Fe3NFe4N VNFeNFeN VN2 Fe3N Fe4N VN Fe N CCPD (CCPD treatments 108 Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) SEM, SEM (SEM) HV, HV (HV) analysis nitridebased based VN2, (VN2 FeN Fe4N, Fe4N) sizes (Fe3N grains substrate CCPDproduced applications NFe 10 (XRD (SEM (HV (VN 1

Blending finer powders of Ti, Zr, Ta, Sc, and Nb compounds as inoculants have been a promising strategy to modify precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys for laser-based powder bed fusion, promoting a crack-free equiaxed microstructure. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the influence of these fine Al-Nb-B inoculant particles on the AA 2017 powder's physical characteristics and flowability during the process. The results indicate that blended powder has a similar PSD to AA 2017 powder. Furthermore, the circularity, smoothness, and morphology of the particles indicate that both inoculant and AA2017 powders do not exhibit high sphericity, but the blended powder showed slightly more agglomerated particles. Regarding rheological properties, it was observed that a higher flow energy was required to move the blended powder in unconfined conditions compared to the AA 2017 powder. Additionally, the blended powder exhibited higher compressibility and tendency to retain air in packed conditions during the deposition and spreading process. In conclusion, the physical characterization techniques combined with rheological tests have proven to be a rapid and reliable approach for assessing the impact of the finer inoculant particles' characteristics on the laser-based powder bed fusion. Ti Zr Ta Sc precipitationhardened precipitation hardened laserbased laser based fusion crackfree crack free microstructure However AlNbB Al B 201 s process Furthermore circularity smoothness AA201 sphericity properties Additionally conclusion 20 AA20 2 AA2

A solution blow spinning (SBS) process was utilized to create nanofibers of TiO2/C and TiO2/C/N with potential applications in photocatalysis and dye adsorption. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a carbon and nitrogen source. Their content in the TiO2 structure decreased as the temperature increased from 350 to 550 °C. Physical-chemical, morphological, and structural features were investigated. Adsorption and photodegradation experiments revealed that the material calcined at 400 °C had higher dye removal (98%) under dark settings, whereas the greater photodegradation efficiency under visible and UV light was 56% and 98%, respectively, for the sample calcined at 550 °C. The results suggest that the SBS has the potential to develop an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for use in treatments of contaminated water. (SBS TiO2C TiOC C TiO TiO2CN TiOCN N adsorption source 35 55 Physicalchemical, Physicalchemical Physical chemical, chemical Physical-chemical morphological investigated 40 98% 98 (98% settings 56 respectively water CN 3 5 4 9 (98 (9 (

The surge in deep and ultra-deep water oil exploration in Brazil, particularly in the pre-salt layer, necessitates the advancement of materials and engineering components to meet sectoral challenges. To enhance the longevity and corrosion resistance of pipelines and structures, welded cladding of stainless alloys onto structural steels has been deployed. However, dissimilar welding often leads to the formation of Partially Diluted Zones (PDZ), marked by discontinuous, high-hardness regions at the interface. This study employs Electron Microscopy via Backscattered Electron Diffraction (EBSD) to characterize these zones, addressing limitations in conventional metallographic techniques. By cladding ASTM A36 steel test plates with AWS E 309L (309L stainless steel) through automated MIG welding, metallurgical-mechanical properties were assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM), EBSD, SEM-EDS, and Vickers Microhardness. The Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) displayed low hardness, while the PDZ exhibited varied morphologies with significant concentrations of iron, chromium, and nickel, accompanied by elevated microhardness and a characteristic martensitic microstructure. In comparison between single and double-layer depositions, the latter substantially reduced hardness in the PDZ and HAZ. This study provides critical insights into the microstructural attributes of welded cladding, offering valuable guidance for optimizing materials in deepwater applications. ultradeep ultra Brazil presalt pre salt layer challenges structures deployed However PDZ, , (PDZ) discontinuous highhardness high interface EBSD (EBSD zones techniques A A3 L metallurgicalmechanical metallurgical mechanical FEGSEM, FEGSEM FEG SEM (FEG-SEM) SEMEDS, SEMEDS EDS, EDS SEM-EDS Microhardness HeatAffected Heat Affected HAZ (HAZ iron chromium nickel microstructure doublelayer double depositions applications (PDZ (FEG-SEM

Austenitic and lean duplex stainless steels, such as AISI 317L and SAF 2304, present high mechanical and corrosion resistance, which make them alternative materials for biodiesel plant equipment. Because there is not sufficient research about these stainless steel-specific applications, this work aims to evaluate AISI 317L and SAF 2304 stainless-steel pitting corrosion resistance in a chloride-containing acidified glycerin solution, collected directly from a biodiesel plant. The SAF 2304 presented a higher pitting potential than the AISI 317L, at room temperature and at service temperature, 337 K. However, the SAF 2304 passive layer was more reactive than the AISI 317L, showing a higher passive current density in the polarization and chronoamperimetric tests. Furthermore, the Mott–Schottky technique showed that the passive layer of the AISI 317L steel contained a lower concentration of defects than the passive layer of the SAF 2304, and the oxides of the passive layers are n-type semiconductors. steels L equipment steelspecific specific applications 230 stainlesssteel chloridecontaining chloride containing solution 33 K However tests Furthermore MottSchottky Mott Schottky ntype n type semiconductors 23 3 2