Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal bond strength of a universal adhesive and chemically characterize the dentin substrate under different acid etching protocols. Methodology Dentin samples were etched with polyacrylic acid 25% (PAA) for 10 seconds (n=3) and phosphoric acid 32% (PA) for 15 seconds (n=3) and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) before and after treatment. For collagen degradation, samples (n=12) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Deionized water (control), and analyzed by the quantity of solubilized type I collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides and solubilized C-terminal peptide in relation to total protein concentration (ICTPtp and CTXtp) and by their ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For the adhesive interface analysis, dentin samples (n=72) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Self-etch (SE), and subdivided into 2 groups: 24 h (baseline) and 1 year. The following tests were performed: microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (n=48), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n=12), and nanoleakage (n=12). Results The FTIR of PAA showed lower reduction of the peaks in the phosphate group when compared to PA. For ICTPtp, PA showed a significantly higher value. For CTXtp, PA and PAA groups failed to statically differ from each other. UTS was significantly lower for PA. For μTBS, storage time significantly affected bond strength. The results were unaffected by the etching protocol. For SEM, after 1 year, PA had little evidence of degradation in the upper third of the adhesive interface in comparison to the other groups. Nanoleakage showed no considerable silver impregnation after 1 year in the SE group. Conclusion The use of PAA prior to a universal adhesive (when compared to PA) represents a less aggressive type of etching to dentin. However, self-etching still seems to be the best option for universal adhesive systems that have functional monomers in their composition. protocols 25 (PAA n=3 n3 n (n=3 32 (PA FTIRATR ATR (FTIR-ATR treatment n=12 n12 12 (n=12 control, control , (control) Cterminal C terminal crosslinked cross linked ICTPtp CTXtp UTS. . (UTS) analysis n=72 n72 72 (n=72 Selfetch Self etch SE, (SE) baseline (baseline performed μTBS (μTBS n=48, n48 n=48 48 (n=48) SEM (SEM n=12, n=12. value protocol However selfetching self composition n= (n= n=1 n1 (n=1 (control (UTS n=7 n7 7 (n=7 (SE n4 n=4 4 (n=48 (n (n=4

Abstract Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease. Objectives To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients. Methodology The maxillary complete dentures (MCDs) of 340 hospitalized participants were randomly cleaned once using one of the following 17 protocols (n=20): brushing with distilled water, toothpaste, or neutral liquid soap (controls); immersion in chemical solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate), or microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min) combined or not with brushing. Before and after the application of the protocols, the biofilm of the intaglio surface of the MCDs was evaluated using two methods: denture biofilm coverage area (%) and microbiological quantitative cultures on blood agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (CFU/mL). Data were subjected to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Results All 17 protocols significantly reduced the percentage area of denture biofilm and microbial and fungal load (P<0.05). The highest percentage reductions in the area of denture biofilm were observed for 1% hypochlorite solution with or without brushing and for 2% chlorhexidine solution and microwave irradiation only in association with brushing (P<0.05). The greatest reductions in microbial and fungal load were found for the groups that used solutions of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, regardless of the association with brushing (P<0.05). Conclusions A single immersion for 10 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, even in the absence of brushing, proved to be a straightforward, rapid, low-cost, and effective protocol for cleaning the dentures of hospitalized patients. pathogens pneumonia h admission straightforward affordable disease antibiofilm anti patients (MCDs 34 1 n=20 n20 n 20 (n=20) water toothpaste controls (controls) (1 peroxide 012 0 12 0.12 2 digluconate, digluconate , digluconate) 650 (65 methods % (% CFU/mL. CFUmL CFU/mL . CFU mL (CFU/mL) KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 (P<0.05) rapid lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost n=2 n2 (n=20 (controls ( 01 0.1 65 (6 (CFU/mL α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 n= (n=2 0. 6 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 (n= α=0 (α=0. P<0 (P<0. (n α= (α=0 P< (P<0 (α= (P< (α (P

Abstract Objective The present in vitro study incorporated niobium oxyhydroxide fillers into an experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite to improve its mechanical performance and provide it a bioactive potential. Methodology Scanning electron microscopy synthesized and characterized 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers, demonstrating a homogeneous morphology that represented a reinforcement for the feature. Fillers were weighed, gradually added to the experimental resin composite, and homogenized for one minute, forming three groups: BF (experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite; control), BF0.5 (experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite modified with 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers), and BFC (commercial bulk-fill resin composite Beautifil Bulk U, Shofu; positive control). In total, 10 specimens/groups (8 × 2 × 2 mm) underwent flexural strength (FS) tests in a universal testing machine (Instron) (500N). Resin composites were also assessed for Knoop hardness (KH), depth of cure (DoC), degree of conversion (DC), elastic modulus (E), and degree of color change (ΔE). The bioactive potential of the developed resin composite was evaluated after immersing the specimens into a simulated body fluid in vitro solution and assessing them using a Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscope with an attenuated total reflectance accessory. One-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey’s test (p<0.05), determined FS, DC, KH, and ΔE. For DoC, ANOVA was performed, which demonstrated no significant difference between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions The high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite with 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers showed promising outcomes as reinforcement agents and performed well for bioactive potential, although less predictable than the commercial resin composite with Giomer technology. highviscosity high viscosity bulkfill bulk fill 05 0 5 0.5 feature weighed minute control, control , control) BF05 BF0 BF0. fillers) U Shofu control. . 1 specimensgroups 8 ( mm FS (FS Instron (Instron 500N. 500N N (500N) KH (KH) DoC (DoC) DC (DC) E, E (E) ΔE (ΔE) Fouriertransformed Fourier transformed accessory Oneway One way Tukeys Tukey s p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) p<0.05. technology 0. (500N (KH (DoC (DC (E (ΔE p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Objective This study aims to develop a compound biomaterial to achieve effective soft tissue regeneration. Methodology Compound hyaluronic acid (CHA) and liquid horizontal-platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 to form a CHA-PRF gel. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were used in this study. The effect of CHA, H-PRF, and the CHA-PRF gel on cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assays. Then, the effect of CHA, H-PRF, and the CHA-PRF gel on collagen formation and deposition was evaluated by qRT‒PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. Finally, qRT‒PCR, immunofluorescence analysis, Transwell assays, and scratch wound-healing assays were performed to determine how CHA, H-PRF, and the CHA-PRF gel affect the migration of HGFs. Results The combination of CHA and H-PRF shortened the coagulation time of liquid H-PRF. Compared to the pure CHA and H-PRF group, the CHA-PRF group exhibited the highest cell proliferation at all time points, as shown by the CCK-8 assay. Col1a and FAK were expressed at the highest levels in the CHA-PRF group, as shown by qRT‒PCR. CHA and PRF could stimulate collagen formation and HGF migration, as observed by fluorescence microscopy analysis of COL1 and F-actin and Transwell and scratch healing assays. Conclusion The CHA-PRF group exhibited greater potential to promote soft tissue regeneration by inducing cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and migration in HGFs than the pure CHA or H-PRF group. CHA-PRF can serve as a great candidate for use alone or in combination with autografts in periodontal or peri-implant soft tissue regeneration. (CHA horizontalplateletrich horizontal platelet rich HPRF H (H-PRF 11 1 1: CHAPRF (HGFs HPRF, PRF, CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- Then qRTPCR qRT PCR Finally woundhealing wound HPRF. PRF. points assay Cola Col COL Factin F actin synthesis periimplant peri implant

Abstract Objective This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of two regenerative surgical methods — Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes and Bio-Oss Collagen alone — and to help clinicians achieve better periodontal regeneration outcomes in the specific periodontal condition. Methodology Patients who underwent periodontal regeneration surgery from January 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively screened, and their clinical and radiographic outcomes at 6 months postoperatively were analyzed. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (GR), distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the bottom of the bone defect (CEJ-BD), and depth of intrabony defects (INFRA) were recorded before the operation (T0) and 6 months after it (T1), and subsequently compared. Results In total, 143 patients were included — 77 were placed in the Bio-Oss group and 66 were placed in the Bio-Oss Collagen group. All indicators, including PD and CAL at T1, showed significant differences compared to baseline, for both groups (P<0.001). PD reduction was greater in the group receiving the Bio-Oss Collagen treatment (P=0.042). Furthermore, in cases when the baseline PD range was 7-11 mm and the age range was 35-50 years, PD reduction was more significant for patients receiving the Bio-Oss Collagen treatment (P=0.031, 0.023). A linear regression analysis indicated that postoperative PD and CAL were positively correlated with baseline values, and that the efficacy tended to decrease with increasing age. Conclusion Both the use of Bio-Oss Collagen alone and the use of Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes resulted in significant effects in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. The Bio-Oss Collagen treatment generated more improvements in PD than the Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes, particularly within the baseline PD range of 7-11 mm and the 35-50 years age group. Additionally, age was the main factor influencing the effectiveness of regenerative surgery for intrabony defects: older individuals exhibited fewer improvements. BioOss Bio Oss condition 201 202 screened analyzed PD, , (PD) CAL, (CAL) BOP, BOP (BOP) GR, GR (GR) cementoenamel cemento enamel CEJBD, CEJBD CEJ BD (CEJ-BD) INFRA (INFRA T0 T (T0 T1 (T1) total 14 7 indicators P<0.001. P0001 P P<0.001 . 0 001 (P<0.001) P=0.042. P0042 P=0.042 042 (P=0.042) Furthermore 711 11 7-1 3550 35 50 35-5 P=0.031, P0031 031 (P=0.031 0.023. 0023 0.023 023 0.023) values Additionally 20 (PD (CAL (BOP (GR (CEJ-BD (T (T1 1 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 P004 P=0.04 04 (P=0.042 71 7- 355 3 5 35- P=0.031 P003 03 (P=0.03 002 0.02 02 2 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.00 P=0.0 (P=0.04 P=0.03 (P=0.0 0.0 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P=0. (P=0. 0. P<0 (P<0. P=0 (P=0 P< (P<0 P= (P= (P< (P

Abstract During oral surgery and temporomandibular joint repositioning, pain hypersensitivity often occurs due to irritation or inflammation of the nerve endings in the orofacial region. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ECa 233, a Centella asiatica–standardized extract, on the development of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve in mice. Methodology: The right infraorbital nerves of the mice were ligated. Oral carbamazepine (20 mg/kg) or ECa 233 (30, 100, or 300 mg/kg) was administered daily for 21 days. Von Frey and air-puff tests were performed on both sides of the whisker pad on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Thereafter, the expression of purinergic receptor subtype 3 (P2X3) and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (NaV1.7), a transmembrane protein, in the trigeminal ganglion and c-fos immunoreactivity-positive neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis was assessed. Results: After 21 days of infraorbital nerve ligation, the mice showed allodynia- and hyperalgesia-like behavior, P2X3 and NaV1.7 were upregulated in the trigeminal ganglion, and nociceptive activity increased in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. However, the oral administration of carbamazepine (20 mg/kg), ECa 233 (100 mg/kg), or ECa 233 (300 mg/kg) mitigated these effects. Nevertheless, ECa 233 failed to affect NaV1.7 protein expression. Conclusion: Carbamazepine and ECa 233 can prevent pain hypersensitivity in mice. Considering the side effects of the long-term use of carbamazepine, ECa 233 monotherapy or combined ECa 233 and carbamazepine therapy can be used as an alternative for regulating the development of hypersensitivity in trigeminal pain. However, further detailed clinical studies should be conducted to provide comprehensive information on the use of ECa 233. repositioning region Objective asiaticastandardized asiatica standardized extract Methodology ligated 20 (2 mg/kg mgkg mg kg 23 30, 30 (30 100 2 airpuff air puff 0 7 14 Thereafter PX P X (P2X3 voltagegated voltage gated 17 1 1. NaV1.7, NaV17 NaV , NaV1 (NaV1.7) cfos c fos immunoreactivitypositive immunoreactivity positive assessed Results ligation hyperalgesialike like behavior P2X NaV1. However mg/kg, (10 Nevertheless Conclusion longterm long term ( (3 10 (P2X (NaV1.7 (1 (NaV1. (NaV1 (NaV

Abstract Aim: Polymorphisms in the COMT gene can alter enzymatic functions, raising levels of endogenous catecholamines, which stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors related to pain. This study aimed to evaluate whether a polymorphism in the COMT gene (rs4818) is associated with dental pain in children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 731 pairs of children and parents randomly selected from a population-based sample of eight-year-old children. Reports of dental pain was evaluated using a question directed at the parents and self-reported pain using the Faces Pain Scale – Revised. Dental caries experience was determined using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. For genetic analysis, DNA was obtained from oral mucosa epithelial cells of 352 children randomly selected from the initial sample. Results: Children with the CC genotype had higher odds of reporting moderate to intense pain than those with the GG genotype (OR=3.60; 95% CI=0.80–16.20; p=0.03). These same children had greater odds of parental reports of pain (OR=1.93; 95% CI=0.91-4.08; p=0.02). Moreover, lower schooling of parents/guardians and caries experience in the primary dentition were significantly associated with greater odds of a parental report of dental pain (OR=2.06; 95% CI=1.47–2.91; p<0.001; OR=6.26; 95% CI=4.46–8.78; p<0.001). Conclusions: The rs4818 polymorphism of the COMT gene is associated with dental pain. Children with the C allele are more likely to report higher levels of pain. Clinical Relevance: Even though the experience of pain is subjective and multifactorial, this study raises the hypothesis that there is a genetic predisposition to dental pain that should be considered in clinical practice. Aim functions catecholamines betaadrenergic beta adrenergic rs (rs4818 Methodology crosssectional cross sectional 73 populationbased population based eightyearold eight year old selfreported self reported Revised Decayed Missing DMFT (DMFT index analysis 35 Results OR=3.60 OR360 OR 3 60 (OR=3.60 95 CI=0.80–16.20 CI0801620 CI 0 80 16 20 p=0.03. p003 p p=0.03 . 03 p=0.03) OR=1.93 OR193 1 93 (OR=1.93 CI=0.914.08 CI091408 CI=0.91 4.08 91 4 08 CI=0.91-4.08 p=0.02. p002 p=0.02 02 p=0.02) Moreover parentsguardians guardians OR=2.06 OR206 2 06 (OR=2.06 CI=1.47–2.91 CI147291 47 p<0.001 p0001 001 OR=6.26 OR626 6 26 CI=4.46–8.78 CI446878 46 8 78 p<0.001. p<0.001) Conclusions rs481 Relevance multifactorial practice (rs481 7 OR=3.6 OR36 (OR=3.6 9 CI=0.80–16.2 CI080162 p00 p=0.0 OR=1.9 OR19 (OR=1.9 914 CI=0.914.0 CI09140 CI091 CI=0.9 408 4.0 CI=0.91-4.0 OR=2.0 OR20 (OR=2.0 CI=1.47–2.9 CI14729 p<0.00 p000 00 OR=6.2 OR62 CI=4.46–8.7 CI44687 rs48 (rs48 OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. CI=0.80–16. CI08016 p0 p=0. OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. CI=0.914. CI0914 CI09 CI=0. 40 4. CI=0.91-4. OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. CI=1.47–2. CI1472 p<0.0 OR=6. OR6 CI=4.46–8. CI4468 rs4 (rs4 OR=3 (OR=3 CI=0.80–16 CI0801 p=0 OR=1 (OR=1 CI=0.914 CI0 CI=0 CI=0.91-4 OR=2 (OR=2 CI=1.47–2 CI147 p<0. OR=6 CI=4.46–8 CI446 (rs OR= (OR= CI=0.80–1 CI080 p= CI= CI=0.91- CI=1.47– CI14 p<0 CI=4.46– CI44 (OR CI=0.80– CI08 CI=1.47 CI1 p< CI=4.46 CI4 CI=0.80 CI=1.4 CI=4.4 CI=0.8 CI=1. CI=4. CI=1 CI=4

Abstract Research would be important for obtaining a better understanding of voice complaints among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Objective The identification of predictors of voice disorders associated with TMD pain was made according to Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I. Methodology Functional limitations were measured using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scales for mastication (JFLS-M), jaw mobility (JFLS-JM), and verbal and emotional expression (JFLS-VEE). Patients also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The primary outcome was social-emotional and physical functioning as indicated by scores on the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the relationship between the domains on the V-RQOL questionnaire and scores on the HADS and JFLS after adjusting for age, gender, DC/TMD diagnosis, pain intensity, and time since pain onset. Results The HADS-D (B=-1.15; 95% CI, -1.718 to -0.587; p<.001) and JFLS-VEE (B=-0.22; 95% CI, -0.40 to -0.06; p=.008) were significant predictors of scores on the V-RQOL questionnaire. Conclusion Higher scores on depression measures and limitations in verbal and emotional expression could exacerbate voice problems among TMD pain patients. Future research should promote multidisciplinary treatments for TMD pain-related voice disorders. TMD. . (TMD) DCTMD DC (DC/TMD I JFLSM, JFLSM M , (JFLS-M) JFLSJM, JFLSJM JM (JFLS-JM) JFLSVEE. JFLSVEE VEE (JFLS-VEE) HADS. (HADS) socialemotional social VoiceRelated Voice Related VRQOL V RQOL (V-RQOL age gender diagnosis intensity onset HADSD D B=1.15 B115 B B= 1.15 1 15 (B=-1.15 95 CI 1.718 1718 718 -1.71 0.587 0587 0 587 -0.587 p<.001 p001 p 001 B=0.22 B022 0.22 22 (B=-0.22 0.40 040 40 -0.4 0.06 006 06 -0.06 p=.008 p008 008 painrelated related (TMD (JFLS-M (JFLS-JM (JFLS-VEE (HADS B=1.1 B11 115 1.1 (B=-1.1 9 1.71 171 71 -1.7 0.58 058 58 -0.58 p<.00 p00 00 B=0.2 B02 022 0.2 2 (B=-0.2 0.4 04 4 -0. 0.0 -0.0 p=.00 B=1. B1 11 1. (B=-1. 1.7 17 7 -1. 0.5 05 5 -0.5 p<.0 p0 B=0. B0 02 0. (B=-0. -0 p=.0 B=1 (B=-1 -1 p<. B=0 (B=-0 - p=. (B=- p< p= (B= (B

Abstract Objective To determine whether intra-mucosal injection of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) can promote healing after Diode Laser Gingival Depigmentation (DLGD). Methodology A total of 20 arch sites of hyperpigmented gingiva of 10 patients underwent DLGD. For each patient, two arch sites were randomly assigned for either intra-mucosal injection of i-PRF (G1-i-PRF) (n=10 sites) or no treatment (G2-Control): (n=10 sites). Wound Healing Score (WHS), patient satisfaction, and Pigmentation Index (DOPI) were measured at 1 week and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Histological assessment of tissue specimens was performed at baseline and 1 week. Results The percentage change in WHS at 1 week was significantly higher in G1 (58.34±15.43) compared to G2 (37.50±11.79). At day 1, 50% of patients in G1 were pain free compared with 75% in G2, who had mild pain. Mean DOPI decreased significantly at 3 months in both groups (P-value <0.001), without significant differences between groups. G1 specimens showed significantly higher epithelial thickness (P-value <0.001), as well as a higher number of blood vessels and less percentage of inflammatory cells. Conclusions i-PRF demonstrated better clinical and histological healing potential and less patient discomfort compared to sites without treatment after DLGD. Registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ as (NCT05283668). intramucosal intra mucosal plateletrich platelet rich iPRF i PRF (i-PRF DLGD . (DLGD) 2 G1iPRF GiPRF G (G1-i-PRF n=10 n10 n (n=1 G2Control GControl Control (G2-Control) sites. WHS, , (WHS) satisfaction (DOPI postoperatively 58.34±15.43 58341543 58 34 15 43 (58.34±15.43 37.50±11.79. 37501179 37.50±11.79 37 50 11 79 (37.50±11.79) 75 Pvalue P value <0.001, 0001 <0.001 0 001 <0.001) cells https//clinicaltrials.gov/ httpsclinicaltrialsgov https //clinicaltrials.gov/ clinicaltrials gov https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT05283668. NCT05283668 NCT (NCT05283668) (DLGD n=1 n1 (n= (G2-Control (WHS 58.34±15.4 5834154 5 4 (58.34±15.4 3750117 37.50±11.7 7 (37.50±11.79 000 <0.00 00 https//clinicaltrials.gov clinicaltrialsgov //clinicaltrials.gov NCT0528366 (NCT05283668 n= (n 58.34±15. 583415 (58.34±15. 375011 37.50±11. (37.50±11.7 <0.0 NCT052836 (NCT0528366 58.34±15 58341 (58.34±15 37501 37.50±11 (37.50±11. <0. NCT05283 (NCT052836 58.34±1 5834 (58.34±1 3750 37.50±1 (37.50±11 <0 NCT0528 (NCT05283 58.34± 583 (58.34± 375 37.50± (37.50±1 < NCT052 (NCT0528 58.34 (58.34 37.50 (37.50± NCT05 (NCT052 58.3 (58.3 37.5 (37.50 NCT0 (NCT05 58. (58. 37. (37.5 (NCT0 (58 (37. (NCT (5 (37 ( (3

Abstract Objective the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ozone therapy (OZN) on peri-implant bone repair in critical bones by installing osseointegrated implants in the tibia of ovariectomized rats. Methodology ovariectomy was performed on 30 Wistar rats, aged six months (Rattus novergicus), and, after 90 days, osseointegrated implants were installed in each tibial metaphysis. The study groups were divided into the animals that received intraperitoneal ozone at a concentration of 700 mcg/kg — OZ Group (n=15) — and a control group that received an intraperitoneal saline solution and, for this reason, was named the SAL group (n=15). The applications for both groups occurred during the immediate post-operative period on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th day post-surgery. At various stages (14, 42, and 60 days), the animals were euthanized, and tests were performed on their tibiae. These tests include histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, computerized microtomography, sampling in light-cured resin for calcified sections, and confocal microscopy. The obtained data were then analyzed using One-way ANOVA and the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and student t-tests (P<0.05). Results our findings indicate that the OZ group (3.26±0.20 mm) showed better cellular organization and bone neoformation at 14 days (SAL group, 0.90±1.42 mm) (P=0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed that osteocalcin labeling was moderate in the OZ group and mild in the SAL group at 14 and 42 days post-surgery. The data from the analysis of calcified tissues (microtomography, histometric, and bone dynamism analysis) at 60 days showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (P=0.32). Conclusion it was concluded that ozone therapy anticipated the initial phases of the peri-implant bone repair process. OZN (OZN periimplant peri implant rats 3 Rattus novergicus, novergicus , novergicus) 9 metaphysis 70 mcgkg mcg kg n=15 n15 n 15 (n=15 reason n=15. . postoperative post operative 2nd nd 4th th 6th 8th 10th postsurgery. postsurgery surgery. surgery post-surgery 14, (14 6 days) euthanized tibiae analyses microtomography lightcured light cured sections microscopy Oneway One way ShapiroWilk, ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk, Wilk Shapiro-Wilk KruskalWallis, KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis, Wallis Kruskal-Wallis ttests t P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) 3.26±0.20 326020 26 20 (3.26±0.2 mm 1 090142 0.90±1.4 P=0.001. P0001 P=0.001 001 (P=0.001) 4 (microtomography histometric P=0.32. P032 P=0.32 32 (P=0.32) process 7 n=1 n1 (n=1 (1 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 3.26±0.2 32602 2 (3.26±0. 09014 0.90±1. P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.001 P03 P=0.3 (P=0.32 n= (n= ( P0 P<0. (P<0.0 3.26±0. 3260 (3.26±0 0901 0.90±1 P=0.0 (P=0.00 P=0. (P=0.3 (n P<0 (P<0. 3.26±0 326 (3.26± 090 0.90± (P=0.0 P=0 (P=0. P< (P<0 3.26± (3.26 09 0.90 P= (P=0 (P< 3.26 (3.2 0.9 (P= (P 3.2 (3. 0. 3. (3

Abstract At low concentrations used for in-office bleaching gels, such as 6% HP, gingival barrier continues to be performed. If we take into account that, in the at-home bleaching technique, no barrier is indicated, it seems that the use of a gingival barrier fails to make much sense when bleaching gel in low concentration is used for in-office bleaching. Objective This double-blind, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial evaluated the gingival irritation (GI) of in-office bleaching using 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with and without a gingival barrier in adolescents, as well as color change and the impact of oral condition on quality of life. Methodology Overall, 60 participants were randomized into which side would or would not receive the gingival barrier. In-office bleaching was performed for 50 minutes with 6% HP in three sessions. The absolute risk and intensity of GI were assessed with a visual analogue scale. Color change was assessed using a digital spectrophotometer and color guides. The impact of oral condition on quality of life was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (α=0.05). Results The proportion of patients who presented GI for the “with barrier” group was 31.6% and for the “without barrier” group, 30% (p=1.0). There is an equivalence for the evaluated groups regarding GI intensity (p<0.01). Color change was detected with no statistical differences (p>0.29). There was a significant impact of oral condition on quality of life after bleaching (p<0.001). Conclusions The use or not of the gingival barrier for in-office bleaching with 6% HP was equivalent for GI, as well as for bleaching efficacy, with improvement in the impact of oral condition on quality of life. inoffice office gels 6 athome at home technique indicated doubleblind, doubleblind double blind, blind double-blind splitmouth, splitmouth split mouth, mouth split-mouth (GI (HP adolescents Overall Inoffice In 5 sessions scale guides α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 . 0 05 (α=0.05) 316 31 31.6 30 p=1.0. p10 p p=1.0 1 (p=1.0) p<0.01. p001 p<0.01 01 (p<0.01) p>0.29. p029 p>0.29 29 (p>0.29) p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) efficacy α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 3 31. p1 p=1. (p=1.0 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.01 p02 p>0.2 2 (p>0.29 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 α0 α=0. (α=0.0 p=1 (p=1. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.2 (p<0.00 α=0 (α=0. p= (p=1 p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. α= (α=0 (p= p< (p<0 p> (p>0 (α= (p (p< (p> (α

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) repairs bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) modulated by the reduction of NF-kB protein in a murine model. Methodology Male Wistar rats (N=30) were divided into the following groups (n=6/group): negative control (NC); experimental osteonecrosis (ONE); ONE + photosensitizer (PS); ONE + photobiomodulation (PBM); and ONE + aPDT. Over 8 weeks, ONE was induced by zoledronic acid 250 µg/kg injections, except in the NC group, which received sterile 0.9% saline, followed by extraction of the lower left first molar. Red light laser irradiation (wavelength ~660 nm, power 50 mW, energy of 2 J, energy dose of 66.67 J/cm2 for 40 s) was performed once a week for 4 weeks. Methylene blue 0.3% was used as PS. The animals were euthanized and examined macroscopically for the presence of exposed bone and epithelial repair and microscopically by histochemical (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining) and immunohistochemical (anti-NF-kB) methods. Macroscopic and histomorphometric data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test (p<0.05). Results Mucosal repair, viable osteocytes, and NF-kB immunostaining were observed in the NC, ONE+PS, ONE+PBM, and ONE+aPDT groups. The ONE group showed no mucosal repair, showing empty lacunae and multifocal immunostaining for NF-kB. The ONE+PBM and ONE+aPDT groups had greater deposition of extracellular matrix and less necrotic bone tissue (p<0.05). Conclusion PBM and aPDT treatments for BRONJ were effective for bone and epithelial repair, in addition to reducing inflammation mediated by the decrease of NF-kB protein in the irradiated regions. (aPDT bisphosphonaterelated bisphosphonate related (BRONJ NFkB NF kB model N=30 N30 N 30 (N=30 n=6/group n6group ngroup n 6 (n=6/group) (NC) (ONE) PS (PS) (PBM) weeks 25 µgkg µg kg injections 09 0 9 0.9 saline molar wavelength 660 ~66 nm 5 mW J 6667 66 67 66.6 Jcm2 Jcm cm2 cm J/cm s 03 3 0.3 hematoxylineosin hematoxylin eosin Massons Masson staining antiNFkB anti (anti-NF-kB methods oneway one way Tukeys Tukey posttest post test p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 05 (p<0.05) osteocytes ONEPS ONE+PS ONEPBM ONEaPDT NFkB. kB. regions N=3 N3 (N=3 (n=6/group (NC (ONE (PS (PBM 0. ~6 666 66. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 N= (N= ~ p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (N p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Specific products containing natural resources can contribute to the innovation of complete denture hygiene. Objective: To conduct an in vitro evaluation of experimental dentifrices containing essential oils of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (BvK), Copaifera officinalis (Co), Eucalyptus citriodora (Ec), Melaleuca alternifolia (Ma) and Pinus strobus (Ps) at 1%. Methodology: The variables evaluated were organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, abrasiveness (mechanical brushing machine) simulating 2.5 years, and microbial load (Colony Forming Units - CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT assay) and cell viability (Live/Dead® BacLight™ kit) of the multispecies biofilm (Streptococcus mutans: Sm, Staphylococcus aureus: Sa, Candida albicans: Ca and Candida glabrata: Cg). Specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resins (n=256) (n=96 specimens for abrasiveness, n=72 for microbial load count, n=72 for biofilm metabolic activity, n=16 for cell viability and total biofilm quantification) with formed biofilm were divided into eight groups for manual brushing (20 seconds) with a dental brush and distilled water (NC: negative control), Trihydral (PC: positive control), placebo (Pl), BvK, Co, Ec, Ma or Ps. After brushing, the specimens were washed with PBS and immersed in Letheen Broth medium, and the suspension was sown in solid specific medium. The organoleptic characteristics were presented by descriptive analysis. The values of density, pH, consistency and viscosity were presented in a table. The data were analyzed with the Wald test in a generalized linear model, followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test (mass change) and the Bonferroni test (UFC and XTT). The Wald test in Generalized Estimating Equations and the Bonferroni test were used to analyze cell viability. Results: All dentifrices showed stable organoleptic characteristics and adequate physicochemical properties. CN, Ec, Ps, Pl and PC showed low abrasiveness. There was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001) for microbial load, metabolic activity and biofilm viability. Conclusions: It was concluded that the BvK, Ec and Ps dentifrices are useful for cleaning complete dentures, as they have antimicrobial activity against biofilm. The dentifrices containing Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth showed medium abrasiveness and should be used with caution. hygiene Objective BvK , (BvK) Co (Co) (Ec) (Ma (Ps 1 1% Methodology mechanical machine 25 2 5 2. years Colony CFU/mL, CFUmL CFU/mL CFU mL CFU/mL) XTT assay Live/Dead® LiveDead Live Dead (Live/Dead BacLight kit Streptococcus mutans Sm aureus Sa albicans glabrata Cg. Cg . Cg) heatpolymerized heat polymerized n=256 n256 n 256 (n=256 n=96 n96 96 (n=9 n72 72 n=7 count n16 16 n=1 quantification 20 (2 seconds NC (NC control, control control) (PC Pl, (Pl) analysis density pH table model KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis Dunns Dunn s mass change UFC XTT. XTT) Results properties CN p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.001 Conclusions dentures caution (BvK (Co (Ec Live/Dead n=25 n25 (n=25 n=9 n9 9 (n= n7 7 n= n1 ( (Pl p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 n=2 n2 (n=2 (n p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract Repositioning guides are commonly employed in clinical studies to ensure consistent tooth color measurements. Yet, their influence on measured color remains uncertain. Objective This study evaluated the impact of repositioning guides’ color and usage on tooth color measurement using a clinical spectrophotometer. Methodology In total, 18 volunteers participated in this study, in which the color of their upper left central incisor and upper left canine was measured with or without repositioning guides (control). The guides were made from pink, blue, or translucent silicone, as well as an acetate-based bleaching tray. Tooth color was measured in triplicates using a clinical spectrophotometer based on the CIELAB system. The standard deviations of these readings were used to estimate reproducibility, and color differences (ΔE00) between the measurements with guides and the control were calculated. Results Repositioning guides had a minimal effect on L* values and no effect on b* values. The use of pink silicone increased a* values, whereas blue or translucent silicone reduced them. Irrespective of the evaluated tooth, the lowest ΔE00 values were observed for the translucent silicone and bleaching tray. The usage of guides only affected data variability for the L* color coordinate. Conclusion Using repositioning guides can significantly impact the precision of tooth color measurement with a clinical spectrophotometer. Yet uncertain total 1 control. . (control) acetatebased acetate tray system reproducibility ΔE (ΔE00 calculated L b them ΔE0 coordinate (control (ΔE0 (ΔE

Abstract Objective Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains a variety of growth factors and bioactive molecules that play crucial roles in wound healing and angiogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PRF on tissue thickness and vascularization of the palatal donor site by ultrasound (USG) following subepithelial connective tissue harvesting. Methodology A subepithelial connective tissue graft was harvested from the palatal region with a single incision for root coverage in 20 systemically healthy patients. In the test group (n = 10), the PRF membrane was placed at the donor site, whereas no material was applied in the control group (n=10). Palatal tissue thickness (PTT) and pulsatility index (PI) were evaluated by USG at baseline and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, and 90th days after surgery. The early healing index (EHI) was used to evaluate donor site healing for 30 days. Results PTT was significantly higher in the PRF group on the 3rd and 14th days after surgery when compared to the controls. In the PRF-treated group, PI levels were significantly higher than in the controls, especially on the 14th day. PTT increased significantly 90 days after surgery compared to the test group baseline, but controls showed a significant decrease. The PRF group showed statistically significant improvements in EHI scores compared to controls on days 3, 7, and 14. This study found a negative correlation between PI values and EHI scores on postoperative days three and seven in the test group. Conclusion USG is a non-invasive, objective method to radiographically evaluate the regenerative effects of PRF on palatal wound healing after soft tissue harvesting. To overcome graft inadequacy in reharvesting procedures, PRF application may enhance clinical success and reduce possible complications by increasing tissue thickness and revascularization in the donor area. Plateletrich Platelet rich (PRF angiogenesis (USG harvesting 2 patients n 10, 10 , 10) n=10. n10 n=10 . (n=10) (PTT (PI rd 7th th 30th (EHI 3 PRFtreated treated day 9 decrease 7 14 noninvasive, noninvasive non invasive, invasive non-invasive procedures area 1 n1 n=1 (n=10 n= (n=1 (n=