Abstract This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the access of patients with special needs (PSN) in Brazilian municipalities to hospital dental care of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS- SIH/SUS - SIH), from 2010 to 2018. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed; the Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with the variable total number of hospitalization authorizations with the main procedure of dental treatment for PSN (“Total de Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar” – AIH), the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 5% was used to characterize the relationships between the Municipal Human Development Index per municipality - (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal - HDI) and the Oral Health Coverage in the Family Health Strategy by municipality (Cobertura de saúde bucal na estratégia saúde da família por município - SBSF Coverage), and the relationship of the AIH with SBSF Coverage. A total of 127,691 procedures were performed, of which 71,517 (56%) were clinical procedures, such as restorations, endodontic treatments, supra and subgingival scaling, among others. Municipalities in the Midwest (PR=5.117) and Southeast (RP = 4.443) regions had more precedures than the others. A weak correlation was found between AIH and SBSF Coverage (r = -0.2, p < 0.001) and HDI and SBSF Coverage (r = -0.074, p < 0.001). Population size, region, health coverage, oral hygiene, and number of dentists in hospitals affected the availability of dental procedures in PSN. crosssectional cross sectional (PSN Sistema SUS, SUS , SUS) SIHSUS SIH SIH, SIH) 201 2018 KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov performed Total Hospitalar AIH, AIH) 5 Índice Cobertura Coverage, Coverage) 127691 127 691 127,69 71517 71 517 71,51 56% 56 (56% restorations treatments scaling others PR=5.117 PR5117 PR 117 (PR=5.117 RP 4.443 4443 4 443 r 0.2, 02 0 2 -0.2 0.001 0001 001 0.074, 0074 074 -0.074 0.001. . size region coverage hygiene 20 12769 12 69 127,6 7151 7 51 71,5 (56 PR=5.11 PR511 11 (PR=5.11 4.44 444 44 0.2 -0. 0.00 000 00 0.074 007 07 -0.07 1276 1 6 127, 715 71, (5 PR=5.1 PR51 (PR=5.1 4.4 0. -0 0.0 0.07 -0.0 ( PR=5. PR5 (PR=5. 4. PR=5 (PR=5 PR= (PR= (PR

Abstract: This study evaluated the stress distribution in the dentoalveolar and palatal bone structures during maxillary expansion in a 17-year-old male patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using expanders with dental (HYRAX) and skeletal anchorage (MARPE). For the generation of the specific finite element models, cone-beam computed tomography was used, and the DICOM files were exported to Mimics 3-Matic (Materialise) and Patran (MSC Software) software. Three specific three-dimensional models were generated: A) HYRAX: conventional four-banded hyrax screw (9 mm); B) MARPE-DS: 3 miniscrews (1.8 mm diameter – 5.4 mm length) and four-banded dental anchorage; and C) MARPE-NoDS: 3 miniscrews without dental anchorage. Maxillary expansion was simulated by activating the expanders transversely 1 mm on the "X" axis. HYRAX resulted in higher levels of deformation predominantly in the dentoalveolar region. MARPE-DS showed stress in the dentoalveolar region and mainly in the center of the palatal region, at approximately 4,000 με. MARPE-NoDS exhibited evident stress only in the palatal region. High stress levels in the root anchoring teeth were observed for HYRAX and MARPE-DS. In contrast, MARPE-NoDS cause stress on the tooth structure. The stress distribution from the expanders used in the BLCP showed asymmetric expansive behavior. During the initial activation phase of expansion, the HYRAX and MARPE-DS models produced similarly high strain at the dentoalveolar structures and upper posterior teeth displacement. The MARPE-NoDS model showed restricted strain on the palate. Abstract 17yearold yearold 17 year old BCLP (BCLP (HYRAX MARPE. MARPE . (MARPE) conebeam cone beam 3Matic Matic Materialise (Materialise MSC Software software threedimensional three dimensional generated A fourbanded four banded 9 ( mm) B MARPEDS DS 1.8 18 8 (1. 54 5 4 5. length C MARPENoDS NoDS X "X axis 4000 000 4,00 με MARPEDS. DS. contrast structure behavior displacement (MARPE 1. (1 400 00 4,0 40 0 4,

Abstract This study aimed to identify and characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria found in primary endodontic infections in the teeth of patients treated at the Dental Clinic of the University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. From September to December 2019, samples were obtained from 21 patients with primary endodontic infections. The collections were carried out in triplicate using paper cones placed close to the total length of the root canal. Bacterial isolation was performed in Brain Heart Infusion agar, Blood agar, and other selective culture media cultured at 37°C for up to 48 h under aerobiosis and microaerophilic conditions. The bacterial species were identified using the Vitek 2 automated system. The disk diffusion method on agar Müeller–Hinton was used to assess antimicrobial susceptibility with the recommended antimicrobials for each identified bacterial species. A total of 49 antibiotics were evaluated. Fifteen of the 21 samples collected showed bacterial growth, and 17 bacterial isolates were found. There were 10 different bacterial species identified: Enterococcus faecalis (four isolates), Streptococcus mitis/oralis (three isolates), Streptococcus anginosus (three isolates) being the most common, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus alactolyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella variicola, and Providencia rettgeri (one isolate of each species). The analysis demonstrated significant susceptibility to most of the tested antibiotics. However, some Enterococcus isolates resisted the antibiotic’s erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. A Staphylococcus epidermidis isolate was characterized as multidrug-resistant. Five Streptococcus isolates were non-susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Preto Paulo Brazil 2019 canal 37C C 37 4 conditions system MüellerHinton Müeller Hinton evaluated growth 1 four isolates, , mitisoralis mitis oralis three common faecium constellatus alactolyticus cloacae variicola one . species) However antibiotic s erythromycin ciprofloxacin tetracycline multidrugresistant. multidrugresistant multidrug resistant. resistant multidrug-resistant nonsusceptible non susceptible 201 3 20

Abstract Acidic pH can modify the properties of repair cements. In this study, volumetric change and solubility of the ready-to-use bioceramic repair cement Bio-C Repair (BCR, Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) were evaluated after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.0) or butyric acid (pH 4.5). Solubility was determined by the difference in initial and final mass using polyethylene tubes measuring 4 mm high and 6.70 mm in internal diameter that were filled with BCR and immersed in 7.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid for 7 days. The volumetric change was established by using bovine dentin tubes measuring 4 mm long with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. The dentin tubes were filled with BCR at 37°C for 24 hours. Scanning was performed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT; SkyScan 1176, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) with a voxel size of 8.74 µm. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of PBS or butyric acid at and 37 °C for 7 days. After this period, a new micro-CT scan was performed. Bio-C Repair showed greater mass loss after immersion in butyric acid when compared with immersion in PBS (p<0.05). Bio-C Repair showed volumetric loss after immersion in butyric acid and increase in volume after immersion in PBS (p<0.05). The acidic pH influenced the solubility and dimensional stability of the Bio-C Repair bioceramic cement, promoting a higher percentage of solubility and decrease in volumetric values. cements study readytouse ready to use BioC Bio C BCR, (BCR Angelus Londrina PR Brazil phosphatebuffered phosphate buffered (PBS 7.0 70 0 4.5. 45 4.5 . 5 4.5) 670 6 6.7 75 7. days 15 1 1. 37C 2 hours microcomputed micro computed microCT CT (micro-CT 1176 Bruker Kontich Belgium 874 8 74 8.7 µm Then 3 period p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) values 4. 67 6. 117 87 8. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 11 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract This systematic review aimed to answer the focused question: “What are the benefits of subgingival periodontal therapy on blood hematological and biochemical index, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, quality of life, and periodontal pathogen counts in patients with obesity and periodontitis?”. A systematic literature search was performed in six databases: PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane and SCOPUS and other sources, and a manual search was conducted as well. Inclusion criteria were randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, and before-and-after studies on patients with obesity subjected to periodontal therapy. The results were synthesized qualitatively. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The certainty of evidence was evaluated following the GRADE approach. Three randomized controlled trials and 15 before-and-after studies were included. Randomized controlled trials were considered to have a low risk of bias, as compared to before-and-after studies assessed as having low, serious, and critical risks of bias. Non-surgical periodontal therapy plus azithromycin, chlorhexidine, and cetylpyridinium chloride reduced blood pressure and decreased serum levels of HbA1c, hsCRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Salivary resistin level also decreased in patients with obesity and periodontitis after therapy and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Before-and-after data suggest an improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, insulin resistance, C3, GCF levels of TNF-α, chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1, visfatin, 8-OHdG, and periodontal pathogen counts after therapy. question What index stress life periodontitis. . periodontitis?” databases PubMed Embase LILACS Science sources well nonrandomized non beforeandafter before qualitatively ROBINSI ROBINS I tools approach 1 included serious Nonsurgical Non surgical azithromycin HbA1c HbAc HbA c hsCRP IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β TNFα. TNFα TNF α. α TNF-α rinse Beforeandafter Before cholesterol LDL triglycerides resistance C3 C TNFα, α, chemerin vaspin omentin1, omentin1 omentin 1, omentin-1 visfatin 8OHdG, 8OHdG OHdG 8 OHdG, 8-OHdG periodontitis? omentin-

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children and associated factors considering different time variations. This is a time series study performed using data from three cross-sectional studies with pre-school children from southern Brazil in 2008, 2013 and 2019. This children group was born between the years of 2003 to 2018. Dental caries was evaluated by decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft index). Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial variables were also collected. Chi-square test for trends and a hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) analysis using multilevel Poisson regression model for testing the associations between predictor variables and dental caries experience were used. A total of 1,644 pre-school children participated in all surveys. There was a significant difference in caries experience considering all APC effects. The prevalence of dental caries was 25.0% in 2008, 16.3% in 2013, and 19.4% in 2019 (p < 0.01) and no statistical difference was observed. An age effect showed that older children were more likely to experience dental caries. Considering the cohort effect, there is a significant difference between the generations, mainly between 2003 and 2018. Household income, use of dental services, and parent’s perception of child oral health were associated with dental caries experience no matter the time variation. Despite recent declines in dental caries prevalence among preschool children, caries levels increased with age and social inequalities persisted through the years, indicating a need of reviewing the policies to reduce the burden of this oral disease. variations crosssectional cross sectional pre school 2008 201 200 2018 decayed dmft index. index . index) Demographic socioeconomic collected Chisquare Chi square ageperiodcohort period HAPC (HAPC used 1644 1 644 1,64 surveys effects 250 25 0 25.0 163 16 3 16.3 194 19 4 19.4 p 0.01 001 01 observed generations income services parents parent s variation disease 20 164 64 1,6 2 25. 16. 19. 0.0 00 6 1, 0.

Abstract Dental referrals to the Endodontics Specialty Clinic (ESC) are routine owing to the complexity of endodontic treatments. To obtain a better prognosis for treatment, students/dentists must perceive their technical limits. This study sought to investigate the referrals of patients to the ESC from different clinics of the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - SP, Brazil, and check: a) the demographic profile of patients and the most commonly affected tooth; b) the clinic with the largest number of referrals; c) the reasons for referrals; d) the complexity of the cases; e) and the difficulty in assessing the referred cases based on the classification provided by the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and Souza-Filho. The study sample consisted of patients’ electronic dental referral records from February 2015 to June 2019. A total of 1,707 patients were referred to the ESC during the study period, and 62.4% were female. Lower molars were the most frequently involved teeth (34.8%), and 60.7% of the cases were referred due to the presence of root curvature. The AAE classification showed prevalence of highly difficult cases (71.3%), whereas Souza-Filho classification demonstrated a high rate of class III cases (85.8%). This study highlights the difficulties encountered by undergraduate students before or during endodontic treatments, reinforcing the need for clear criteria for selecting cases appropriate for each education level, thus improving endodontic treatment prognosis. (ESC treatments studentsdentists dentists limits School SP Brazil check tooth b c d e (AAE SouzaFilho. SouzaFilho Souza Filho. Filho 201 2019 1707 1 707 1,70 period 624 62 4 62.4 female 34.8%, 348 34.8% , 34 8 (34.8%) 607 60 7 60.7 curvature 71.3%, 713 71.3% 71 3 (71.3%) 85.8%. 858 85.8% . 85 (85.8%) level 20 170 70 1,7 6 62. 34.8 (34.8% 60. 71.3 (71.3% 85.8 (85.8% 2 17 1, 34. (34.8 71. (71.3 85. (85.8 (34. (71. (85. (34 (71 (85 (3 (7 (8 (

Abstract Resin composites containing surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) have been introduced to reduce demineralization and improve remineralization of the tooth structure. However, water diffusion within the material is necessary for its action, which can impair its overall physicomechanical properties over time, including color stability. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability and related degree of conversion (DC) of four resin composites. Discs (6 x 4 mm, n = 5/group) of microhybrid (MH), nanofilled (NF), nanohybrid (NH), and S-PRG-based nanohybrid (S-PRG-NH) composites with two opacities (A2/A2E and A2O/A2D) were prepared. Color (CIELab and CIEDE2000) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer after aging in grape juice (2 x 10 min/10mL/7days). The DC was analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy before and after light-curing. Data were statistically analyzed by using two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc least significant difference tests (p<0.05). In the color stability analysis, the interaction between filler type and opacity was significant (CIELab, p = 0.0015; CIEDE2000, p = 0.0026). NH presented the highest color stability, which did not differ from that of MH. The greatest color alteration was observed for S-PRG-NH. S-PRG fillers also influenced DC (p < 0.05). The nanohybrid resin composite presented favorable overall performance, which is likely related to its more stable organic content. Notwithstanding the benefits of using S-PRG-based nanohybrid resins, mostly in aesthetic procedures, professionals should consider the susceptibility of such resins to color alteration, probably due to the water-based bioactive mechanism of action. prereacted pre reacted SPRG S PRG (S-PRG structure However action time (DC 6 ( mm 5/group 5group group 5 MH, MH , (MH) NF, NF (NF) NH, (NH) SPRGbased based SPRGNH (S-PRG-NH A2/A2E A2A2E AAE A2 A2E A E A2O/A2D A2OA2D AOAD A2O A2D O D prepared CIELab CIEDE2000 CIEDE 2 1 min/10mL/7days. min10mL7days minmLdays min/10mL/7days . min 10mL 7days mL days min/10mL/7days) lightcuring. lightcuring light curing. curing light-curing twoway way posthoc post hoc p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) CIELab, 0.0015 00015 0015 0.0026. 00026 0.0026 0026 0.0026) SPRGNH. NH. S-PRG-NH 0.05. 005 0.05 0.05) performance content procedures waterbased (MH (NF (NH AE OA AO AD CIEDE200 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 0.001 0001 001 0002 0.002 002 00 0.0 CIEDE20 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 0.00 000 0. CIEDE2 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p<

Abstract This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms and the objective was to compare the survival of resin modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) restorations in primary teeth using rubber dam or cotton roll isolation after a 30-month follow-up period. Ninety-two children (mean age 6.8 ± 1.37) and 200 primary molars with occlusal or occluso-proximal cavitated dentin caries lesions were randomly assigned into two groups: cotton rolls and rubber dam. All lesions were restored using RMGIC (RIVA Light Cure) after selective caries removal. Restorative failure and lesion arrestment were evaluated by two independent, trained, and calibrated examiners through clinical and radiographic examinations. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to assess the survival of restorations and Cox regression was used to assess the association of risk factors with restorative failure. There was no significant difference in survival rates between groups (p = 0.17). Older age (HR = 2.81 [95%CI: 1.47–5.44]) and higher rate of gingival bleeding (HR = 0.47 [95%CI: 0.23–0.99]) were associated with restorative failure. No patient had painful symptoms, pulp outcomes, or radiographic changes compatible with lesion progression. The use of rubber dam isolation did not increase the survival rate of occlusal and occluso-proximal restorations using RMGIC in primary molars after 30 months of follow-up. Since the survival is not influenced by the type of isolation, the professional can safely choose the appropriate technique for each case, considering his experience and preferences, as well as those of the patient. (RMGIC 30month month followup follow up period Ninetytwo Ninety mean 68 6 8 6. 1.37 137 1 37 20 occlusoproximal occluso proximal RIVA Cure removal independent trained examinations KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier p 0.17. 017 0.17 . 0 17 0.17) HR 281 2 81 2.8 95%CI 95CI CI 95 [95%CI 1.47–5.44 147544 47 5 44 1.47–5.44] 047 0.4 0.23–0.99 023099 23 99 0.23–0.99] symptoms outcomes progression 3 followup. up. case preferences 1.3 13 01 0.1 28 2. 9 1.47–5.4 14754 4 04 0. 0.23–0.9 02309 1. 1.47–5. 1475 0.23–0. 0230 1.47–5 147 0.23–0 023 1.47– 14 0.23– 02 1.47 0.23 1.4 0.2

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria. blue ckit, ckit c kit, kit c-kit (OLP amalgam selected analyzed antickit anti antitryptase reagents blue+ ckit+ kit+ p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) area Area 0.047. 0047 0.047 047 0.047) 0943 943 0.94 0886 886 0.886 respectively. respectively respectively) however propria 00 0.0 004 0.04 04 094 94 0.9 088 88 0.88 0. 09 9 08 8 0.8

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal shaping effect of ProTaper Gold (PTG) versus ProTaper Next (PTN) instrumentation systems, and of a manual #15 K-type file (K15) versus the ProGlider (PG) mechanized instrument for glide path creation, in severely curved mesial canals. Twenty-four mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals were anatomically matched using computed tomographic scanning, and then divided into two groups (n=12) according to the glide path instrument used, either K15 or PG. In all teeth, the PTG system was used to prepare the mesiobuccal canal, and the PTN, the mesiolingual canal. The teeth were scanned by computed microtomography, before and after root canal preparation, and the values of the initial volume, final volume, volumetric variation, untouched walls, and canal transportation variables were determined. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test, and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons. There was no significant difference among the study groups regarding volumetric variation or root canal transportation, either in the cervical, middle or apical thirds, or in the entire root canal (p>0.05). In the apical third, the percentage of untouched walls was significantly higher in groups using K15 than in those using PG (p<0.05), namely 33.144% and 23.285%, respectively, irrespective of the instrumentation system. In the other regions, there was no difference between K15 and PG regarding this variable. It was concluded that PG was associated with a lower rate of untouched walls in the apical region than K15. (PTG PTN (PTN systems 15 #1 Ktype K type (K15 (PG creation Twentyfour Twenty four scanning n=12 n12 n 12 (n=12 K1 microtomography preparation volume determined twoway way comparisons cervical thirds p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 0 05 (p>0.05) third p<0.05, p<0.05 , (p<0.05) 33144 33 144 33.144 23285 23 285 23.285% respectively regions variable 1 # (K1 n=1 n1 (n=1 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.05 3314 3 14 33.14 2328 2 28 23.285 (K n= (n= p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 331 33.1 232 23.28 (n p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. 33. 23.2 p> (p>0 p< (p<0 23. (p> (p< (p

Abstract This study aimed to develop and validate a self-administered questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese to verify the level of knowledge of orthodontists in the care of pregnant, lactating, and postmenopausal women, named “Considerations on Orthodontic Treatment during Pregnancy, Lactation, and Postmenopausal Periods.” The development and validation of the questionnaire consisted of the following steps: a) item generation; b) item reduction; c) questionnaire design; and d) validity and reliability tests in a cross-sectional study with 258 orthodontists working in the field from different Brazilian states. A total of 60 orthodontists participated in test-retest over a mean period of 45 days. The preliminary questionnaire consisted of a total of 60 questions. After item reduction, 40 questions were selected for the final version of the questionnaire, with eight questions about pregnant women; six about lactating women; 18 about postmenopausal women, and eight about general knowledge in dentistry. Each item had three response options in the Likert scale format. Face and content validity analysis, reliability assessment through internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega), and test-retest reliability through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were performed. Face and content validity indicated that the questionnaire was considered valid, objective, and easily understandable. The questionnaire had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77; McDonald’s omega = 0.78) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.71; Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.51). The questionnaire was considered valid and reliable to assess the level of knowledge of orthodontists in the care of pregnant, lactating, and postmenopausal women. selfadministered self administered women Considerations Pregnancy Lactation Periods. Periods steps generation b reduction c design d crosssectional cross sectional 25 states 6 testretest test retest 4 days 1 dentistry format analysis Cronbachs Cronbach s McDonalds McDonald omega, , omega) ICC Spearmans Spearman performed objective understandable 0.77 077 0 77 0.78 078 78 0.71 071 71 0.51. 051 0.51 . 51 0.51) 2 0.7 07 7 05 0.5 5 0.

Abstract This observational study aimed to describe and analyze data from two external evaluations of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ CEO), held in 2014 and 2018 in Brazil, which evaluated Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) using a national and census approach. We selected questions through a search in the microdata of the first and second evaluations. The groups were analyzed independently. To compare the groups, nonparametric tests were performed (Mann Whitney U). The formulated hypotheses were: there would be no differences between the data of these groups (h0) and there would be differences between the data of these groups (h1). For qualitative nominal variables, frequency distribution was verified and association tests were performed (chi-square test). The significance level for this study was set at 5%. We observed that orthodontic treatments were found in about 13% of the CEO. Regarding human resources, most professionals were specialists or had MSc or PhD degrees; were civil servants; had been hired by direct administration; or had been hired via public tender. Regarding the work process and inclusion of the CEO in the health care network, we observed a greater number of services that use single and electronic medical records, greater presence of services monitoring and analyzing goals, greater knowledge about monthly average of absenteeism (for 2018); and larger number of services with referrals from primary health care centers (for 2014). Expanding the view on orthodontics and including preventive, interceptive, and corrective treatments at different points in health care networks are essential strategies for achieving comprehensive care in universal health systems. PMAQ CEO, , CEO) 201 Brazil (CEO approach independently Mann U. U . U) h0 h (h0 h1. h1 (h1) variables chisquare chi square test. test test) 5 5% 13 resources degrees servants administration tender network records goals 2018) 2014. 2014) preventive interceptive systems 20 (h (h1 1 2

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adding quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) to experimental adhesives by assessing the degree of conversion (DC), cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. Two QAMs were added to an experimental adhesive: dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromododecane (DMADDM) or dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate bromohexadecane (DMAHDM) at three concentrations each: 1, 2.5, and 5 wt.%. Experimental adhesive without QAMs (control group) and commercially available Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) were used for comparisons. The adhesives were tested for DC, cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity against biofilm formation. DC, cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, and antibacterial activity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons. Cytotoxicity against keratinocytes was evaluated using the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc (α = 5%) tests. Transbond showed lower DC as compared to 5% DMAHDM, 1% DMADDM, and 5% DMADDM (p < 0.05). However, all groups presented proper DC when compared to commercial adhesives in the literature. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity against keratinocytes, Transbond induced higher viability than 2.5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). Against fibroblasts, Transbond induced higher viability as compared to 5 wt.% groups (p < 0.05). DMAHDM at 5 wt.% reduced biofilm formation when compared to all the other groups (p < 0.05). Despite their cytotoxic effect against keratinocytes, gingival fibroblasts showed higher viability. DMAHDM at 5 wt.% decreased Streptococcus mutans viability. The incorporation of DMAHDM at 5 wt.% may be a strategy for reducing the development of white spot lesions. (QAMs , (DC) (DMADDM (DMAHDM each 1 25 2 wt control group 3M M Unitek Monrovia California USA comparisons oneway one way Tukeys Tukey s Dunns Dunn posthoc post hoc α tests p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) However literature 2. wt. lesions (DC 00 0.0 0.

Abstract In the modern world, cancer is a growing cause of mortality, but archeological studies have shown that it is not exclusive to modern populations. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiologic, social, and clinicopathologic features of head and neck cancers in ancient populations. To do this, we extracted all records that described malignant lesions in the head and neck region available in the Cancer Research in Ancient Bodies Database (CRAB). The estimated age, sex, physical condition of the remains (skeletonized, mummified), anatomic location of tumors, geographic location, chronology, tumor type, and methods of tumor diagnosis were collected. One hundred and sixty-seven cases were found, mostly originating from Europe (51.5%). Most records were of adults between 35 and 49 years of age (37.7%). The most involved site was the skullcap (60.4%), and the most common malignancies were metastases to the bone (65.3%) and multiple myeloma (17.4%). No primary soft tissue malignancies were registered. The results of our study indicate that head and neck cancers were present in ancient civilizations, at least since 500,000 BCE. The available data can help to improve the current understanding of the global distribution of head and neck cancer and its multidimensional impacts on populations in the contemporary world. world mortality epidemiologic social CRAB. CRAB . (CRAB) sex skeletonized, skeletonized (skeletonized mummified, mummified , mummified) tumors chronology type collected sixtyseven sixty seven found 51.5%. 515 51.5% 51 5 (51.5%) 3 4 37.7%. 377 37.7% 37 7 (37.7%) 60.4%, 604 60.4% 60 (60.4%) 65.3% 653 65 (65.3% 17.4%. 174 17.4% 17 (17.4%) registered civilizations 500000 500 000 500,00 BCE (CRAB 51.5 (51.5% 37.7 (37.7% 60.4 6 (60.4% 65.3 (65.3 17.4 1 (17.4% 50000 50 00 500,0 51. (51.5 37. (37.7 60. (60.4 65. (65. 17. (17.4 5000 0 500, (51. (37. (60. (65 (17. (51 (37 (60 (6 (17 (5 (3 ( (1