Objective: To adapt the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) for the Brazilian context and present evidence of validity based on its internal structure. Methods: A total of 2,682 Brazilian adults from different regions of the country took part in this study. Confirmatory factor analyses and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) were performed to assess the factor structure of the MWQ. McDonald’s omega (ω) was generated to provide reliability indexes. Results: The analyses demonstrated an adequate factor structure for the MWQ adapted to the Brazilian context, corroborating the original article’s single-factor model and other adaptation studies. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the instrument’s reliability in a Brazilian population (ω = 0.88). Conclusion: The MWQ is thus an adequate, reliable, and quickly administered instrument for those whose aim is to measure deliberate and spontaneous MW in Brazil. Objective MindWandering Mind Wandering (MWQ Methods 2682 2 682 2,68 study MGCFA (MGCFA McDonalds McDonald s ω indexes Results articles article singlefactor single studies Furthermore instruments 0.88. 088 0.88 . 0 88 0.88) Conclusion reliable Brazil 268 68 2,6 08 0.8 8 26 6 2, 0.

Objectives: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and postmortem studies has demonstrated white-matter (WM) deficits in bipolar disorder (BD). Changes in peripheral blood biomarkers have also been observed; however, studies evaluating the potential relationship between brain alterations and the periphery are scarce. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the relationship between blood-based biomarkers and WM in BD. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO were used to conduct literature searches. Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies reporting original data which investigated both a blood-based biomarker and WM (by neuroimaging) in BD were included. Results: Of 3,750 studies retrieved, 23 were included. Several classes of biomarkers were found to have a significant relationship with WM in BD. These included cytokines and growth factors (interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 [IGFBP-3]), innate immune system (natural killer cells [NK]), metabolic markers (lipid hydroperoxidase, cholesterol, triglycerides), the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, kynurenic acid [Kyna]), and various gene polymorphisms (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region). Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that blood-based biomarkers are associated with markers of WM deficits observed in BD. Longitudinal studies investigating the potential clinical utility of these specific biomarkers are encouraged. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021279246. Objectives DTI (DTI whitematter white matter (WM . (BD) however scarce bloodbased based Methods PubMed Embase searches Crosssectional Cross sectional by neuroimaging Results 3750 750 3,75 retrieved 2 interleukin8 interleukin 8 (interleukin- IL8, IL8 IL , [IL-8] TNFα, TNFα TNF α [TNF-α] insulinlike insulin like IGFBP3, IGFBP3 IGFBP [IGFBP-3]) natural NK, NK [NK]) lipid hydroperoxidase cholesterol triglycerides, triglycerides triglycerides) Kyn (Kyn 5hydroxyindoleacetic hydroxyindoleacetic 5 Kyna, Kyna [Kyna]) serotonintransporterlinked serotonin transporter linked region. region region) Conclusion encouraged registration CRD42021279246 CRD (BD 375 75 3,7 (interleukin [IL-8 [TNF-α [IGFBP-3] [NK] [Kyna] CRD4202127924 37 7 3, [IL- [IGFBP-3 [NK [Kyna CRD420212792 [IL [IGFBP- CRD42021279 [IGFBP CRD4202127 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Objective: To investigate whether having a higher number of depressive symptoms is associated with negative self-rated health (SRH) even in the absence of illness. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, using a national sample of 9,412 people aged 50 or over. SRH was dichotomized into poor or very poor and very good or excellent, good, or average. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Sociodemographic variables, information about unhealthy behaviors, and the number of chronic conditions were also analyzed. Results: Having depressive symptoms was strongly associated with poor or very poor SRH both in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The magnitude of the association was reduced when the number of chronic illnesses was included in the multivariate analysis, along with the other sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.31-1.39). Conclusion: Having depressive symptoms may contribute towards having a poorer perception of health, even in the absence of health conditions. SRH is a multidimensional construct that can accurately reflect a person’s state of general mental health. Objective selfrated self rated (SRH illness Methods ELSIBrazil, ELSIBrazil ELSI Brazil , (ELSI-Brazil) 20152016, 20152016 2015 2016, 2016 2015-2016 9412 9 412 9,41 5 over excellent average eightitem eight item CESD8. CESD8 CESD CES D8 . D (CES-D8) analyzed Results analyses OR 135 1 35 1.35 95CI CI 95 1.311.39. 131139 1.31 1.39 31 39 1.31-1.39) Conclusion persons person s (ELSI-Brazil 2015201 201 2015-201 941 41 9,4 (CES-D8 13 3 1.3 311 1.311.39 13113 131 139 1.31-1.39 201520 20 2015-20 94 4 9, (CES-D 1. 1.311.3 1311 1.31-1.3 20152 2 2015-2 1.311. 1.31-1. 2015- 1.311 1.31-1 1.31-

Objective: The advancement of neuroimaging and genetic research has revealed the presence of morphological abnormalities and numerous risk genes, along with their associations. We aimed to estimate magnetic resonance imaging-derived cortical thickness across multiple brain regions. Methods: The cortical thickness of 129 schizophrenia patients, 42 of their unaffected siblings, and 112 healthy controls was measured and the candidate genes were sequenced. Comparisons were made of cortical thickness (including 68 regions of the Desikan-Killiany Atlas) and genetic variants (in 108 risk genes for schizophrenia) among the three groups, and correlation analyses were performed regarding cortical thickness, clinical symptoms, cognitive tests (such as the N-back task and the logical memory test), and genetic variants. Results: Schizophrenia patients had significantly thinner bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal gyri than healthy controls and unaffected siblings. Association analyses in target genes showed that four single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were significantly associated with schizophrenia, including thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2-catenin, cadherin-associated protein, delta 1 (SNV20673) (positive false discovery rate [PFDR] = 0.008) and centromere protein M (rs35542507, rs41277477, rs73165153) (PFDR = 0.030). Additionally, cortical thickness in the right pars triangularis was lower in carriers of the SNV20673 variant than in non-carriers (PFDR = 0.048). Finally, a positive correlation was found between right pars triangularis cortical thickness and logical memory in schizophrenia patients (r = 0.199, p = 0.032). Conclusions: This study identified regional morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia, including the right homologue of Broca’s area, which was associated with a risk variant that affected delta-1 catenin and logical memory. These findings suggest a potential association between candidate gene loci, cortical thickness, and schizophrenia. Objective associations imagingderived imaging derived Methods 12 4 siblings 11 sequenced 6 DesikanKilliany Desikan Killiany Atlas 10 groups symptoms such Nback N back test, test , test) Results frontal temporal SNVs (SNVs thioredoxinrelated thioredoxin related 2catenin, 2catenin 2 catenin, 2-catenin cadherinassociated cadherin SNV (SNV20673 PFDR [PFDR 0.008 0008 0 008 rs35542507, rs35542507 rs (rs35542507 rs41277477 rs73165153 0.030. 0030 0.030 . 030 0.030) Additionally SNV2067 noncarriers non 0.048. 0048 0.048 048 0.048) Finally r 0199 199 0.199 0.032. 0032 0.032 032 0.032) Conclusions Brocas Broca s area delta1 delta- loci (SNV2067 0.00 000 00 rs3554250 (rs3554250 rs4127747 rs7316515 003 0.03 03 SNV206 004 0.04 04 019 19 0.19 (SNV206 0.0 rs355425 (rs355425 rs412774 rs731651 SNV20 01 0.1 (SNV20 0. rs35542 (rs35542 rs41277 rs73165 SNV2 (SNV2 rs3554 (rs3554 rs4127 rs7316 (SNV rs355 (rs355 rs412 rs731 rs35 (rs35 rs41 rs73 rs3 (rs3 rs4 rs7 (rs

Objective: Evidence on the relationship between depression and clinical dimensions of schizophrenia remains limited. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between depression and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) dimensions in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods: Trained assessors administered the PANSS to measure symptoms of schizophrenia and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia to measure depression. The association of depression with overall PANSS score and related dimensions was investigated in multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: We included 231 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (mean age: 42.4 (SD: 12.9) years; men: 58.9%; mean overall PANSS score: 82.5 (SD: 20.1); drug-free or naïve: 39.3%), including 78 (33.8%) with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Depression was associated with higher overall (regression coefficient, SE: 0.029, 0.008; p < 0.001) and general psychopathology (regression coefficient, SE: 0.118, 0.023; p < 0.001) PANSS scores. We found an inverse relationship between depression and positive symptoms (regression coefficient, SE: -0.088, 0.028; p = 0.002). No association between depression and negative symptoms was found. Conclusion: Despite some limitations, our study shows that people affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders with depression are likely to show more overall and general psychopathology symptoms but lower positive symptoms. Additional studies are needed to explore the generalizability of our findings. Objective limited crosssectional cross sectional (PANSS Methods analyses Results 23 age 424 42 4 42. SD (SD 12.9 129 12 9 years men 58.9% 589 58 825 82 5 82. 20.1 201 20 1 20.1) drugfree drug free naïve 39.3%, 393 39.3% , 39 3 39.3%) 7 33.8% 338 33 8 (33.8% coefficient SE 0029 0 029 0.029 0.008 0008 008 0.001 0001 001 0118 118 0.118 0.023 0023 023 scores 0.088, 0088 088 -0.088 0.028 0028 028 0.002. 0002 0.002 . 002 0.002) Conclusion limitations findings 2 12. 58.9 20. 39.3 33.8 (33.8 02 0.02 0.00 000 00 011 11 0.11 0.088 08 -0.08 58. 39. 33. (33. 0.0 01 0.1 0.08 -0.0 (33 0. -0. (3 -0 ( -

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of antidepressant use in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO up to May 2023. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. We pooled the prevalence of antidepressant use using meta-analyses of proportions (Freeman-Tukey transformation) and estimated heterogeneity by the I2 statistic. OR meta-analyses of antidepressant use by sex were calculated (men as reference) and between-study variation was explored by meta-regressions. Results: Out of 3,299 records retrieved, 23 studies published in 28 reports were included, with a total of 75,061 participants. The overall prevalence of antidepressant use was 4.0% (95%CI 2.7-5.6%; I2 = 98.5%). Use of antidepressants in the previous 3 days was higher in women (12.0%; 95%CI 9.5-15.1%; I2 = 0%) than men (4.6%; 95%CI 3.1-6.8%; I2 = 0%) (p < 0.001; OR = 2.82; 95%CI 1.72-4.62). Gender differences were particularly higher for antidepressant use in the previous year (women: 2.3%; 95%CI 1.6-3.1; I2 = 37.6% vs. men: 0.5%; 95%CI 0.2-1.0%; I2 = 0%, p < 0.001; OR = 4.18; 95%CI 2.10-8.30). Between-study variation in the overall prevalence of antidepressant use significantly increased with mean participant age (p = 0.035; residual I2 = 0%; regression coefficient = 0.003). Conclusion: Four out of every 100 Brazilians used antidepressants in this 3-decade assessment. Use increased with age and was more prevalent in women compared to men. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42022345332. Objectives Brazil Methods MEDLINE Embase Scopus LILACS 2023 data quality metaanalyses meta analyses FreemanTukey Freeman Tukey transformation I statistic reference betweenstudy between study metaregressions. metaregressions regressions. regressions meta-regressions Results 3299 299 3,29 retrieved 2 included 75061 75 061 75,06 participants 40 4 0 4.0 95CI CI 95 2.75.6% 2756 2.7 5.6% 7 5 6 2.7-5.6% 98.5%. 985 98.5% . 98 98.5%) 12.0% 120 12 (12.0% 9.515.1% 95151 9.5 15.1% 9 15 1 9.5-15.1% 0% 4.6% 46 (4.6% 3.16.8% 3168 3.1 6.8% 8 3.1-6.8% 0.001 0001 001 2.82 282 82 1.724.62. 172462 1.72 4.62 72 62 1.72-4.62) (women 2.3% 1.63.1 1631 1.6 1.6-3.1 376 37 37.6 vs 0.5% 05 0.21.0% 0210 0.2 1.0% 0.2-1.0% 4.18 418 18 2.108.30. 210830 2.10 8.30 10 30 2.10-8.30) Betweenstudy Between 0.035 0035 035 0.003. 0003 0.003 003 0.003) Conclusion 3decade decade assessment number CRD42022345332 CRD 202 329 29 3,2 7506 06 75,0 4. 2.75.6 275 27 2. 56 5.6 2.7-5.6 98.5 12.0 (12.0 515 9.515.1 9515 9. 151 15.1 9.5-15.1 4.6 (4.6 16 3.16.8 316 31 3. 68 6.8 3.1-6.8 0.00 000 00 2.8 724 1.724.62 17246 172 1.7 462 1.72-4.62 2.3 63 1.63. 163 1. 1.6-3. 37. 0.5 21 0.21.0 021 02 0. 1.0 0.2-1.0 4.1 41 108 2.108.30 21083 210 2.1 830 8.3 2.10-8.30 0.03 03 CRD4202234533 20 32 3, 750 75, 2.75. 5. 2.7-5. 98. 12. (12. 51 9.515. 951 15. 9.5-15. (4. 3.16. 6. 3.1-6. 0.0 1.724.6 1724 17 1.72-4.6 1.63 1.6-3 0.21. 0.2-1. 2.108.3 2108 83 8. 2.10-8.3 CRD420223453 2.75 2.7-5 (12 9.515 9.5-15 (4 3.16 3.1-6 1.724. 1.72-4. 1.6- 0.21 0.2-1 2.108. 2.10-8. CRD42022345 2.7- (1 9.51 9.5-1 ( 3.1- 1.724 1.72-4 0.2- 2.108 2.10-8 CRD4202234 9.5- 1.72- 2.10- CRD420223 CRD42022 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Objective: To ascertain whether sociodemographic and health-related characteristics known from previous research to have a substantive impact on recovery from depression modified the effect of a digital intervention designed to improve depressive symptoms (CONEMO). Methods: The CONEMO study consisted of two randomized controlled trials, one conducted in Lima, Peru, and one in São Paulo, Brazil. As a secondary trial plan analysis, mixed logistic regression was used to explore interactions between the treatment arm and subgroups of interest defined by characteristics measured before randomization – suicidal ideation, race/color, age, gender, income, type of mobile phone, alcohol misuse, tobacco use, and diabetes/hypertension – in both trials. We estimated interaction effects between the treatment group and these subgroup factors for the secondary outcomes using linear mixed regression models. Results: Increased effects of the CONEMO intervention on the primary outcome (reduction of at least 50% in depressive symptom scores at 3-month follow-up) were observed among older and wealthier participants in the Lima trial (p = 0.030 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There was no evidence of such differential effects in São Paulo, and no evidence of impact of any other secondary outcomes in either trial. Clinical trial registration: NCT02846662 (São Paulo, Brazil – SP), NCT03026426 (Lima, Peru – LI). Funded by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (grant U19MH098780). Objective healthrelated health related CONEMO. . (CONEMO) Methods trials Paulo analysis ideation racecolor race color race/color age gender income phone misuse use diabeteshypertension diabetes hypertension models Results reduction 50 3month month 3 followup follow up follow-up 0030 0 030 0.03 0001 001 0.001 respectively. respectively respectively) Conclusion registration NCT NCT0284666 SP, SP , SP) NCT0302642 (Lima LI. LI LI) US U S U.S grant U19MH098780. U19MH098780 UMH MH U19MH098780) (CONEMO 5 003 03 0.0 000 00 0.00 NCT028466 NCT030264 U19MH09878 0. NCT02846 NCT03026 U19MH0987 NCT0284 NCT0302 U19MH098 NCT028 NCT030 U19MH09 NCT02 NCT03 U19MH0 NCT0 U19MH

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), comorbidity rates with disruptive behavior disorders and main negative outcomes in primary school students in Nampula, Mozambique. Methods: We selected a random sample of 748 students for ADHD screening from a population of around 43,000 primary school students. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale version IV was applied to both parents and teachers. All students who screened positive (n=76) and a propensity score-matched random subset of students who screened negative (n=76) were assessed by a child psychiatrist. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was estimated at 13.4% (95%CI 11.5-19.2), and 30.6% of those with ADHD presented comorbid disruptive behavior disorders. Students with ADHD (n=36) had significantly higher rates of both substance use (alcohol, marijuana) (p < 0.001), and school failures than controls (n=96; p < 0.001). Comorbidity between ADHD and disruptive behavior disorders increased the chance of substance use (p < 0.001). Secondary analyses with more restrictive ADHD diagnostic criteria revealed a lower prevalence rate (6.7%; 95%CI 5.2-12.9) with similar patterns of associated factors and negative outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that ADHD is a prevalent mental disorder in Mozambique, and it is associated with similar comorbid profiles, predisposing factors, and negative outcomes, as in other cultures. Objective attentiondeficit/hyperactivity attentiondeficithyperactivity attention deficit/hyperactivity deficit hyperactivity ADHD, , (ADHD) Nampula Mozambique Methods 74 43000 43 000 43,00 Swanson Nolan teachers n=76 n76 n 76 (n=76 scorematched score matched psychiatrist Results 134 13 4 13.4 95CI CI 95 11.519.2, 115192 11.5 19.2 11 5 19 2 11.5-19.2) 306 30 6 30.6 n=36 n36 36 (n=36 alcohol, alcohol (alcohol marijuana 0.001, 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) n=96 n96 96 (n=96 0.001. . 6.7% 67 7 (6.7% 5.212.9 52129 5.2 12.9 12 9 5.2-12.9 Conclusion profiles cultures attentiondeficit deficithyperactivity (ADHD 4300 00 43,0 n=7 n7 (n=7 1 13. 519 11.519.2 11519 115 11. 192 19. 11.5-19.2 3 30. n=3 n3 (n=3 0.00 n=9 n9 (n=9 6.7 (6.7 212 5.212. 5212 52 5. 129 12. 5.2-12. 430 43, n= (n= 51 11.519. 1151 11.5-19. 0.0 6. (6. 21 5.212 521 5.2-12 (n 11.519 11.5-19 0. (6 5.21 5.2-1 11.51 11.5-1 ( 5.2- 11.5-

Objectives: To study the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the routine of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and changes in symptoms and suicidal-related behavior, mainly in those with cleaning symptoms. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 58 patients completed an online self-report questionnaire that included the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Coronavirus Stress and Traumatic Events Scale, Coronavirus Health Impact Survey, Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression inventories, and Suicide-Related Behaviors Questionnaire. Comparisons were made with another pre-pandemic sample (n=524) regarding the last three measures. Results: During the pandemic, the patients spent more days inside their homes (χ2 = 33.39, p = 0.007), changed their alcohol consumption patterns (χ2 = 87.6, p < 0.001), and increased social media usage (χ2 = 68.83, p < 0.001). Participants with cleaning symptoms did not significantly differ from the others in relation to stress, anxiety/depressive symptoms, or suicidal-related behaviors. Finally, our sample did not differ from an equivalent OCD sample assessed before the pandemic in terms of anxiety and depressive symptom severity or suicidal-related behaviors. Conclusion: Overall, patients with OCD showed no lifestyle changes associated with higher stress levels during the pandemic. Patients with and without cleaning symptoms and patients before and during the pandemic presented similar results. Objectives 201 obsessivecompulsive obsessive compulsive (OCD suicidalrelated suicidal related behavior Methods crosssectional cross sectional 5 selfreport self report ObsessiveCompulsive Obsessive Compulsive InventoryRevised, InventoryRevised Inventory Revised, Revised Inventory-Revised Scale Survey inventories SuicideRelated Suicide Related Questionnaire prepandemic pre n=524 n524 n 524 (n=524 measures Results χ2 χ (χ 3339 33 39 33.39 0.007, 0007 0.007 , 0 007 0.007) 876 87 6 87.6 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 6883 68 83 68.83 0.001. . anxietydepressive behaviors Finally Conclusion Overall results 20 n=52 n52 52 (n=52 333 3 33.3 000 0.00 00 8 87. 688 68.8 2 n=5 n5 (n=5 33. 0.0 68. n= (n= 0. (n

Objective: To evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian version of the Suicide Crisis Inventory-2 (SCI-2) among Brazilian adults. Methods: The SCI-2 was cross-culturally adapted into Portuguese and administered to 2,265 Brazilian participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity by using measures such as suicidal narratives, stressful life events, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Results: The revised one-factor model of the SCI-2 demonstrated an adequate, although not optimal, model fit (χ2[1539] = 31,442.79, p < 0.001, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.09, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = 0.05). The revised five-factor model, on the other hand, demonstrated good fit (χ2[1529] = 14,174.86, p < 0.001, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04). Comparison of these two models indicated that the five-factor model had a better fit than the one-factor model. Both the total and subscale scores of the SCI-2 showed strong internal consistency and good convergent and criterion validity in relation to stressful life events, suicidal narratives (excluding the goal disengagement subscale), suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Brazilian version of the SCI-2 is a valid tool for assessing symptoms of suicidal crisis syndrome. Objective structure reliability Inventory2 Inventory 2 Inventory- SCI2 SCI (SCI-2 adults Methods SCI- crossculturally cross culturally 2265 265 2,26 participants CFA (CFA events ideation attempts Results onefactor one adequate optimal χ21539 χ χ2 1539 (χ2[1539 3144279 31 442 79 31,442.79 0001 0 001 0.001 [CFI 099 99 0.99 TuckerLewis Tucker Lewis [TLI [RMSEA 009 09 0.09 [SRMR 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) fivefactor five hand χ21529 1529 (χ2[1529 1417486 14 174 86 14,174.86 100 1 00 1.00 006 06 0.06 0.04. 004 0.04 04 0.04) excluding subscale, , subscale) Conclusion syndrome (SCI- 226 26 2,2 χ2153 153 (χ2[153 314427 3 44 7 31,442.7 000 0.00 9 0.9 0.0 χ2152 152 (χ2[152 141748 17 8 14,174.8 10 1.0 (SCI 22 2, χ215 15 (χ2[15 31442 4 31,442. 0. 14174 14,174. 1. χ21 (χ2[1 3144 31,442 1417 14,174 (χ2[ 314 31,44 141 14,17 (χ2 31,4 14,1 (χ 31, 14,

Objective: To test the efficacy of a dissonance-based (DB) intervention in targeting risk factors for eating disorders (EDs) and predisposing factors for muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms in body-dissatisfied Brazilian men over 1 year of follow-up and evaluate whether reductions in body-ideal internalization would mediate the intervention’s impact on ED and MD symptoms. Methods: Participants were randomized to a two-session DB intervention (n=89) or assessment-only control (AOC) (n=91), and completed validated measures assessing body-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, ED, and MD symptoms at baseline, post-intervention, 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups. Results: The DB condition showed significantly greater reductions in MD symptoms and body dissatisfaction compared with the AOC group over a 1-year follow-up, while significant differences were not observed for body-ideal internalization and ED symptoms. Changes in body-ideal internalization from baseline to 1-month follow-up completely mediated the relationship between condition and the changes observed in both ED and MD symptoms. Conclusion: These results provide further evidence of the efficacy of the tested intervention through 1-year follow-up in reducing body dissatisfaction and MD symptoms, but no such result was observed for body-ideal internalization and EDs. Our findings provide support for theoretical models of eating pathology and MD symptoms in Brazilian men. Clinical Trial Registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): RBR-27dc264. Objective dissonancebased dissonance based (DB EDs (EDs (MD bodydissatisfied dissatisfied followup follow up bodyideal ideal interventions s Methods twosession two session n=89 n89 n 89 (n=89 assessmentonly assessment only (AOC n=91, n91 n=91 , 91 (n=91) postintervention, postintervention post intervention, post-intervention 1month, 1month month month, 6month, 6month 6 6-month 1year followups. followups ups. ups follow-ups Results followup, up, Conclusion Registration ReBEC (ReBEC) RBR27dc264. RBR27dc264 RBRdc RBR 27dc264. 27dc264 dc RBR-27dc264 n=8 n8 8 (n=8 n9 n=9 9 (n=91 (ReBEC RBR27dc26 27dc26 RBR-27dc26 n= (n= (n=9 RBR27dc2 27dc2 RBR-27dc2 (n RBR27dc 27dc RBR-27dc