Abstract This paper presents a geological study of the subvolcanic bodies present in the Pico dos Três Estados (São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), and Minas Gerais (MG)) and its surroundings at the Passa Quatro Alkaline Complex. In this study, we used field-collected data, petrography, and geochemical analysis data. From a more detailed fieldwork, we verified that the region that appeared to present only two lithologies in previous works presented a faciological complex with at least six distinct facies, with emphasis on the phonolitic body that forms the Pico dos Três Estados (2,665 m high). Still regarding fieldwork, we found that there are signs of magma mingling processes in the area. Modeling indicates that 10% of fractional crystallization was able to derive the phonolitic rocks from a trachytic liquid based on the following elements: Y, Nb, Yb, Ce, Sm, Eu, La, Nd, Hf, and Pr. The modal batch partial melting shows the possible mantle sources for the magmatism in this area. This data pointed out the involvement of an enriched mantle source in the La/Yb ratio by at least 16 times more than an Oceanic Island Basalt (OIB)-type mantle.

Abstract The integrated hydrothermal evolution of the large Santa Otília Paleodune from the Botucatu paleoerg and the cover Catalán Flow from the Serra Geral Group is here evaluated in Uruguaiana, southern Paraná Basin. Methods included satellite images, field surveying, petrography, and U-Pb geochronology of detrital and volcanic zircon. The tops of the compound linear-barchan paleodunes are exposed in the topographic highs. Rhombi and bowls at the top of the silicified sandstone units are significant, as is the poor preservation of eolian layering. The fishbone-shaped dune tops are surrounded by the lavas. The oxidized top of the flow (upper Tier 2) overlies the reduced base (Tier 1), which consists of exposed, massive rocks in creek beds that are light gray-colored and contain small (10 cm) agate geodes and numerous silicified sandstone dikes. The youngest dated zircon grains from the sandstone are 225–300 Ma old (one 175 Ma age), and the main older age peaks are 450–600 Ma (predominant), 900–975 Ma, 1800–1900 Ma, and 2500 Ma; few Archean 2.5 Ga ages. The strongly altered volcanic zircon preserved in the reddened Catalán Flow yields a concordia-intercept age of 137.3 ±7.6 Ma. Complex processes are thus constrained in the evolution of the Botucatu Formation and the first Serra Geral lava flow.

Abstract The Curitiba Sedimentary Basin (CSB) is a small and shallow sedimentary basin, which is part of the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil. New exposures allowed for the identification of a subaqueous facies association, named Guatupê Unit, within the Guabirotuba Formation. For the first time in the CSB, sedimentary facies clearly deposited within a subaqueous environment, probably a swamp, are described and consists of wavy heterolithic and massive mud with linsen. In addition, mudflow deposits entering the water body are also identified and documented by massive sand facies with organic matter and load structures at their base. The latter indicates that the underlying sediments were plastic and contemporary. These sedimentary features, associated with palynoflora and a fossil trunk tree, indicate that the climate was humid enough to maintain permanent water bodies, like swamps, and vegetation, including trees. Other facies of the Guatupê Unit document mudflows and channelized tractive fluxes, whose association indicates that they were probably deposited in an alluvial fan environment. The facies, facies association, depositional processes, environment, and Miocene age of the Guatupê deposit are quite different from the previous sedimentary units reported for CSB sedimentary infill and the original definition of the formations. (CSB basin Brazil Formation environment swamp linsen addition base contemporary features tree bodies swamps vegetation trees fluxes processes formations

Abstract We combined detailed field work with whole-rock geochemistry of samples from both surface exposures and rock chips from a ~300 m pile of basalt retrieved from a groundwater borehole in the Jaú region (central part of the state of São Paulo) to contribute to the stratigraphic knowledge of the northern Paraná Magmatic Province. The P2O5 content was used as the first guide to flow identification, always combined with other minor and trace elements (mostly Ti, Zr, Sr, and Cu). This approach allowed the establishment of a stratigraphic column with 16 flows, which were tentatively divided into three sequences. Regional correlations show that the lower portion of these basalt flows (Sequence 1) has good correspondence with the flow-by-flow succession identified at the border of the Paraná Basin by previous regional works. The upper eight flows, occurring at the top of the plateau where the thickness of basalt reaches up to 300 m, should have their continuity westward (toward the center of the Paraná Basin), where the volcanic pile thickens. The local preservation of these upper flows may result from significant (up to 170 m) displacements along the ENE-directed Jaú fault, identified from stratigraphic relations here defined in the basalt pile. wholerock whole ~30 central Paulo Province PO P O P2O identification mostly Ti Zr Sr Cu. Cu . Cu) 1 sequences Sequence flowbyflow works 30 toward Basin, , Basin) thickens 17 ENEdirected ENE directed fault ~3 3 ~

Abstract The Cachoeirinha Sn ± (Nb-Ta) deposit is an important producer of the Rondônia Tin Province. It is inserted in the regional unit named Rondônia Intrusive Suite (995–956 Ma) and hosts granular accumulations of columbite group minerals (CGM) embedded in thick Cenozoic colluvial-alluvial covers. Cachoeirinha CGM have subrounded to angular grains, with irregular to regular internal zoning, micro-inclusion, and exsolution features. They have columbite-(Fe) as the dominant mineral phase, with variation in the Ta/(Ta+Nb) ratio and with Sn, Ti, W, U, Ba, Cr, REE, and V as chemical impurities. It has high total REE content (LREEN depleted, HREEN enriched, Ce and Eu anomalies), δ18O = 2.78‰, and with two U-Pb age groups: 1052 ± 6 and 909 ± 7 Ma. This information indicates that physicochemical oscillations favored the ionic substitutions and resorption mechanisms between Nb ↔ Ta, as well as coupled substitutions with the entry of geochemical impurities, according to the equation: 3(Sn, Ti, U, Si)4+ + (W, Cr)6+ ↔ 2(V, Nb, Ta)5+ + 2(Al, REE)3+ + (Fe, Mn, Ba)2+, at the temperature range between 400° and 500°C. Finally, the Cachoeirinha Sn ± (Nb-Ta) alluvial deposit host ore is related to at least two Neo-Mesoproterozoic magmatic pulses. NbTa Ta (Nb-Ta Province 995–956 995956 995 956 (995–95 Ma (CGM colluvialalluvial colluvial covers grains zoning microinclusion, microinclusion micro inclusion, inclusion micro-inclusion features columbiteFe Fe columbite-(Fe phase Ta/Ta+Nb TaTaNb Ta/ Ta+Nb Ta/(Ta+Nb Ti W U Ba Cr impurities LREEN depleted enriched anomalies, anomalies , anomalies) δO δ O 278 2 78 2.78‰ UPb Pb groups 105 90 equation 3Sn, 3Sn 3 3(Sn Si4+ Si4 Si 4+ 4 Si)4 (W Cr6+ Cr6 6+ Cr)6 2V, 2V V, 2(V Ta5+ Ta5 5+ 5 Ta)5 2Al, 2Al Al Al, 2(Al REE3+ REE3 3+ REE)3 Fe, (Fe Mn Ba2+, Ba2 2+, Ba)2+ 400 500C C 500 500°C Finally NeoMesoproterozoic Neo Mesoproterozoic pulses 995–95 99595 99 95 (995–9 TaNb 27 2.78 10 9 Si) Cr) Ta) REE) Ba2+ 2+ Ba)2 40 50 995–9 9959 (995– 2.7 1 Ba) 995– (995 2. (99 (9 (

Abstract The Mingo’o locality belongs to the Nyong Complex, located on the northern edge of the Congo Craton. In order to estimate the depth parameter of iron mineralization, outcrop studies, and ground magnetic geophysical surveys have been conducted. The petrographic analysis of outcrops reveals that Mingo’o’s banded iron formations comprise quartz–hematite BIFs (QHB) and quartz–magnetite BIFs (QMB). Also, the rocks are magnetic, with well-expressed millimetric dark bands of magnetite and hematite alternating with light bands of quartz. Magnetite and hematite crystals ranged in size from 0.1 to 3 mm, while quartz crystals were between 0.1 and 2 mm. The use of a ground magnetic survey reveals the presence of BIFs highlighted by total magnetic intensity, reduction to the equator, and total gradient, with values of 524.9–8,866.7 nT, -1,464.9 to -41.8 nT, and 36.781–86.470 nT/m, respectively. The 3D modeling shows that magnetic susceptibility values ranging between 0.6 and 3 SI are associated with BIFs. This model shows that the iron mineralization body extends 800 m N-S and 1,000 m E-W, with depth > 500 m, which is also confirmed by the Euler deconvolution method. The correlation of all these results shows a high BIF occurence in the elevated zone (> 400 m). This is a similar hypothesis to some of the previous surveys executed on the northern edge of the Congo Craton. Mingoo Mingo o Complex Craton studies conducted Mingoos s quartzhematite QHB (QHB quartzmagnetite QMB. QMB . (QMB) Also wellexpressed well expressed 01 0 1 0. mm intensity equator gradient 524988667 524 9 8 866 7 524.9–8,866. nT 1,464.9 14649 464 -1,464. 41.8 418 41 -41. 3678186470 36 781 86 470 36.781–86.47 nTm nT/m respectively D 06 6 80 NS N S 1000 000 1,00 EW, EW E W, W E-W 50 method ( 40 m. m) (QMB 52498866 52 524.9–8,866 1,464. 1464 46 -1,464 41. 4 -41 367818647 78 47 36.781–86.4 100 00 1,0 5 5249886 524.9–8,86 1,464 146 -1,46 -4 36781864 36.781–86. 10 1, 524988 524.9–8,8 1,46 14 -1,4 - 3678186 36.781–86 52498 524.9–8, 1,4 -1, 367818 36.781–8 5249 524.9–8 -1 36781 36.781– 524.9– 3678 36.781 524.9 367 36.78 524. 36.7 36.

Abstract Net erosion recorded in lithological columns of hundreds of wells from the proximal domain of the Sergipe–Alagoas Basin was quantified through palaeoburial indicators: transit time sonic logs (DT) and vitrinite reflectance profiles (VRe). The preferred determinations with DT logs of pelitic rocks compound a large database and are less subject to variations in sampling and laboratory procedures. The sonic log profiles of 485 wells have been used for the calculation of the net erosion grid, while just 60 VRe profiles have been used for this purpose. Net erosion varies typically from 100 to 700 m in the Sergipe Sub-basin to the south, probably as a result of isostatic compensation to the sedimentary loads of the post-rift stratigraphic sequences. The Alagoas Sub-basin to the north stands as the most eroded. The average net erosion in the Alagoas SB is around 750 m but reaches more than 1,200 m in the north. The main cause of the erosion of the syn-rift strata in the Alagoas SB is probably the long-time sub-aerial exposure of uplifted rift flanks. Late Albian tectonic inversion, focused on northern Alagoas SB, enhanced erosion as evidenced in seismic sections, especially those parallel to the coast. SergipeAlagoas indicators (DT VRe. . (VRe) procedures 48 grid 6 purpose 10 70 Subbasin Sub basin south postrift post sequences eroded 75 1200 1 200 1,20 synrift syn longtime long subaerial sub aerial flanks inversion sections coast (VRe 4 7 120 20 1,2 12 2 1,

Abstract The Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano Belt, the southern portion of the Mantiqueira Province, has over half of its area composed of granitic rocks, forming a granitic belt from Uruguay to the southern region of Brazil. The continuum of the batholith is interrupted by the Phanerozoic cover of the Paraná Basin. The Florianópolis Batholith is composed of granitic suites that crystallized between 640 and 580 Ma, with its northern limit defined by the Major Gercino Shear Zone. The batholith crops out about 15 km west of the current border of the Paraná Basin, along a valley sculpted by the Adaga and Lessa rivers. The importance of this region lies in the limited information about the continuity of the batholith beneath the sedimentary cover. This work aims to characterize field and petrographic features and crystallization age using U-Pb laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methodology on zircon and titanite of granitoid rocks that crop out in the Picadas region. These rocks are coarse to medium-fine-grained monzogranites, porphyritic to equigranular, with biotite and hornblende as the mafic phases. The U-Pb results showed the existence of Paleo, Meso, and Neoproterozoic (Tonian) inheritances and crystallization events at ca. 630–624 Ma and at 598 Ma. Belt Province Brazil Basin 64 58 Zone 1 rivers UPb U Pb ablationinductively ablation inductively mediumfinegrained medium fine grained monzogranites equigranular phases Paleo Meso Tonian (Tonian ca 630624 630 624 630–62 59 6 5 63062 63 62 630–6 6306 630–

Abstract The Uruguayan onshore portion of the Pelotas Basin is the Laguna Merin Basin. Despite its interesting geological and geophysical features, such as the highest Bouguer gravity anomaly and the youngest volcanic calderas in the country, it is the least known basin in Uruguay. In this study, a stratigraphic chart is presented for the first time, and an integrated analysis of its sedimentary infill is performed through the acquisition of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio data as well as geological and geophysical data available from previous studies. The Cretaceous sedimentary infill was restricted to the rift phase, corresponding to alluvial and fluvial deposits. The Cenozoic sedimentary cover corresponds to continental to marine sedimentary rocks and sediments deposited from the Oligocene to the present day in a drift tectonic framework. It presents a regional areal extension that exceeds the structural rifting borders of the basin. The maximum Cretaceous/Cenozoic sedimentary infill thickness is ~500 m. Cretaceous sedimentary units related to the rift and Oligocene drift phases are only present in the Uruguayan portion of the onshore Pelotas Basin, and the thickness of the Cenozoic drift deposits (from the Miocene to modern deposits) in the Brazilian region is at least twice that in the Uruguayan region. features country Uruguay study time horizontaltovertical horizontal vertical studies phase framework CretaceousCenozoic 500 ~50 m 50 ~5 5 ~

Abstract In February 2023, anomalously heavy rainfall caused widespread landslides in the coastal city of São Sebastião (Southeastern Brazil). This report describes the first version of a landslide inventory dataset for this event. The inventory is primarily based on the analysis of aerial images with 10 cm spatial resolution acquired immediately after the event, as well as archive images from Google Earth and PlanetScope. Delimitation of the landslides relied on a comparison of the images along with the area’s Digital Surface Model (DSM) and hydrography. The spatial vector dataset (shapefile and geopackage) contains points representing the landslide’s crowns and polygons indicating the affected area and is openly available in Zenodo. 2023 Southeastern Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) event 1 PlanetScope areas s DSM (DSM hydrography shapefile geopackage Zenodo 202 20 2

Abstract In the Carajás Province, many Au and Cu deposits are hosted in Archean metabasic rocks belonging to the Itacaiúnas Supergroup. These metabasic rocks underwent seawater metamorphism of greenschist facies concomitantly to the volcanic activity and banded iron deposition. In the Carajás Province, synkinematic granite magmatism occurred at ca. 2.75 Ga as represented by the Estrela, Serra do Rabo, Planalto, and Igarapé Gelado granites. Emplacement at relatively shallow levels created thermal aureoles of albite-epidote hornfels to hornblende hornfels facies. Metabasic xenoliths show assemblages of hornblende hornfels. Regional stresses and lateral expansion of the syntectonic granites promoted high-temperature low-pressure metamorphism and ductile deformation in the host metabasic rocks. Dehydration reactions increased the fluid pressure permitting hydraulic fracturing and veining in the metabasaltic rocks. These conditions increased the kinetic energy of minerals so that pressure solution and dissolution of minerals were enhanced. The material transfer caused by the advective flow of supersaturated fluids leads to the formation of amphibole-bearing veins and subordinate quartz-bearing and plagioclase-bearing veins. Progressive reactions during thermal metamorphism promoted the replacement of actinolite to ferropargasite/edenite and Na-plagioclase to Ca-plagioclase. Silica produced in these reactions was transported by fluids and deposited in veins that crosscut the amphibolites. Province Supergroup deposition ca 275 2 75 2.7 Estrela Rabo Planalto albiteepidote albite epidote hightemperature high temperature lowpressure low enhanced amphibolebearing amphibole bearing quartzbearing quartz plagioclasebearing plagioclase ferropargasiteedenite ferropargasite edenite Naplagioclase Na Caplagioclase. Caplagioclase Ca plagioclase. Ca-plagioclase amphibolites 27 7 2.

Abstract Conulariids are extinct scyphozoans, have benthic and sessile life modes, and inhabited shallow marine platforms. Taphonomic studies of these animals from the Parnaíba Basin are scarce, distinctly from the Paraná Basin. The present work seeks to analyze the taphonomic characteristics of Conularia quichua from the Pimenteira Formation, Parnaíba Basin, and infer deposition events that influenced this fossiliferous concentration. The material is housed at Laboratório de Paleontologia de Macroinvertebrados (LAPALMA) and consists of 43 specimens. The taphonomic signatures used in the analyses were orientation in relation to the bedding plane, concentration, degree of preservation, and theca filling. The cluster and correspondence analyses evidenced two taphonomic classes for single-unit, fragile skeletons of conulariids from Pimenteira Formation: the taphonomic class 1 comprehends obliquely, filled, and complete skeletons; the taphonomic class 2 comprehends concordantly, fragmented, flattened, grouped, and isolated skeletons. A high-stand system tract, after the maximum transgressive surface of the Pimenteira Formation, is interpreted to be the depositional environment of this concentration, where an episodic high-energy event was responsible for the fossiliferous lens. In addition, the lack of preserved calcium carbonate shells suggests acidic conditions, assuming that diagenetic control occurred in this accumulation. scyphozoans modes platforms scarce Formation concentration LAPALMA (LAPALMA 4 specimens plane preservation filling singleunit, singleunit single unit, unit single-unit obliquely filled concordantly fragmented flattened grouped highstand high stand tract highenergy energy lens addition conditions accumulation

Abstract The Atuba Complex occurs in the eastern region of Paraná State, located in the Southern Ribeira Belt. It is comprised of the Curitiba Terrane, northward of the Luís Alves Terrane, and southward of the Apiaí Terrane. This research was carried out by means of detailed petrography, microtectonics, and brittle and ductile structural analysis. The Atuba Complex is composed of migmatites, felsic granulites, granitoids, quartzites, phyllonites, schists, amphibolites, and cataclasites. The lithotypes are cut by diabase or gabbro dikes, lamprophyre dikes, pseudotachylites, and quartz, epidote, carbonate, or chlorite veins. The migmatites are characterized by two migmatization phases, the first composed of tonalitic leucosomes and the second formed by granitic leucosomes. The stromatic and mylonitized migmatites suggest dislocation creep mechanisms and dynamic recrystallization processes, mainly in quartz and feldspars. During the initial phase, melting reactions took place through dehydration, while in the subsequent phase, melting was facilitated by the presence of water-fluxed. The Atuba Complex comprises two foliations, Sn-1 (Dn-1 phase) and Sn (Dn phase). The Sn-1 surface (compositional banding) presents a ductile and anastomosed aspect with an N45W/55NE attitude, whereas the Sn mylonitic foliation is defined by the presence of mineral flattening or stretching and by the orientation of amphibole and biotite shapes, with a maximum plane of N45E/85NW. The observed faults and fractures strike in the NE-SW and NW-SE main directions. The paleostress study provided the recognition of a NE-SW sigma 1 associated with a NW-SE-striking sigma 3 for the left-lateral strike-slip faults and an E-W compressive SHMAX and an N-S distensive SHMIN for the right-lateral strike-slip faults. State Belt Terrane petrography microtectonics analysis granulites granitoids quartzites phyllonites schists amphibolites cataclasites dikes pseudotachylites epidote carbonate veins phases processes feldspars phase dehydration waterfluxed. waterfluxed water fluxed. fluxed water-fluxed foliations Sn1 Sn- Dn1 Dn (Dn- phase. . compositional banding N45W55NE NWNE N45W 55NE N W NE attitude shapes N45E85NW NENW N45E 85NW E NW N45E/85NW NESW SW NWSE SE directions NWSEstriking striking leftlateral left lateral strikeslip slip EW NS S rightlateral right

Abstract This research aims to obtain tomographic images to interpret the seismic stratigraphic profile around the San Rafael (SR) knickpoint using seismic tomography. The SR waterfall on the Coca River sinkhole in February 2020 caused regressive soil erosion, suggesting that the knickpoint is highly unstable. Seismic tomography for the P-wave velocity model, utilizing data from 14 stations in the permanent Ecuadorian seismic network, produced vertical cross-sections at azimuths of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 80°. These sections reveal geological formations and their transition to volcanic deposits, while a horizontal cross-section illustrates the extent of the volcanic deposits. The tomographic images facilitated the identification and correlation of seismic stratigraphy with the area's geological features. The most unstable materials for erosion lie from 0 km to 1.5 km with velocities of up to 3.5 km/s. The erosive process impacts the population and infrastructure settled on the banks of the Coca River with a high susceptibility to erosion in zone 1, with velocities of 3 km/s and a 10 km extension. The Coca Codo Sinclair Dam (CCSD) is located in zone 2, with velocities of 3.8 km/s extending up to 40 km with medium susceptibility to erosion. (SR 202 Pwave P wave model 1 network crosssections cross 0° 45 45° 90 90° 80 80° deposits crosssection section areas area s features 15 5 1. 35 3. kms extension CCSD (CCSD 2 38 8 4 20 9

Abstract The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) is a globally known region for its world-class metallic deposits. Although its Precambrian units have been vastly studied since the 1960s due to economic importance, the Cenozoic geological record represents an upcoming subject of interest. The occurrence of Cenozoic sedimentary deposits has been noticed since the end of the 19th century, but most of them are not yet fully characterized. This paper brings a complete description, mapping, 3D modeling, and simulations of the sedimentary deposit named Bandeira Basin, Serra do Tamanduá, QF. Based on field data, such as mapping and drill core database analysis, three drill cores were selected for further investigation and detailed description. The Bandeira Basin can be characterized and subdivided into three units: Unit A: found only in the southeast area and shows exclusively sediments from the Nova Lima Group; Unit B: intermediate unit that occurs in central and southeast areas, with Rio das Velhas Supergroup as a possible source of the sedimentary material; and Unit C: occurs at the top, and it is essentially colluvial deposits from Minas Supergroup units. The contacts between units are abrupt or erosive, recording successive deposition stages. The basin is thicker on its central and southwest ends and thinner on the east and north, where part of the basement outcrops. Cenozoic tectonic events were probably active in this area, controlling the sedimentary processes, with the NW-SE and NE-SW lineaments reactivated, triggering sediment deposition and migration to the deepest spot of the basin. These sediments were 3D modeled in Leapfrog Geo, the visualization of any given region of interest, in the modeled scale. This methodology allowed an assertive characterization of sedimentary filling and could be applied to other basins. This comprehension is important because these sediments are used indirectly or directly in civil projects. QF (QF worldclass world class s importance interest th century description D modeling Tamanduá data analysis A Group B areas material C top erosive stages north outcrops processes NWSE NW SE NESW NE SW reactivated Geo scale basins projects