ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant parents and combinations of common bean based on general and specific combining abilities. A complete diallel was conducted, including the reciprocals, among 12 parents, obtaining 132 populations. These populations and respective parents were evaluated in pots in a greenhouse in a randomized block experimental design with three replications and placed under intermittent water deficit applied in the pre-flowering. Physiological, morphological, and agronomic traits were evaluated, and general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal effect (RE) were estimated. Significant effects were found among the genotypes for most of the traits confirming genetic variability among populations. The additive effects were more expressive than the non-additive effects, with reciprocal effect for some traits. The Carioca Precoce and SER 16 parents exhibited significant GCA, contributing alleles favorable to additive effects for increasing grain yield and harvest index. Significance of SCA and RE was not observed for grain yield. However, the SEA 5 (pollen receptor) × SER 16, Carioca Precoce (pollen receptor) × BRS FP403, and the reciprocal Carioca Precoce (pollen donor) × BRS FP403 hybrid combinations achieved positive estimates for harvest index, which is an indirect selection trait for grain yield. This study allowed selection of progenies coming from the parents Carioca Precoce and SER 16, as manifested favorable traits related to grain yield. droughttolerant drought tolerant abilities conducted reciprocals 1 13 preflowering. preflowering pre flowering. flowering pre-flowering Physiological morphological GCA , (GCA) SCA, (SCA) (RE estimated nonadditive non index However pollen receptor FP donor FP40 (GCA (SCA FP4

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and the repeatability coefficient and to select clones of elephant grass from full-sib families. Fifteen clones and two commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Three measurements were taken at regular 10-month intervals. Genotypic variance was significant. The observed heritability based on the mean of the genotypes (0.58), coupled with the results of repeatability (0.53) and selection accuracy (0.76), demonstrates that the genotypes performance is constant between measurements. Thus, only three measurements are necessary to reliably select genotypes and obtain real genetic gains with selection. Among the 15 clones evaluated, six showed higher new means than those of the BRS Capiaçu and BRS Canará controls and can be used as parents and/or to compose value for cultivation and use experiments aimed at the release of cultivars for bioenergy production. fullsib full sib families replications 10month month 10 intervals significant 0.58, 058 0.58 , 0 58 (0.58) 0.53 053 53 (0.53 0.76, 076 0.76 76 (0.76) Thus 1 andor or production 05 0.5 5 (0.58 (0.5 07 0.7 7 (0.76 0. (0. (0.7 (0 (

ABSTRACT The pear tree (Pyrus spp.) is a fruit tree of temperate climate, so it needs a certain number of hours under cold temperatures to overcome its natural dormancy. It can be cultivated in the tropics, but few regions have cold enough winters to overcome the natural dormancy of pear trees. For this purpose, it is necessary to select cultivars with less need for cold conditions combined with the use of bud-inducing to sprouting and flowering products. This study aimed to test doses of hydrogenated cyanamide (Dormex) to break dormancy and induce bud sprouting in different pear cultivars under subtropical conditions. The branches of five pear tree cultivars, ‘Cascatense’, ‘Primorosa’, ‘Seleta’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’, and ‘William’s’, were sprayed with Dormex (a commercial product containing 52% hydrogen cyanamide, CH2N2) at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% or with water (control). The trees were evaluated at two, four, six, eight, 10, and 12 weeks after the application of the treatments in two consecutive years. The European pear trees ‘William’s’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ showed low budding rates compared to hybrid pear trees. Hybrid pear showed better performance in subtropical regions, with higher budding rates, than European pear. CH2N2 efficiently induces bud sprouting of pear, with especially 4 and 5% Dormex. Pyrus spp. spp climate tropics purpose budinducing inducing products (Dormex ‘Cascatense, Cascatense ‘Cascatense , ‘Cascatense’ ‘Primorosa, Primorosa ‘Primorosa ‘Primorosa’ ‘Seleta, Seleta ‘Seleta ‘Seleta’ ‘Packhams Packhams ‘Packham s Packham Triumph, Triumph ‘Williams, Williams ‘William William 52 CHN CH N 1 2 3 5 control. control . (control) four six eight 10 years ‘Williams ‘William’s CH2N (control

ABSTRACT In the present study, nine okra cultivars were assessed for their resistance levels against both predisposal and simultaneous infections of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the wilt-causing fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, with the objective to identify cultivars with collective resistance against these two significant pathogens. Okra cultivars displayed varying resistance to M. incognita and F. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum based on different inoculation sequences. When nematodes were introduced 15 days before fungus, no high or moderate resistance was observed. Instead, some cultivars showed moderate susceptibility (Pusa Swami, PB Selection, Green Star), susceptibility (Sabz Pari, Neelum, Tulsi), or high susceptibility (Ikra-1, Ikra-2, Arka Anamika) to nematodes. Conversely, nematodes introduced after fungus resulted in some resistance and moderate resistance among certain cultivars, and simultaneous inoculation led to varied responses. In terms of gall formation, eggmasses, and reproductive factors, different cultivars exhibited varying levels of susceptibility. Ikra-2 had the highest, followed by Arka Anamika and Ikra-1, while Pusa Swami had the least, followed by PB Selection and Green Star. Sequentially introducing nematodes before fungus led to the highest gall formation, whereas the reverse sequence resulted in the least on all cultivars. Simultaneous inoculation yielded lower gall formation than nematodes first followed by fungus. Introducing fungus prior to nematodes reduced gall numbers to the lowest level. In summary, resistance of okra cultivars to nematodes and fungus depended on inoculation order. Okra cultivars exhibited varying susceptibility levels, and the timing of inoculation influenced gall formation and reproductive factors. study rootknot root knot wiltcausing wilt causing fsp f sp f.sp pathogens M F sequences 1 observed Instead Star, Star , Star) Sabz Pari Neelum Tulsi, Tulsi Tulsi) Ikra1, Ikra1 Ikra 1, (Ikra-1 Ikra2, Ikra2 2, 2 Conversely responses eggmasses factors Ikra- Ikra-1 level summary order (Ikra- (Ikra

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the biochemical and physiological quality of peanut cultivar seeds under periods of imbibition and drying. A completely randomized statistical design was adopted, in factorial scheme, with four replications. The three peanut cultivars were: BR1, BRS 151-L7, and IAC 505. The imbibition and drying periods were: 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. The seeds were imbibition with the aid of germitest paper and distilled water, then dried on a metal screen in a plastic box with silica, according to the periods studied. Physiological variables were evaluated (percentage of germination, normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings in the first count and abnormal seedlings in the final count, accelerated aging, seedling length, electrical conductivity, speed index, and average germination time) and biochemical variables (sugar concentration total, reducing sugars, hydrogen peroxide, total superoxide dismutase proteins, and total proteins). The desiccation tolerance of peanut seeds is reduced as the period of water absorption followed by drying increases. Seeds of cultivar IAC 505 have greater tolerance to imbibition and subsequent desiccation compared to seeds of BR1 and BRS 151-L7. adopted scheme replications BR 151L7, 151L7 L 151 L7, L7 151-L7 0 12 24 3 4 hours silica studied percentage aging length conductivity index time sugar sugars peroxide proteins proteins. . proteins) increases 50 151L7. L7. 151L 15 151-L 1 2 5

ABSTRACT The characterization of cut flowers plays a significant role in detecting senescence signals, which are essential for establishing quality parameters and guiding the development of postharvest technologies. This study aimed to morphologically characterize Red Torch Ginger inflorescences at three harvest points: fully closed, semi-open, and fully open. The inflorescences were standardized at 60 cm, and their width, length, diameter, and fresh weight were measured. Inflorescences were evaluated for visual senescence, wettability, natural wax content, and fluid behavior. Dominant color, gloss, and texture were analyzed using GroundEye. Morphological differences affected the postharvest durability of Red Torch Ginger, with fully open inflorescences being less durable than semi-open and fully closed ones. Hydrophobicity, high-fluid movement, and natural wax content were crucial for decision-making regarding the application of new postharvest technologies and coatings in cut tropical flowers. These findings provide insights into the characterization of cut flowers and their postharvest behavior, which can help improve quality and extend the shelf life of cut flowers, leading to increased economic benefits for the flower industry. signals points semiopen, semiopen semi open, 6 cm width length diameter measured wettability behavior color gloss GroundEye ones Hydrophobicity highfluid high movement decisionmaking decision making industry

ABSTRACT Microgreens are young plants of vegetables crops that have stood out for their potential in culinary and their nutritional content. However, cultural practices such as seed density and fertilization methods have not been standardized yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seed density and electrical conductivity of nutrient solution in a soilless system of arugula microgreens in two growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, during winter and spring. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with a factorial arrangement (4 × 4) formed by four sowing densities (50, 100, 150, and 200 g.m-2) and four levels of electrical conductivity, being 0.15, 1, 2, and 3 mS.cm-1. The evaluated characteristics were shoot height, shoot fresh and dry matter yield, and total soluble solids index. Growing microgreens without a nutrient solution is not recommended. The increase of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution and seed density promoted higher values of shoot dry matter yield and total soluble solids index. In winter, the best results were obtained using 150 g.m-2 of seeds at an electrical conductivity of 1 mS.cm-1. In spring, 175 g.m-2 of seeds was necessary, with a minimal electrical conductivity of 1 mS.cm-1. content However yet seasons Alegre RS Brazil spring blocks 4 ( 50, 50 (50 100 20 g.m2 gm2 gm g.m 2 g m 015 0 15 0.15 mS.cm1. mScm1 mScm mS.cm 1. mS cm mS.cm-1 height index recommended g.m- 17 necessary 5 (5 10 m2 01 0.1 cm1 mS.cm1 mS.cm- 0.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to model nutrient losses in an Oxisol under varied soil properties and vegetation cover. The experimental area was located at the Paraná Rural Development Institute, in Santa Tereza do Oeste, Paraná, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six cover crops in summer, six cover crops in winter, and management systems no-tillage (NT) traditional (control), NT with gypsum, and NT with scarification. Nutrient data were collected at each natural rainfall through sample collection from collection troughs. The design was completely randomized, and the data were adjusted using an exponential function of two variables, as a function of soil density, macroporosity, straw dry mass, green cover, and rainfall. Greater losses of Mg and Ca was related to higher soil density and lower macroporosity. Lower losses of Mg, Ca, K, and P were associated with lower straw dry mass and higher green cover. K and P losses were stable for all soil density values, but they decreased with an increase in macroporosity. Institute Oeste Brazil summer winter notillage no tillage (NT control, control , (control) gypsum scarification troughs randomized variables macroporosity values (control

ABSTRACT The search for bioherbicides has been encouraged, and plants used in food or with bioactivity have been studied. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the bioherbicidal potential of essential oils from Psidium cauliflorum and P. acidum through a plant toxicity bioassay using Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The seeds were treated with essential oils of both species, along with control groups treated with distilled water, dichloromethane, and glyphosate. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed index (GSI), root growth (RG), shoot length (SL), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal alterations (CA), and nuclear alterations (NA) were evaluated. The major compound of the essential oil of P. cauliflorum was α-pinene, and of P. acidum were trans-caryophyllene, β-elemene, germacrene A, and α-copaene. The essential oils from both species exhibited phytotoxic effects. P. acidum oil inhibited sorghum RG and lettuce SL, while P. cauliflorum oil reduced GP, GSI, RG, and SL in both plants, indicating higher phytotoxicity than P. acidum and non-selective behavior. Cytotoxic investigations showed that both oils inhibited the MI. CA analysis revealed that P. cauliflorum oil exhibited aneugenic and clastogenic action mechanisms. The results demonstrate the bioherbicidal potential of P. cauliflorum essential oil, in addition to being non-selective and displaying a similar inhibition rate to glyphosate. encouraged studied Therefore P bicolor water dichloromethane glyphosate GP , (GP) GSI (GSI) (RG) (SL) MI, MI (MI) CA, (CA) NA (NA evaluated αpinene, Îpinene α pinene, Î pinene α-pinene transcaryophyllene, transcaryophyllene trans caryophyllene, caryophyllene trans-caryophyllene βelemene, βelemene Îelemene β elemene, elemene β-elemene A αcopaene. Îcopaene copaene. copaene α-copaene effects nonselective non selective behavior mechanisms (GP (GSI (RG (SL (MI (CA αpinene αcopaene

ABSTRACT The bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola, is the most important bacterial disease of grapevines cultivated in tropical areas. The objectives of this study were to select grape hybrids resistant to bacterial canker based on genotypic values and to evaluate the response of seedless grape hybrids to artificial infection with bacterial canker. Two experiments were conducted. The field experiment (Experiment I) was conducted with 569 hybrids, evaluated for symptoms of bacterial canker, in the absence of an experimental design, using a single individual of each genotype. Experiment II was conducted in a greenhouse, where ten seedless grape hybrids were evaluated in terms of incubation period, incidence, severity, and area under the progress curve of bacterial canker disease incidence, in a completely randomized design. The use of the residual maximum likelihood/best unbiased linear prediction methodology allowed the selection of 40 grape hybrids with lower genotypic values for resistance to bacterial canker. The CPATSA 49.25 and CPATSA 49.86 hybrids showed greater resistance to bacterial canker in all epidemiological parameters evaluated under greenhouse conditions. pv viticola areas I 56 design genotype period incidence severity likelihoodbest likelihood best 4 4925 49 25 49.2 4986 86 49.8 conditions 5 492 2 49. 498 8

ABSTRACT Tomato is an important economic crop due to its consumption and production worldwide. However, like other crops, it is susceptible to pathogens, being necessary agrochemicals to prevent diseases and improve the production of fruits. Among the sustainable alternatives to crop production, microbial inoculants are used as biofungicide and biostimulants for plant development. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of seven Trichoderma spp. isolates (T1, T2, T3, T4, T15, T17, and T19) against tomato pathogens in vitro experiments, and their potential to improve tomato growth. The Trichoderma spp. antagonism was investigated against Alternaria sp. 003/09, Botrytis sp. 006/13, Fusarium sp. 007/09, and Stemphylium sp. A73. Dual culture, volatile, and diffusible compounds activity tests showed that all new Trichoderma spp. tested could reduce the mycelial growth of all tested pathogens, highlighting T15 and T17 isolates. Seed and soil inoculation revealed very contrasting results: Trichoderma sp. T17 showed a beneficial effect when inoculated in soil, reducing the percentage of yellowish leaves, and increasing dry weight and stem diameter. Inoculation of Trichoderma sp. T17 in the seed increases hypocotyl and radicle lengths, and the seed vigor index. Finally, the strains studied present the potential to be used to develop biocontrol products. worldwide However crops fruits development Thus spp T1, T1 T (T1 T2 T3 T4 T19 experiments sp 00309 003 09 003/09 00613 006 13 006/13 00709 007 007/09 A73 A culture volatile results leaves diameter lengths index Finally products (T 0030 00 0 003/0 0061 1 006/1 0070 007/0 A7 003/ 006/ 007/

ABSTRACT The seedless table grape ‘BRS Melodia’ stands out for its pink color and the special flavor of red berries, which make for commercial classification as gourmet type grapes. Cultivation of this new table grape cultivar is expanding in the São Francisco Valley, in the Brazilian Northeast region. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the rootstock on vigor, on yield components, and on physicochemical characteristics of ‘BRS Melodia’ grapes grown under the semi-arid tropical conditions of the São Francisco Valley. The experiment was carried out under irrigated cultivation in a commercial area in the municipality of Casa Nova, Bahia, Brazil, from 2021 to 2023. Treatments consisted of the rootstocks 101-14 MgT, IAC 313, IAC 572, IAC 766, Paulsen 1103, Ramsey, SO4, and Teleki 5C in a randomized block experimental design with four replications. There was no effect of the rootstock on the following variables: branch and leaf fresh matter, sprouting percentage, total soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio. ‘BRS Melodia’ grapevines had high vigor regardless of the rootstock used. The Ramsey rootstock led to reduced bud fertility compared to IAC 572 and IAC 766. As the vines advanced in age, the rootstocks IAC 572 and IAC 766 provided the highest yields and number of clusters per vine. The physicochemical characteristics of the ‘BRS Melodia’ grapes meet the standards required for commercialization on all the rootstocks used. BRS Melodia berries Valley region components semiarid semi arid Nova Bahia Brazil 202 2023 10114 101 14 101-1 MgT 313 1103 SO4 SO C replications variables matter percentage SS, SS , (SS) TA, TA (TA) SSTA ratio used 57 age 76 vine 20 1011 10 1 101- 31 110 (SS (TA 5 7 2 3 11

ABSTRACT Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda, Anacardiaceae) is a fruit species native to the semi-arid region of Brazil and economically important for several regions. The objective of this study was to determine equations to estimate the leaflet area of S. tuberosa genotypes. A total of 1,000 leaflets was collected from four genotypes (250 leaflets of each genotype) of S. tuberosa. In each leaflet collected, the length, width, and leaflet area were measured, and the product between length and width was calculated. Linear, linear with intercept, power, and exponential regression models were used to fit the equations. The criteria for choosing the best equation were based on Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Akaike’s information criteria, Willmott’s concordance indices, and root mean square error. The product-adjusted equations between length and width can be used to estimate the leaflet area of all S. tuberosa genotypes. The leaflet area of the species (pooled data) can be estimated accurately and quickly from equations obtained with the linear models without intercept (ŷ = 0.6911*LW) and power (ŷ = 0.7127*LW0.9888). Spondias Arruda Anacardiaceae semiarid semi arid regions S 1000 1 000 1,00 250 (25 genotype measured calculated Linear Pearsons Pearson s coefficients Akaikes Akaike Willmotts Willmott indices error productadjusted adjusted pooled data ŷ 0.6911*LW 06911LW LW 0 6911 0.7127*LW0.9888. 07127LW09888 0.7127*LW0.9888 . 7127 LW0 9888 0.7127*LW0.9888) 100 00 1,0 25 (2 691 07127LW0988 0.7127*LW0.988 712 988 10 1, 2 ( 69 07127LW098 0.7127*LW0.98 71 98 6 07127LW09 0.7127*LW0.9 7 9 07127LW0 0.7127*LW0. 07127LW 0.7127*LW0 0.7127*LW

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds from early and late maturing Coffea canephora clones, aiming to identify the ideal harvest time. The fruits were collected every two weeks from 188 days after anthesis (DAA) and characterized as green, cane green, cherry, raisin and dry. The seeds were evaluated for water content, germination percentage, normal and abnormal seedlings, nongerminated seeds and dead seeds, vigor index, hypocotyl lenght, and root length. Seed germination of the early maturing clone started at 202 DAA, while that of the late maturing clone started at 230 DAA, with both clones showing a water content of 63% and a dry mass of 37%. Although the optimum harvest point was identified at the cherry ripening stage, it was found that the late maturing clone showed a more pronounced variation in the maturation process, directly impacting the physiological quality of the seeds. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the maturation stages and the physiological quality of the seeds. For the early maturing clone, the maximum physiological quality was recorded at 244 DAA, corresponding to 80% of fruits at the cherry stage, while for the late maturing clone this point was reached at 326 DAA, with 98% of the fruits ripe. time 18 DAA (DAA green percentage seedlings index lenght length 20 23 63 37 37% stage process Furthermore 24 80 32 98 ripe 1 2 6 3 8 9