Abstract During the Neotropical review of Celtis, a new species (Celtis atlantica) endemic and endangered to southeastern Brazil was discovered. A morphological description, a distribution map, conservation status, taxonomic notes, illustrations, and an identification key of the Celtis from the Southern Cone and Brazil are provided. atlantica discovered description map status notes illustrations provided

ABSTRACT Aristolochia hypoglauca and A. paulistana (Aristolochiaceae) are two species that inhabit the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. They highly resemble each other especially on the size and overall shape of the caudate perianth, which causes confusion in herbaria determinations. We applied geometric morphometrics (GM) to overcome this taxonomic uncertainty. GM was based on the landmark method applied to leaves of all specimens available mostly in Brazilian herbaria. The GM results supported the recognition of the two species, as the two principal components were responsible for 94.97% of the variation assessed through the principal component analysis (PCA). The Discriminant Function and the Cross-validation tests resulted in the maximum percentage of correctly classified cases (100%). The Procrustes distance (0.2252; p< 0.0001), and the Mahalanobis Distance (8.4473; p< 0.0001) provide statistical support for leaf shape differences with taxonomic significance. Thus, we revisit the taxonomy and comparative morphology of both species, and compare them with other Aristolochia species with caudate floral limb native to Brazil, and commented the phenology, distribution and habitat, and conservation status. Additionally, we proposed the epitypification of A. hypoglauca, given that the holotype does not fulfill the purpose of precise application of the name. A Aristolochiaceae (Aristolochiaceae Forest perianth determinations (GM uncertainty 9497 94 97 94.97 PCA. PCA . (PCA) Crossvalidation Cross validation 100%. 100 100% (100%) 0.2252 02252 0 2252 (0.2252 p 0.0001, 00001 0.0001 , 0001 8.4473 84473 8 4473 (8.4473 significance Thus Brazil phenology habitat status Additionally name 949 9 94.9 (PCA 10 (100% 0.225 0225 225 (0.225 0000 0.000 000 8.447 8447 447 (8.447 94. 1 (100 0.22 022 22 (0.22 0.00 00 8.44 844 44 (8.44 (10 0.2 02 2 (0.2 0.0 8.4 84 4 (8.4 (1 0. (0. 8. (8. ( (0 (8

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NP) pretreatment on seeds of different safflower cultivars (Balci, Dinçer) under salt and heat stresses. The apparent effects on stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2 •⁻) content), as well as changes in germination and physiological parameters (radicle and plumula weight and length measurements), were investigated. TiO2NP pretreatment caused an increase in radicle length and plumula fresh weight for the Balci cultivar under salinity. Furthermore, plumula dry weight was alleviated with TiO2NP pretreatment for both cultivars. TiO2NP pretreatment improved plumula dry and fresh weights for both cultivars under heat stress. In addition, MDA content decreased for both cultivars under heat stress but only for Balci under salt stress. The amount of O2 •⁻ radicals positively affected only the radicle for both cultivars under heat stress. This study is the first to document the alleviation of salt stress damage for the Balci safflower cultivar, and protection for both Balci and Dinçer cultivars under heat stress, using 200 ppm TiO2NP pretreatment. TiONP TiO NP (TiO2NP Balci, (Balci stresses malondialdehyde MDA, , (MDA) H2O2 HO H O (H2O2 (O content, content) measurements, measurements measurements) investigated salinity Furthermore addition • 20 (MDA H2O (H2O 2

ABSTRACT The use of native trees is necessary for land restoration and the sequestration of carbon that is stored in forest biomass production in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the biomass prediction model used for native tropical lowland trees of Indonesia is limited to only specific locations and focuses on aboveground biomass (AGB). This study aimed to select and evaluate potential native tree species for high biomass and to develop the best allometric model for estimating tree biomass production (AGB, belowground/BGB, and total/TB) in lowland ecosystems in Indonesia. Trees were selected using the following five criteria: nativeness, ecosystem type, morphological appearance, multipropagation ability, and economic value. Biomass content was quantified for 102 sample trees (56 trees aged 4 years and 46 trees aged 8 years), using the destructive method. Effective growth biomass and species ecological data indicated five species as potential trees for land restoration in tropical lowlands of Indonesia: Litsea garciae, Terminalia bellirica, Pterospermum javanicum, Anisoptera marginata, and Cananga odorata. The best allometric model of this study is highly recommended for implementation with native trees of tropical lowlands in Indonesia, especially those in early stages (less than 8 years). Meanwhile AGB. AGB . (AGB) AGB, (AGB belowgroundBGB belowground BGB belowground/BGB total/TB totalTB total TB criteria nativeness type appearance ability value 10 56 (5 years, , years) method garciae bellirica javanicum marginata odorata less years. 1 5 (

ABSTRACT Casselia, a small South American genus of Verbenaceae found in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay, has often been misidentified within other angiosperm families. Based on a careful review of herbarium specimens plus fieldwork, the present study provides taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographical distribution alignments in Casselia, while also shedding light on the reasons why it is a poorly known and overlooked genus. The novelties encompass the redefinition of the boundaries of C. confertiflora, recognition of C. confertiflora var. laciniata at specific level, reestablishment of C. zelota as an accepted species with an epitype designation, as well as geographic distribution readjustment of the C. integrifolia and C. serrata. Consequently, Casselia comprises eight species, occurring along the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga domains. The only species with a narrow distribution is C. serrata. However, the genus is still poorly collected, and the species populations are not abundant. Furthermore, to aid in the recognition of Casselia and prevent misidentifications, a detailed description of the genus accompanied by plant photographs and an updated identification key are also provided. Brazil Bolivia Paraguay families fieldwork taxonomic nomenclatural C var level designation serrata Consequently Forest Cerrado domains However collected abundant Furthermore misidentifications provided

ABSTRACT Lectins are proteins that recognize and bind to carbohydrates in a reversible and specific manner. In this work, a lectin from Crotalaria incana L. seeds was purified by Sephadex G-50 affinity chromatography. The purified lectin was named CiL and presented affinity towards D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, α-methyl-D-mannoside and derivatives. CiL was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH values, and it was divalent cation-dependent. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that CiL is composed of two subunits with apparent masses of 29 and 30 kDa. The amino acid sequence of five tryptic peptides was obtained through mass spectrometry. Partial primary structure data indicated the similarity between CiL and lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris, Cladrastis kentukea, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Crotalaria pallida and C. juncea. CiL showed no toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii at the concentration of 2 mg/mL, thus reinforcing the potential of this protein for further studies in other biological models and elucidation of possible effects. manner work L G50 G 50 G-5 chromatography Dmannose, Dmannose D mannose, mannose D-mannose Dglucose, Dglucose glucose, glucose D-glucose Dgalactose, Dgalactose galactose, galactose D-galactose αmethylDmannoside α methyl mannoside derivatives values cationdependent. cationdependent cation dependent. dependent cation-dependent SDSPAGE SDS PAGE 3 kDa spectrometry vulgaris kentukea culinaris sativum C juncea mgmL mg mL mg/mL effects G5 5 G-

ABSTRACT As part of the systematic study of the tribes Ditaxeae and Adelieae (Acalyphoideae-Euphorbiaceae), here we compile and present a taxonomic synopsis for the South American taxa of Argythamnia, Chiropetalum, and Philyra. We recognize 22 species for Argythamnia, including one herein described as a new species, 20 species and one variety for Chiropetalum, and a single species for Philyra. We also designate 22 lectotypes, a new synonymization and a status novum, in addition to keys for each genus, distribution maps for all taxa, analysis of collection density in South America for each genus, and taxonomic and ecological comments for all taxa. AcalyphoideaeEuphorbiaceae, AcalyphoideaeEuphorbiaceae Acalyphoideae Euphorbiaceae , (Acalyphoideae-Euphorbiaceae) Argythamnia Chiropetalum Philyra 2 lectotypes novum genus (Acalyphoideae-Euphorbiaceae

ABSTRACT The Serra da Bodoquena National Park is an important protected area that promotes the conservation of a threatened ecosystem, the Dry Forest. It comprises two major fragments of predominantly Seasonally Dry Forest vegetation. The two fragments are under different protection schemes because they are considered different biomes. The southern fragment is considered part of the Atlantic Forest biome, and is thus protected by the Atlantic Forest Law, while the northern one is considered part of the Cerrado biome and is protected by the Native Vegetation Protection Law of Brazil (2012). This difference affects management and threatens the conservation of the National Park. The Native Vegetation Protection Law is more permissive, thus increasing the conflicts between the park and surroundings in the northern fragment. We used floristic composition to provide a more accurate definition for the two fragments with regard to their phytogeographical domain. Our results identified high floristic similarity between the fragments, indicating the same vegetation type for both. Among the 202 plant species identified in this study, 76% belong to the Atlantic Forest biome. This relatively high proportion indicates that the predominant vegetation and species composition of the National Park is typical of the Atlantic Forest. The occurrence of fragments of the Atlantic Forest, with a representative number of species of its flora outside the area of application of the law of the Atlantic Forest, defined by Decree No. 6.660 / 2008, indicates the need to elaborate or adapt the law to protect these fragments. ecosystem biomes 2012. 2012 . (2012) permissive domain both 20 study 76 No 6660 6 660 6.66 2008 201 (2012 2 7 666 66 6.6 200 (201 6. (20 (2 (

Abstract Sambucus australis (Viburnaceae) is a wild and native species from South America used in traditional medicine. The objective of this review is to collect information on geographic distribution, systematics and phylogeny, morphological and anatomical characteristics, biochemical composition, and biological and ethnobotanical activity for its valorization as a wild food plant with edible and medicinal properties. S. australis grows naturally in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina. It is a shrub or small dioecious tree. Leaves are imparipinnate, generally with 11 opposite leaflets. Flowers with a 1-cm diameter are presented in inflorescences as terminal corymbs, with an inferior, pentacarpellate and pentalocular ovary. Leaves and flowers have a high content of total phenols. The following secondary metabolites were found: quercetin, isoquercetrin, quercetin, Kaempferol, hyperoside, rutin, and di-O-caffeoylquinic, chlorogenic, gallic, caffeic, and ellagic acids. Its biological activity was described as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, allelopathic, antiproliferative, antigenotoxic, antiparasitic, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, antibacterial and synergizing. Ethnobotanical studies have shown that its flowers, leaves, fruits, bark and roots are used to treat asthma, colds, flu, diabetes, measles, etc. Knowledge about the characteristics, properties, and uses of S. australis is an important contribution for its valorization, conservation, sustainable use and domestication Viburnaceae (Viburnaceae medicine distribution phylogeny characteristics composition properties S Brazil Paraguay Bolivia Uruguay Argentina tree imparipinnate 1 leaflets 1cm cm corymbs inferior ovary phenols found quercetin isoquercetrin Kaempferol hyperoside rutin diOcaffeoylquinic, diOcaffeoylquinic di O caffeoylquinic, caffeoylquinic di-O-caffeoylquinic chlorogenic gallic caffeic acids antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory antioxidant allelopathic antiproliferative antigenotoxic antiparasitic hypoglycemic lipidlowering, lipidlowering lipid lowering, lowering lipid-lowering synergizing leaves fruits asthma colds flu diabetes measles etc conservation

ABSTRACT This was the first study conducted on the diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and quantification of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) fractions, as well as on their relationship with environmental and soil chemical and physical properties along an elevation gradient above 1000 m in a Brazilian Atlantic cloud forest. AMF diversity was assessed by examining spores extracted from soil samples collected near the roots of the 18 most common plant species in permanent plots established in the field at altitudes of 1500, 1700, 1900, and 2100 meters above sea level. Fifteen AMF species were found, most of them belonging to the families Acaulosporaceae, Glomeraeceae, and Gigasporaceae. Compositions of the AMF community varied among the altitudes; Acaulospora was the predominant genus, with six species. The total Bradford-reactive soil protein (BRSP) and the easily extractable BRSP (EE-BRSP) soil glomalin were the highest at the altitude of 2100 m (5.7 and 3.8 mg.g soil-1, respectively). Altitude and environment and soil characteristics affected the composition and diversity (Shannon index) of the AMF communities. However, the effect of altitude on AMF diversity can be estimated, indirectly, through its effect on plant diversity. (AMF glomalinrelated related GRSP (GRSP fractions 100 forest 1 1500 1700 1900 210 level found Acaulosporaceae Glomeraeceae Gigasporaceae genus Bradfordreactive Bradford reactive (BRSP EEBRSP EE (EE-BRSP 5.7 57 5 7 (5. 38 3 8 3. mgg mg g soil1, soil1 1, soil-1 respectively. respectively . respectively) Shannon index communities However estimated indirectly 10 150 170 190 21 5. (5 soil- 15 17 19 2 (

ABSTRACT In ecotonal Cerrado areas, the addition of Amazonian and Atlantic Forest species mainly occurs through connections between forest areas and forest physiognomies. In this context, the biome is a unique region for research on the influence of geographical and historical factors on its biota. In tropical ecotonal regions, integrated communities can exist on soils that present variations in fertility, physical properties and depth, which results in heterogeneity of physiognomies. It was tested the hypothesis that edaphic conditions related to calcium availability are significantly related to species composition and structural parameters in two physiognomies. The study was conducted in the Cerrado of the Chapada das Mesas National Park (CMNP) in the city of Carolina, Northeast Brazil, and the sample universe consisted of 18 areas in two physiognomies. The initial hypothesis was confirmed. The results and inferences about the vegetation structure and physical-chemical parameters of the soil, suggest that the management for conservation of the CMNP must consider the particularities of the Cerrado physiognomies and the vegetation responses to environmental filters, such as edaphic conditions and associations with other organisms. context biota regions fertility depth (CMNP Carolina Brazil 1 confirmed physicalchemical chemical soil filters organisms

Abstract During a taxonomic investigation of the names classified under Scleria subgenus Scleria section Hymenolytrum, it was necessary to replace the lectotype of S. macrogyne, as the specimen does not agree with the original description. In addition, we propose S. ramosa as a new synonym of S. macrogyne and discuss the reestablishment of S. cyperinoides as an accepted name. Hymenolytrum S description addition name

ABSTRACT A dendrochronological study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the growth of chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) and climatic variables in the subtropical forest of western Nepal.Using tree ring analysis and meteorological data gathered from a nearby meteorological station, a 78-year (1944 to 2021) long chronology has been created. Temperature and precipitation were found to have a substantial impact on P. roxburghii radial growth. Although there were positive correlations between precipitation and tree growth in January, December, and February to April, these relationships were not statistically significant. According to the correlation analyses, there was a negative relationship between the tree growth and the precipitation in September and August of the current year as well as the September of the previous year. Notably, temperature was crucial, as there were significant positive relations found between the minimum and maximum temperatures and tree growth. The temperature of the previous year (September, November, and December) as well as the current year (June to November) had a positive correlation with the growth of tree rings. The results indicated that while temperature was favorable for chir pine radial growth practically all months and seasons, summer to post-monsoon precipitation limited tree growth. Furthermore, the increasing average minimum temperature had a more significant relation with the tree ring growth than the average maximum temperature. Our result demonstrated that the growth of subtropicalP. roxburghiiresponded positively to the present scenario of rising temperature and falling precipitation in the study area. This research contributes valuable insights into the complex dynamics of forest ecosystems and their responses to changing environmental conditions. Pinus NepalUsing Nepal Using station 78year 78 1944 (194 2021 created P January December April analyses Notably crucial September, (September November June rings seasons postmonsoon post monsoon Furthermore subtropicalP area conditions 7 194 (19 202 19 (1 20 1 ( 2

ABSTRACT The restoration of mangroves is crucial for preserving their vital role as ecosystems. Facilitation could assist in the restoration of degraded ecosystems, especially during the first life stages. This study investigated how herbaceous species can facilitate the recruitment and growth of Avicennia germinans in a degraded mangrove area undergoing restoration during extremely dry and rainy seasons typical of northeastern Brazil. The research assessed the densities and growth of A. germinans in the presence of Batis maritima and Sesuvium portulacastrum, and without any other plant species as control during the rainy and dry seasons from 2017 to 2019. The area had been previously disturbed by the salt pond industry abandoned since the late 1980s. The results revealed different facilitation mechanisms. S. portulacastrum and B. maritima promoted 2.6 and 1.7 times higher densities of A. germinans than control plots. While B. maritima had significantly faster growth of A. germinans than S. portulacastrum plots, associated with a capacity of decreasing salinity levels, facilitating mangrove seedlings during dry seasons, S. portulacastrum surpassed B. maritima and control plots in terms of density, which can be profitable for mangrove seedlings during extreme rainy seasons of floods. ecosystems stages Brazil A 201 2019 1980s s mechanisms S B 26 2 6 2. 17 1 7 1. levels density floods 20

ABSTRACT Freshwater habitats are among the most degraded environments, with organisms living in multi-stressor conditions. We tested the photosynthetic performance of Oedogonium sp., a freshwater green alga, after exposure to an herbicide combined with temperature increases related to climate change. Treatments were designed by combining nominal concentrations (0.00 or control, 0.05, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L) of tebuthiuron with temperature increases projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the scenarios RCP 4.5 (+2.3 ºC) and RCP 8.5 (+3.4 ºC). Treatment concentrations were determined based on i) the maximum concentration allowed by the US Environmental Protection Agency in water bodies, ii) the recommended application dosage by the manufacturer and iii) a worst-case scenario. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis showed that tebuthiuron concentrations of 0.6 mg/L or higher, regardless of temperature, negatively affected the photosynthetic performance of the alga, with reduced quantum photosynthetic yield associated with increased non-regulated, non-photochemical energy loss. Oxygen evolution curve analyses revealed a significant drop in the photosynthetic rate of Oedogonium sp. under both RCP scenarios in comparison to the scenario without temperature increase, with decreases ranging from 13% to 70% among treatments. Despite the clear negative effects of exposure to both stressors individually, no combined effect was observed. environments multistressor multi stressor conditions sp alga change 0.00 000 0 00 (0.0 control 005 05 0.05 06 6 0. 12 1 2 1. mgL mg L 45 4 5 4. +2.3 23 3 (+2. ºC 85 8 8. +3.4 34 (+3. ºC. . i bodies ii iii worstcase worst case higher nonregulated, nonregulated non regulated, regulated non-regulated nonphotochemical photochemical loss increase 13 70 treatments individually observed 0.0 (0. +2. (+2 +3. (+3 7 (0 +2 (+ +3 ( +