Abstract Introduction: Uruguay had the highest cumulative rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the Americas and a mid-range position concerning mortality. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fatality rates across different socioeconomic sectors has been generally underexplored. Objective: To compare mortality, fatality, and SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in the two subsectors of the healthcare system during 2020, 2021, and 2022 in Uruguay. Materials and methods: Data on the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in Uruguay from 2020 to 2022, disaggregated by public and private healthcare subsectors, were requested from the Ministry of Public Health. Cumulative incidence, mortality, and fatality rates were calculated for each subsector by year. Results: During the analyzed years, annual cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19 in the public subsector were significantly lower compared to the private subsector. Regarding fatality, the proportion was significantly higher in the public subsector than in the private subsector across all years. Global analyses of the main risk factors for severe and fatal infections do not clearly show differences between the subsectors. Conclusions: From a rights-based perspective, unequal outcomes between the two subsectors represent a potential socio-health inequity. However, specific studies analyzing key healthcare variables in both subsectors are needed to confirm this inequity.

Resumo Introdução: O Uruguai foi o país com a maior taxa acumulada de infectados por SARS-CoV-2 nas Américas e, em relação à mortalidade, ocupa uma posição intermediária. O impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na letalidade nos diferentes setores socioeconômicos tem sido pouco estudado de forma geral. Objetivo: Comparar a mortalidade, a letalidade e os casos de infecções por SARS-CoV-2 nos dois subsetores do sistema de saúde durante os anos de 2020, 2021 e 2022 no Uruguai. Materiais e métodos: Foram solicitados ao Ministério da Saúde Pública os dados sobre o número de pessoas infectadas e falecidas por SARS-CoV-2 no país no período de 2020 a 2022, separados por subsetor assistencial público e privado. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência acumulada, mortalidade e letalidade em cada subsetor por ano. Resultados: Durante os anos analisados, as taxas anuais de incidência acumulada de COVID-19 no subsetor público foram significativamente menores em comparação ao subsetor privado. Ao comparar a letalidade, a proporção foi significativamente maior no subsetor público em relação ao privado em todos os anos. A partir da análise dos principais fatores de risco para desenvolver infecções mais graves e letais, definidos globalmente, não se constatam diferenças claras entre os subsetores. Conclusões: De uma perspectiva baseada nos direitos, os resultados desiguais entre os dois subsetores representam uma potencial inequidade socio-sanitária. No entanto, são necessários estudos específicos que analisem as principais variáveis de saúde nos dois subsetores para confirmar essa inequidade.

Resumen Introducción: Uruguay fue el país con mayor tasa acumulada de infectados por SARS-CoV-2 de todas las Américas y con respecto a la mortalidad, se ubica en una zona intermedia. El impacto en la letalidad que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido en los diferentes sectores socioeconómicos ha sido poco estudiado en general. Objetivo: Comparar la mortalidad, letalidad y casos de infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 en los dos subsectores del sistema de salud durante los años 2020, 2021 y 2022 en Uruguay. Material y métodos: Se solicitaron al Ministerio de Salud Pública los datos del número de personas infectadas y fallecidas por SARS-CoV-2 en el país en el período 2020-2022 por subsector asistencial público y privado. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia acumulada, mortalidad y letalidad en cada subsector por año. Resultados: Durante los años analizados, las tasas de incidencia acumulada anuales de COVID-19 en el subsector público fueron significativamente menores en comparación con el subsector privado. Al comparar la letalidad, la proporción en todos los años es significativamente mayor en el subsector público en relación con el subsector privado. A partir del análisis de los principales factores de riesgo para desarrollar una infección más grave y letal definidos a nivel mundial no se desprende con certeza diferencias entre los subsectores. Conclusiones: Desde una perspectiva de derechos, los resultados desiguales en los dos subsectores constituyen una potencial inequidad socio sanitaria. Sin embargo, hacen falta estudios específicos que analicen las principales variables sanitarias en los dos subsectores para poder afirmar esta inequidad.

Resumen: La pandemia por Covid-19 vino a interponer la necesidad de incorporar plataformas digitales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje para dar continuidad a la formación académica. A partir de esta realidad, en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica se optó por una modalidad en línea que ayudara a enfrentar la nueva realidad. Este proceso ha planteado el reto en el profesorado de repensar las estrategias didácticas desde los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, alineadas con el modelo pedagógico de la universidad y la educación a distancia. Ante esto, se propuso una investigación bajo un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño fenomenológico, para analizar cómo el profesorado de la Cátedra de Desarrollo de la Niñez en Edad Preescolar ha logrado un acercamiento con las metodologías activas en su práctica pedagógica y mediática. Los resultados evidenciaron la existencia de un acercamiento a metodologías activas como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y en problemas, el estudio de caso y el aprendizaje cooperativo por medio de las estrategias didácticas implementadas en esta cátedra. No obstante, es necesario promover espacios de capacitación relacionados con esta temática con el objetivo de subsanar algunos vacíos en cuanto a la planificación, aplicación y evaluación de estas metodologías en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje.

Resumo: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe a necessidade de incorporar plataformas digitais nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem para dar continuidade à formação acadêmica. Com base nesta realidade, a Universidade Estadual a Distância da Costa Rica optou por uma modalidade online que ajudaria a enfrentar a nova realidade. Esse processo tem colocado o desafio ao professorado de repensar estratégias didáticas a partir de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, alinhadas ao modelo pedagógico da universidade e da educação a distância. Diante disso, foi proposta uma investigação sob um enfoque qualitativo e um desenho fenomenológico, para analisar como o professorado da Cátedra de Desenvolvimento Infantil em Idade Pré- escolar têm conseguido uma abordagem com metodologias ativas em sua prática pedagógica e midiática. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma abordagem a metodologias ativas como a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e em problemas, estudos de caso e aprendizagem cooperativa através das estratégias didáticas implementadas nesta cadeira. No entanto, é necessário promover espaços de formação relacionados com esta temática com o objetivo de corrigir algumas lacunas ao nível do planeamento, aplicação e avaliação destas metodologias em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need to incorporate digital platforms into the teaching and learning process in order to guarantee the continuity of academic training. Based on this reality, the Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica opted for an online modality to cope with the new situation. This process has been a challenge for the faculty, which has had to rethink teaching strategies in virtual learning environments, in line with the pedagogical model of the university and distance education. In view of this, research with qualitative approach and phenomenological design was proposed to analyze how the faculty of the Chair of Preschool Child Development has managed to incorporate active methodologies in their pedagogical and media practice. The results showed that teachers have approached active methodologies such as project-based and problem-based learning, case studies and cooperative learning through the didactic strategies implemented in this chair. However, it is necessary to promote training spaces related to this topic to fill some gaps in the planning, implementation and evaluation of these methodologies in virtual learning environments.

Resumen: Los profesionales en bibliotecología debieron adaptar la modalidad de teletrabajo o trabajo remoto a las bibliotecas escolares para dar soporte al centro educativo en el aprendizaje del estudiantado. Este estudio se realizó en el año 2020 con profesionales de bibliotecología de las bibliotecas escolares del circuito 04 de la Dirección Regional de Heredia. Con respecto al diseño de la investigación, este se llevó a cabo por medio de la implementación de un cuestionario aplicado en el primer trimestre del 2020, dirigido a profesionales en bibliotecología que ejercen en seis centros educativos que cuentan con existencia de código formal para las bibliotecas del circuito 04, de la Dirección Regional de la provincia de Heredia. Se logró determinar que las plataformas virtuales fueron un aliado para la comunicación directa entre las personas estudiantes, personas docentes y profesionales en bibliotecología, además se logró identificar las diferentes labores realizadas por quienes desempeñaron su trabajo en bibliotecas escolares durante la pandemia. Se identificó que el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para el desarrollo de las actividades realizadas por las bibliotecas escolares constituyó un reto.

Resumo: Os profissionais em biblioteconomia tiveram que adaptar a modalidade de teletrabalho ou trabalho remoto às bibliotecas escolares para apoiar o centro educativo na aprendizagem do estudantado. Este estudo foi realizado em 2020 com profissionais de biblioteconomia das bibliotecas escolares do circuito 04 da Direção Regional de Heredia. A respeito do desenho da investigação, este foi realizado através da aplicação de um questionário aplicado no primeiro trimestre de 2020, dirigido aos profissionais de biblioteconomia que exercem atividade em seis centros educativos que possuem um código formal para bibliotecas do circuito 04, da Direção Regional da província de Heredia. Constatou-se que as plataformas virtuais eram aliadas para a comunicação direta entre as pessoas estudantes, pessoas docentes e profissionais em biblioteconomia, e também foi possível identificar as diferentes tarefas desempenhadas por quem trabalhava nas bibliotecas escolares durante a pandemia. Identificou-se que a utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento das atividades realizadas pelas bibliotecas escolares constituiu um desafio.

Abstract: Librarians had to adapt teleworking to school libraries in order to support the educational center in the learning process of students. This study was carried out in 2020 with librarians of school libraries of Circuit 04 of the Regional Directorate of Heredia. The research design was carried out by means of a questionnaire applied in the first quarter of 2020 to librarians from six educational centers that have a formal code for libraries of Circuit 04 of the Regional Directorate of the province of Heredia. It was found that virtual platforms are fundamental for direct communication between students, teachers and librarians. The different tasks performed by those who worked in school libraries during the pandemic were also identified. The use of technological tools to develop school library activities was a challenge.

Resumen: La pandemia del COVID-19 transformó cada sistema educativo alrededor del mundo. Casi un año después de que la pandemia golpeara Costa Rica y la educación pública presencial fuera sustituida por un modelo de educación a distancia, el Ministerio de Educación Pública decidió implementar un modelo de educación combinada para el 2021, usando clases remotas y presenciales en el que el estudiantado alternara la asistencia a la escuela. El estudio, llevado a cabo en la Dirección Regional de Educación Norte-Norte de Costa Rica; específicamente los cantones de Upala y Guatuso, tuvo como propósito describir las opiniones de seis docentes de inglés de primaria sobre la educación combinada profundizar en la comprensión de la mediación pedagógica y el entorno laboral durante la crisis sanitaria. Este estudio utilizó un enfoque de investigación cualitativa inductiva con un diseño de estudio de caso con datos obtenidos y triangulados mediante entrevistas, recolección de documentos y foto elicitación; el análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante el software ATLAS.ti. A pesar de una implementación teórica de dos modalidades combinadas, los docentes experimentaron múltiples modalidades debido a la asistencia irregular a las clases presenciales y virtuales, la poca conectividad a internet y la decisión de las familias a no enviar a sus hijos a la escuela. También, la gestión educativa y escolar jugaron un rol fundamental en la mediación pedagógica y en la percepción de descontextualización y sobrecarga laboral.

Resumo: A pandemia da COVID-19 transformou todos os sistemas educativos em todo o mundo. Quase um ano depois que a pandemia atingiu a Costa Rica e a educação pública presencial foi substituída por um modelo de educação a distância, o Ministério da Educação Pública decidiu implementar um modelo de educação combinada para 2021, utilizando aulas remotas e presenciais em que o estudantado alternasse a frequência na escola. O estudo, realizado na Direção Regional de Educação Norte-Norte da Costa Rica; especificamente os cantões de Upala e Guatuso, teve o objetivo de descrever as opiniões de seis professores de inglês de primária sobre a educação combinada para aprofundar a compreensão da mediação pedagógica e do ambiente de trabalho durante a crise sanitária. Este estudo utilizou uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa indutiva com design de estudo de caso com dados obtidos e triangulados por meio de entrevistas, coleta de documentos e foto-elicitação; a análise dos dados foi realizada no software ATLAS. ti. Apesar da implementação teórica de duas modalidades combinadas, os professores experimentaram múltiplas modalidades devido à frequência irregular às aulas presenciais e virtuais, à má conectividade à Internet e à decisão das famílias de não enviarem os seus filhos à escola. Além disso, a gestão educativa e escolar teve papel fundamental na mediação pedagógica e na percepção da descontextualização e da sobrecarga de trabalho.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped every educational system worldwide. Almost a year after the pandemic hit Costa Rica obliging classes at public schools to be substituted by a distance education model, the Ministry of Public Education decided to implement a blended-learning model in 2021 which involved both face-to-face and remote teaching, with students alternating school attendance. This study, carried out in the Norte-Norte Educational Directorate in Costa Rica; specifically, the counties of Upala and Guatuso, had the main purpose of describing the perceptions of six primary English teachers regarding the blended model to arrive at a better understanding of the pedagogical methods these employed and the professional context they experienced during the COVID-19 public health crisis. This study used an inductive qualitative approach and implemented a descriptive case-study design in which data were obtained and triangulated via interviews, document gathering, and photo elicitation. Analysis of the data was then carried out using ATLAS.ti software. Despite the supposed implementation of two combined modalities, teachers experienced multiple modalities due to students’ irregular attendance of both face-toface and online classes, lack of internet connectivity, and parents’ fears impacting their decisions regarding sending their children to school. Additionally, education authorities and school management played key roles with regard to the pedagogical methods employed and the perception of decontextualization and work overload.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on food security worldwide. Colombian farmers were adversely affected by prolonged periods of lockdown, disruptions in the agricultural supply chain, increased poverty levels, and heightened socioeconomic uncertainty. The objective of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of pea producers with regard to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, and ex-ante (2019) and ex-post (2020-2022) diagnostic analysis was conducted in the south of Nariño. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 35 farmers, four key informants, and three focus groups. A sentiment analysis (text mining) was conducted to process sensitive information on environmental, economic, and intrinsic aspects of the productive system. The results revealed that participants maintained constant levels of happiness and confidence across the two-time periods. However, in the period subsequent to the pandemic, higher levels of anger and sadness were reported, attributed to effects of the pandemic itself and the inherent challenges associated with pea cultivation. The implementation of confinement measures resulted in an increase in feelings of uncertainty and sadness, in addition too the emergence of challenges in fieldwork context. Moreover, the increased production costs were attributed to the greater demand for agricultural inputs and labour in 2020. However, in 2022, the increased the price paid per kilogram of pea grains helped mitigate the adverse impact of the pandemic. The study concludes that the econ economic uncertainty introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic affected crop profitability. Nevertheless, small-scale farmers exhibited remarkable resilience and adaptability, allowing them to persist in growing and selling their pea harvest.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la seguridad alimentaria en todo el mundo. El agricultor colombiano se vio afectado por bloqueos prolongados, interrupciones en la cadena de suministro agrícola, mayores niveles de pobreza y una mayor incertidumbre socioeconómica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la percepción de los productores de arveja sobre el COVID-19, realiza un diagnóstico ex ante (2019) y ex post (2020-2022) en el sur de Nariño. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 35 agricultores, 4 informantes clave y 3 grupos focales. A través de un análisis de sentimiento (Text Mining) se procesó información sensible sobre aspectos ambientales, económicos e intrínsecos del sistema productivo. Los resultados revelaron que los participantes mantuvieron niveles constantes de felicidad y confianza durante dos períodos de tiempo. Sin embargo, en el período posterior a la COVID-19, se informaron niveles más altos de ira y tristeza, atribuidos a los efectos de la pandemia y los desafíos inherentes asociados con el cultivo de arvejas o guisantes. Las medidas de confinamiento intensificaron los sentimientos de incertidumbre y tristeza, además de desafíos en el trabajo de campo. Asimismo, atribuyeron el aumento de los costos de producción a la mayor demanda de insumos agrícolas y mano de obra en 2020. Sin embargo, en 2022, el aumento del precio pagado por kilogramo de granos de arvejas ayudó a mitigar el impacto adverso de la pandemia. El estudio concluye que la COVID-19 introdujo incertidumbre económica en la región y, en consecuencia, afectó la rentabilidad de los cultivos. Sin embargo, los pequeños agricultores mostraron una notable resiliencia y adaptabilidad, lo que les permitió persistir en el cultivo y venta de su cosecha de guisantes.

Abstract This article examines research and development (R&D) funding, the advance purchase of COVID-19 vaccines and the complex contracts that states signed with pharmaceutical companies. Drawing on information from the Centre for Global Health and the European Court of Auditors, the findings suggest that pharmaceutical companies obtained public funds for vaccine development and took advantage of their privileged position to impose contractual clauses on countries, including production/distribution conditions and compensation for vaccine side effects. The findings suggest that the big winners during the pandemic were the pharmaceutical companies, that states did not benefit from the investment made in R&D, and that some Latin American countries accepted contractual impositions, including maintaining the confidentiality and non-disclosure of contracts.

Resumen Este artículo examina el financiamiento para la investigación y el desarrollo (I+D), la compra anticipada de vacunas contra la covid-19 y los contratos complejos que los Estados firmaron con las empresas farmacéuticas. A partir de información del Centro de Salud Global y el Tribunal de Cuentas Europeo, los hallazgos apuntan a que las farmacéuticas obtuvieron fondos públicos para el desarrollo de vacunas y aprovecharon su posición privilegiada para imponer cláusulas contractuales a los países. Las condiciones de la producción/distribución y las indemnizaciones por efectos secundarios de la vacuna son algunas de las cláusulas. Las conclusiones sugieren que los grandes ganadores durante la pandemia fueron las farmacéuticas, que los Estados no obtuvieron beneficios por la inversión realizada en la I+D y que algunos países de América Latina aceptaron imposiciones contractuales, entre ellas, mantener la confidencialidad y reserva de los contratos.

Abstract This study examines how economic shocks affected food insecurity between 2020-2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using ENCOVID-19 Longitudinal database, changes in food insecurity within households from 2020 to 2021 were analyzed. The effects of economic shocks on food insecurity were assessed, including job loss, income reduction, catastrophic health expenditures, and indebtedness. The results indicate that job loss and income reduction increased the likelihood of worsening food insecurity by 10 % - 19 %. Catastrophic health expenditures had a smaller effect, while indebtedness in 2021 raised the odds of worsening food insecurity by 12 % - 23 %. It was confirmed that multiple economic shocks raise the probability of exacerbating food insecurity. These findings underscore the need to address socioeconomic impacts to alleviate food insecurity during the pandemic.

Resumen El estudio examina cómo los efectos de los shocks económicos afectaron la inseguridad alimentaria (IA) entre 2020 y 2021, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Utilizando la base de datos ENCOVID-19 Longitudinal se analizó cómo cambió la IA en hogares entre 2020 y 2021. Se examinaron los efectos de shocks económicos en la IA, evaluando pérdida de empleo, reducción de ingresos, gastos de salud catastróficos y endeudamiento. Los resultados muestran que la pérdida de empleo y la disminución de ingresos aumentaron la probabilidad de agravar la IA en un 10 % - 19 %. Los gastos catastróficos en salud tuvieron un efecto menor. El endeudamiento en 2021 incrementó las probabilidades de empeorar la IA en un 12 % - 23 %. Se confirmó que múltiples shocks económicos aumentan la probabilidad de empeorar la IA. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de abordar los impactos socioeconómicos para mitigar la inseguridad alimentaria durante la pandemia.

Resumen Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Abstract Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Resumo Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo sin precedentes en el bienestar mental de las mujeres, especialmente de las madres. Este artículo propone el concepto de “resiliencia al burnout” e introduce el “apoyo estructural” como variable que influye en el burnout laboral de las madres ejecutivas. Existen diferentes tipos de apoyos que promueven la resiliencia, en este caso estudiamos el estructural, el organizacional y el familiar. Examinamos la influencia de los tres tipos de apoyo: estructurales, organizacionales y familiares que permiten la resiliencia en un escenario de desastre como la pandemia. Se destaca la importancia de asegurar apoyos organizacionales y estructurales en las políticas públicas y en las empresas para desarrollar resiliencia cuando se experimenta burnout, en especial en catástrofes naturales, ambientes de guerra, entre otros. La investigación tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el grado de estrés laboral entre 704 madres ejecutivas durante la pandemia, utilizando el Maslach Burnout Inventory General. El método de recolección de datos empleado fue una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico tipo bola de nieve y las hipótesis se comprobaron mediante la prueba t de comparación de medias y el análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA). Los resultados mostraron la relación entre los apoyos organizativos, familiares y estructurales y el burnout, asimismo reveló que el apoyo organizativo y estructural atenuaba el efecto del burnout, mientras que el apoyo familiar no lo hacía. También las madres ejecutivas experimentaron más burnout durante la pandemia COVID-19 que en épocas anteriores.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented negative impact on women’s mental well-being, especially on mothers. This article proposes the concept of “burnout resilience” and introduces “structural support” as a variable that influences job burnout in women, mothers working in executive positions. Different support measures may promote resilience: in this case, the structural, organizational, and family-related. The study focuses on resilience enablers in a disaster scenario like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study highlights the relevance for public policy and organizations of ensuring organizational and structural support that contributes to develop resilience for mitigating burnout, especially during natural catastrophe periods and war environments, among other negative scenarios. The investigation aimed to quantify job burnout among 704 executive mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory General survey. The data-collection method employed was a non-probabilistic snowball sampling technique, and the hypotheses were tested using a comparison of means t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed the relationship between job burnout and organizational, familial, and structural support. The findings also reveal that organizational and structural support attenuated burnout, while familial support is not correlated with burnout mitigation. Moreover, compared to the pre-pandemic period, executive mothers seemed to have experienced an increase in burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, several working-class neighborhoods in the City of Buenos Aires have experienced a specific policing strategy, which includes, among other elements, the deployment of federal military forces. Objective: This article examines the role of the Neighbourhood Prevention Units of the Argentine National Gendarmerie in two working-class neighborhoods of Buenos Aires during the mobility restrictions imposed between May 2020 and June 2021 to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Methodology: Utilizing a quantitative approach based on the statistical analysis of police incident records, this study aims to describe the impact of proximity policing deployments in highly socially vulnerable contexts and to account for the transformations in policing practices brought about by the public health emergency. Conclusions: The findings reveal that law enforcement officers experienced an increased workload due to population control and public health enforcement responsibilities in the context of the pandemic. Additionally, the study describes practices associated with conflict resolution and addressing social demands and issues, which extend beyond crime suppression and the social control of marginalized populations, a type of work that became particularly prominent during the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: algunos barrios populares de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires tienen desde hace unos años un policiamiento específico que incluye, entre otras cosas, el despliegue de fuerzas federales de carácter militar. Objetivo: este artículo examina el papel de las Unidades de Prevención Barrial de la Gendarmería Nacional Argentina en dos barrios populares de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante las restricciones de movilidad impuestas entre mayo de 2020 y junio de 2021 para mitigar la propagación del COVID-19. Metodología: a través de una metodología cuantitativa basada en el análisis estadístico de registros de incidencias policiales, buscamos describir el impacto de los despliegues policiales de proximidad en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social y dar cuenta de las transformaciones en las prácticas policiales impuestas a raíz de la emergencia sanitaria. Conclusiones: el estudio muestra, en relación con la pandemia, una sobrecarga de trabajo de los efectivos vinculada a tareas de control poblacional y sanitaria. Por otro lado, se describen un conjunto de prácticas vinculadas a la resolución de conflictos y atención de demandas y problemáticas sociales que desbordan el accionar vinculado a la represión de delitos penales y el control social de poblaciones subalternas, un trabajo que fue especialmente visibilizado durante la pandemia.

RESUMO O período gestacional é caracterizado por alterações fisiológicas que acarretam desfechos que evoluem negativamente. A pandemia de covid-19 teve altas taxas de óbito em mulheres no mundo. Este estudo objetivou analisar as repercussões da pandemia de covid-19 no perfil epidemiológico da Mortalidade Materna. Trata-se de um estudo transversal comparativo entre os períodos anterior (2018-2019) e inicial da pandemia de covid-19 (2020-2021). Os dados foram coletados da base da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Mato Grosso do Sul e analisados no R-Studio. Foram analisadas 118 mortes maternas. 51 ocorreram entre 2018-2019 e 67 entre 2020-2021. A razão de Mortalidade Materna passou de 57,97 para 80,25. Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos aumentaram de 1774,41 para 2237,34. Puérperas tiveram elevadas taxas de mortalidade. A doença respiratória teve razão de prevalência de 2,18 (IC=1,34-3,52) para o período de 2020-2021, quando comparado com 2018-2019. Os resultados evidenciam a vulnerabilidade das mulheres no ciclo gravídico puerperal às doenças com alto contágio e com virulência elevada, como a covid-19. A ampliação de acesso ocasiona prevenção de óbitos evitáveis, que desencadeiam repercussões sociais e econômicas negativas para toda a população.

ABSTRACT The gestational period is characterized by physiological changes that lead to outcomes that evolve negatively. The COVID-19 pandemic had high death rates in women worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological profile of maternal mortality. This is a cross-sectional study comparing the previous (2018-2019) and initial periods of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Data were collected from the base of the Mato Grosso do Sul State Health Secretariat and analyzed in R-Studio. 118 maternal deaths were analyzed. 51 occurred between 2018-2019 and 67 between 2020-2021. The Maternal Mortality ratio increased from. 57.97 to 80.25. Potential Years of Life Lost increased from 1774.41 to 2237.34. Postpartum women had high mortality rates. Respiratory disease had a prevalence ratio of 2.18 (CI=1.34-3.52) for the 2020-2021 period, when compared to 2018-2019. The results show the vulnerability of women in the puerperal pregnancy cycle to diseases with high contagion and high virulence, such as COVID-19. The expansion of access leads to the prevention of avoidable deaths, which trigger negative social and economic repercussions for the entire population.

ABSTRACT This article introduces the Discourse of Collective Affirmation (DCA) as a participatory research tool, showcasing its application in understanding and documenting pandemic living experiences within a favela. The resulting DCA, composed of texts and photographs provided by residents, contextualizes the pandemic, illustrates community care practices, highlights challenges faced by children and adolescents, and examines the benefits and difficulties of living with other-than-human animals. By incorporating residents’ texts and images into a discourse that they reviewed and approved, the process expanded the repertoire for understanding pandemic living experiences while facilitating the production of affirmative, informative, and advocacy-oriented material.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta o Discurso Coletivo de Afirmação (DCA) como ferramenta de pesquisa participativa, exemplificando seu uso para compreender e documentar vivências da pandemia numa favela. O DCA resultante, composto por textos e fotos dos moradores, contextualiza a pandemia, descreve a gestão do cuidado comunitário, identifica desafios particulares com relação a crianças e adolescentes, além de explorar benefícios e dificuldades do convívio com animais outros-que-humanos. A utilização de textos e imagens dos moradores, num discurso revisado e aprovado por eles, aumentou o repertório disponível para aprofundar o conhecimento das vivências da pandemia, além de permitir a produção de um material afirmativo, informativo e reivindicativo.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how academics at a South African higher education institution (HEI) adapted to emergency remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it affected their mental well-being. Using a concurrent mixed methods equal status design, an online survey was completed by 248 academics, which included demographic data, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to measure mental well-being, and open-ended questions. Slightly more than one half of academics (54.1 per cent) reported losing much sleep and 81.4 per cent reported that they were under stress. Further, 28.6 per cent of participants had feelings of being unhappy or depressed and 31.1 per cent reported losing confidence. Almost one third of academics (31.9 per cent) had GHQ-12 threshold scores above 3 that is indicative of a mental health problem. A principal components analysis yielded two sub-scales: Perceived Mental Health (distress/anxiety) and Adaptive Behaviours (social function). In our study, being a woman, permanently employed, not having children, and being a lecturer were associated with lower perceived mental health; also, being permanently employed and living alone were associated with lower adaptive behaviours. In the context of ongoing online learning pedagogies and working from home, the mental well-being of academics in HEIs should be effectively supported, with differentiated/tailored/personalised approaches.

Online education has been proven by several scholars as a convenient, flexible, and successful means of teaching and learning. Given the rate of student dropout in online learning, and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, this study explored the barriers to online students' learning support services. A qualitative research approach was applied, and a non-empirical methodological approach was adopted. In this case, literature sources were reviewed to identify the barriers to online learning support services. One hundred articles related to e-learning were downloaded from Google Scholar, 80 of the articles were deemed irrelevant and discarded, and 20 articles were analyzed and used for this study. During the analysis, multiple barriers to online learning were identified and documented, and related barriers were later grouped into themes. Findings depict that the barriers to online learning as being personal constraints, enabling conditions, social interactions, pedagogy, technology, and motivational issues. The study, therefore, recommends that institutions providing online teaching in South Africa, and in other parts of the world, should ensure that there is adequate communication between students and academics. The study further provides appropriate recommendations to alleviate online learning barriers identified by the study. These institutions must guide and offer comprehensive motivation to ensure each student will learn with utmost enthusiasm.

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated swift changes to remote teaching and learning. This study explored the experiences of student support champions comprising teaching assistants, tutors, mentors, and retention officers) in providing affective and content support via remote modalities to first-year students. The study focused on insights gained during remote learning. This adaptation to change speaks to resilience thinking, 'being able to withstand or overcome adversity and unpleasant events and successfully adapt to change and uncertainty'. Learning to be resilient and adaptable to rise above challenges, is simultaneously transformative to create new ways of thinking to deal with current situations. This study resides within the interpretivist paradigm and draws on the subjective experiences and understandings of research participants within a university of technology. Surveys were conducted to garner insights and experiences and were analysed according to emergent themes of challenges, improvements, and future practices. Data revealed that despite the demands placed on student support champions, they managed to cope with their studies and acquired attributes, dispositions, and values beyond the formal curriculum. Thus the study shows that times of complexity present opportunities for resilience and transformation to changing circumstances.