In this work, the innovation process to take chemical technologies born in universities to the market is described. The discussion is structured on the stages: research/science, patenting, opportunity evaluation, scale-up and proof of concept that lead to two possible outputs: technology transfer or startup creation. The work also describes the activities of Escalab, a UFMG technology lab, in the innovation process: technological mapping/R&D for the industry, technology scale up, technology acceleration, open innovation programs with industry and the program “go-to-market” for the insertion of chemical startups in market. It is expected that this experience should motivate academic chemistry researchers to push their technologies to the market. described stages researchscience research science research/science patenting evaluation scaleup up outputs creation Escalab lab mappingRD mapping R D acceleration gotomarket go “go-to-market

To discover new bisamide compounds with insecticidal and fungicidal activities, 19 novel cyproflanilide derivatives containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole group were designed and synthesized according to the principle of biologically active factor splicing. Preliminary biological assay data indicated that the majority of target compounds demonstrated significant insecticidal activity against Lepidopteran pests. Meanwhile, compounds 5p and 5q showed 97.22 and 100% lethality against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 400 mg L-1, which were better than cyproflanilide (41.11% at 400 mg L-1). In addition, it is exciting that we have achieved our initial goals as some of the target compounds exhibited both insecticidal and fungicidal activities. For instance, compounds 5b and 5c showed 59.26 and 74.07% fungicidal activities against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1, as well as 100% insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and armyworm at 100 mg L-1. Compound 5h showed 100% insecticidal activity against armyworm at 10 mg L-1, and also displayed 66.67% fungicidal activity against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1. The inhibition rate of compounds 5l and 5s against Cucumber downy mildew reached 88.89 and 96.30% at 400 mg L-1. This work showed the effectively fungicidal application of 1,2,4-oxadiazole group in bisamide compounds and provides insights for optimal structural design. 1 1,2,4oxadiazole 124oxadiazole oxadiazole 1,2,4 2 4 splicing pests Meanwhile p q 9722 97 22 97.2 40 L1, L1 L 1, L-1 41.11% 4111 41 11 (41.11 L1. . L-1) addition instance b c 5926 59 26 59.2 7407 74 07 74.07 1. h 6667 66 67 66.67 l s 8889 88 89 88.8 9630 96 30 96.30 design 4oxadiazole 124 1,2, 972 9 97. L- 41.11 411 (41.1 592 5 59. 740 7 0 74.0 666 6 66.6 888 8 88. 963 3 96.3 12 1,2 41.1 (41. 74. 66. 96. 41. (41 (4 (

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a produção científica acerca da aplicação do Practical Approach to Care Kit Adulto no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados PubMed®, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline® e Cinahl em 17 de julho de 2023. Foram incluídos artigos que evidenciam o uso do Practical Approach to Care Kit Adulto no processo de trabalho de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde, em países onde essa tecnologia foi implementada, no formato de estudos originais, relato de caso, artigos de opinião e revisão. Foram excluídos os artigos que tratavam das versões antigas do Practical Approach to Care Kit ou não detalham a forma de uso da tecnologia; se caracterizavam como editoriais, comentários, notícias, resumos de congressos, protocolos de pesquisa, teses e dissertações ou estavam indisponíveis na íntegra. A análise do risco de viés dos estudos foi realizada em dupla, utilizando os checklists do Joanna Briggs Institute para estudos qualitativos, de opinião e ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados Foram selecionados seis artigos que evidenciaram o uso do Practical Approach to Care Kit enquanto uma tecnologia de apoio à tomada de decisão clínica do enfermeiro. Também se destacou sua aplicação em ações de educação permanente da equipe nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão Esta revisão contribui com o campo de conhecimento de enfermagem em saúde pública ao evidenciar o uso de uma tecnologia inovadora e de baixo custo no processo de cuidado dos enfermeiros. Saúde PubMed PubMed® EMBASE Scopus Science Medline 1 2023 implementada originais caso editoriais comentários notícias congressos pesquisa íntegra dupla qualitativos randomizados 202 20 2

Abstract Objective To analyze scientific production about the Practical Approach to Care Kit Adult application in nurses’ work process in Primary Health Care. Methods A systematic review carried out in the PubMed®, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE® and CINAHL databases on July 17, 2023. Articles were included that demonstrate the Practical Approach to Care Kit Adult use in nurses’ work process in Primary Health Care, in countries where this technology has been implemented in the format of original studies, case reports, opinion articles and reviews. Articles that dealt with old versions of the Practical Approach to Care Kit or did not detail how the technology was used, were characterized as editorials, comments, news, conference abstracts, research protocols, theses and dissertations or were unavailable in full were excluded. The analysis of the risk of bias of studies was carried out in pairs, using the JBI checklists for qualitative studies, opinion and randomized clinical trials. Results Six articles were selected that highlighted the Practical Approach to Care Kit use as a technology to support nurses’ clinical decision-making. Its application in permanent education actions of the teams in Primary Health Care services also stood out. Conclusion This review contributes to public health nursing knowledge by highlighting the use of an innovative and low-cost technology in nurses’ care process. nurses PubMed PubMed® EMBASE Scopus Science MEDLINE 17 2023 reports reviews used editorials comments news abstracts protocols excluded pairs trials decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making lowcost low cost 1 202 20 2

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la producción científica sobre la aplicación del Practical Approach to Care Kit adulto en el proceso de trabajo de enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos PubMed®, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline® y Cinahl el 17 de julio de 2023. Se incluyeron artículos que demostraron el uso del Practical Approach to Care Kit adulto en el proceso de trabajo de enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud, en países donde se implementó esta tecnología, en formato de estudios originales, relatos de caso, artículos de opinión y revisión. Se excluyeron los artículos que utilizaron versiones anteriores del Practical Approach to Care Kit o no detallaron la forma de uso de la tecnología, se caracterizaron como editoriales, comentarios, noticias, resúmenes de congresos, protocolos de investigación, tesis de doctorado y de maestría o los que no estaban disponibles en su totalidad. El análisis de riesgo de sesgo de los estudios se realizó en pares, utilizando las checklists del Joanna Briggs Institute para estudios cualitativos, de opinión y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados Se seleccionaron seis artículos que demostraron el uso del Practical Approach to Care Kit como una tecnología de soporte a la toma de decisiones clínicas de los enfermeros. También se destacó su aplicación en acciones de educación permanente del equipo de los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusión Esta revisión contribuye con el campo de conocimiento de enfermería en salud pública porque demuestra el uso de una tecnología innovadora y de bajo costo en el proceso de cuidado de los enfermeros. Open Science Framework: 10.17605/OSF.IO/J3TZ6 Salud PubMed PubMed® EMBASE Scopus Medline 1 2023 originales caso editoriales comentarios noticias congresos investigación totalidad pares cualitativos aleatorizados Framework 1017605OSFIOJ3TZ6 OSFIOJTZ 10 17605 OSF IO J3TZ6 J TZ 10.17605/OSF.IO/J3TZ 202 OSFIOJ 1017605OSFIOJ3TZ 1760 JTZ J3TZ 20 176 2

This paper presents the stages of an acceleration program focused on chemical technologies. We demonstrate how this initiative contributes to the creation of new businesses, startups, and technology licensing from research developed at Brazilian universities. The case of the program Escale-se is discussed. There were 66 technologies submitted, and 14 were selected for the pre-acceleration phase. In this phase, various contents were worked on, such as creating a business model and aspects of scaling hard-science technologies. Teams were evaluated by panels with market specialists, and 6 were selected for the second phase: pre-scaling/proof of concept. Here, proponents were encouraged to validate the business model by connecting with potential clients and partners, as well as planning the development and testing of the product in a relevant environment. Finally, one team was classified for the last stage: scaling/go-to-market - where they received R$ 100,000.00 to scale up their technology and create strategies for raising investments. Four of the fourteen technologies selected for the program opened National Register of Legal Entities (CNPJ) and raised approximately R$ 4.5 M in investments from different sources. These results demonstrate that the methodology contributed to the entrepreneurial development of participating researchers and the raising of funds for the businesses created. startups universities Escalese Escale se discussed submitted 1 preacceleration pre phase hardscience hard science specialists prescaling/proof prescalingproof scaling/proof proof concept Here partners environment Finally stage scaling/gotomarket scalinggotomarket scaling/go go R 10000000 100 000 00 100,000.0 CNPJ (CNPJ 45 4 5 4. sources created prescaling scalingproof gotomarket scalinggo 1000000 10 0 100,000. 100000 100,000 10000 100,00 1000 100,0 100,

In order to extract hesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. through green and efficient ways, a novel method based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) assisted extraction has been developed. Compared to known alkali extraction and acid precipitation or organic solvent (ethanol, methanol) extraction, this new DES system of choline chloride/diethanolamine (DES-14) method exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for hesperidin. Under optimal conditions, the extraction yield of hesperidin reached 6.26 ± 0.05%. Further studies with infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and density functional theory showed the DES-14 was formed mainly through the interaction of H-bond and van der Waals forces. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and density functional theory revealed the strong dissolving capacity, and the H-bond formation between DES-14 and hesperidin, as well as van der Waals forces all contributed to efficient extraction of hesperidin. The results provide a new strategy for efficient extraction and utilization of hesperidin in Citrus. L ways (DES developed ethanol, ethanol (ethanol methanol chloridediethanolamine chloride diethanolamine DES14 14 (DES-14 conditions 626 6 26 6.2 005 0 05 0.05% spectroscopy H resonance DES-1 Hbond bond addition capacity DES1 1 (DES-1 62 2 6. 00 0.05 DES- (DES- 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the role of Artificial Intelligence in the broader context of China’s development strategy, marked by the quest to move to a less capital and more knowledge-intensive model. Chinese Science, Technology, and Innovation policies are discussed, emphasizing endogenous innovation and Artificial Intelligence’s role in this context. Furthermore, some indicators are analyzed to compare China’s current position with other countries, particularly the United States, in terms of Artificial Intelligence knowledge generation, technology development, and business involvement. Chinas China s strategy knowledgeintensive intensive model Science Technology discussed Intelligences Furthermore countries States generation involvement

RESUMO Este artigo analisa o papel da Inteligência Artificial dentro da estratégia geral de desenvolvimento econômico da China contemporânea, marcada pela busca por transitar para um modelo menos intensivo em capital e recursos e mais intensivo em conhecimento. As políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação chinesas são analisadas, destacando a importância crescente da inovação endógena e o papel da Inteligência Artificial dentro deste contexto. Além disso, o artigo apresenta indicadores que buscam avaliar a atual posição da China em comparação com outros países no cenário internacional, em especial os Estados Unidos, considerando a geração de conhecimento científico, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e o envolvimento do setor empresarial. contemporânea Ciência analisadas contexto disso internacional Unidos científico empresarial

RESUMEN En la actualidad las organizaciones deben hacer frente a numerosos riesgos, dada la multitud de actividades que se desarrollan diariamente en un entorno dinámico e incierto, por lo que se hace necesario perfeccionar los modelos de gestión en función de lograr mejoras en su desempeño organizacional. El objetivo de la propuesta que se presenta es una metodología para la gestión de riesgo basado en las normas ISO 31000 en una entidad de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Se emplearon varios métodos y técnicas que permitieron transitar desde el análisis de los fundamentos teóricos y conceptuales que permitieron presentar la metodológica, emergiendo como un instrumento para coordinar y realizar las acciones necesarias para reducir vulnerabilidades para prevenir, mitigar, atender y recuperar efectos negativos.

ABSTRACT Currently, organizations must face numerous risks, given the multitude of activities that are carried out daily in a dynamic and uncertain environment, which makes it necessary to improve management models in order to achieve improvements in their organizational performance. The objective of the proposal presented is a risk management methodology based on ISO 31000 standards in a science, technology and innovation entity. Several methods and techniques were used that allowed to move from the analysis of the theoretical and conceptual foundations that allowed to present the methodology, emerging as an instrument to coordinate and carry out the necessary actions to reduce vulnerabilities to prevent, mitigate, attend and recover negative effects.

Abstract Considering the cultural context of Vietnamese society, this article explores the influence of mental barriers regarding the traditional role of women and its impact on their possibilities to participate in scientific activities. Vietnam is a country that has promoted scientific and technological activities and the strengthening of a national innovation system as a critical element on its path to development. These actions have made it possible to shore up economic growth that began with opening up and economic reform. In this way, Vietnam has achieved some critical achievements in the economic and social fields. However, reducing the gender gap in scientific activities is still a vital challenge, although the government has taken significant measures to overcome it. The article analyzes the relationship between women in science in Vietnam and the gender stereotype based on data collected through reports of international organizations, news reports, and other relevant data. The principal argument is that this situation results from the mental barriers of Vietnamese society that present strong stereotypes regarding the role of women. Therefore, to advance gender equality, changing the mental stereotypes still present in Vietnamese culture is necessary.

Resumen En este artículo se explora la influencia de las barreras mentales respecto al papel tradicional de las mujeres y su impacto en sus posibilidades de participar en actividades científicas, considerando el contexto cultural de la sociedad vietnamita. Vietnam es un país que ha impulsado las actividades científicas y tecnológicas y el fortalecimiento de un sistema nacional de innovación como elemento crítico en su camino hacia el desarrollo. Estas acciones han permitido apuntalar el crecimiento económico que comenzó con el proceso de reforma y apertura económica. De esta manera, Vietnam ha obtenido algunos logros significativos en los aspectos económicos y sociales. Sin embargo, reducir la brecha de género en las actividades científicas sigue siendo un desafío vital, aunque el Gobierno ha tomado medidas importantes para superarlo. En el artículo se analiza la relación entre las mujeres en la ciencia en Vietnam y el estereotipo de género a partir de datos recopilados a través de informes de organizaciones internacionales, reportajes noticiosos y otros documentos relevantes. El argumento principal es que la brecha de género en las actividades científicas es resultado de las barreras mentales de la sociedad vietnamita, que presentan fuertes estereotipos sobre el papel de la mujer. Por lo tanto, para avanzar en la igualdad de género es necesario cambiar los estereotipos mentales aún presentes en la cultura vietnamita.

ABSTRACT The development of the analysis focuses on identifying a set of effective practices that contribute to improving sustainability in the special coffee supply chain. Methodologically the analysis is based on a thematic content analysis exercise in a corpus evaluated through a constructed indicator that allows measuring the structural impact of scientific articles in the Web of Science database. As a result, three categories of analysis were identified for the practices, which include multiple dimensions of analysis: Technology and sustainable production processes; Environmental impact and coffee quality; and Consumer behavior and added value. From these findings, it contributes to answering how production, marketing, and consumption practices of special coffees can be improved to achieve greater sustainability in the international market supply chain. JEL CLASSIFICATION: D12,Q01,Q13,Q57

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da análise se concentra na identificação de um conjunto de práticas eficazes que contribuem para melhorar a sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos de cafés especiais. Metodologicamente, a análise baseia-se em um exercício de análise de conteúdo temático em um corpus avaliado por meio de um indicador construído para medir o impacto estrutural de artigos científicos na base de dados Web of Science. Como resultado, foram identificadas três categorias de análise para as práticas que incluem várias dimensões de análise: Tecnologia e processos de produção sustentáveis; Impacto ambiental e qualidade do café; e Comportamento do consumidor e valor agregado. Com base nessas descobertas, o estudo contribui para responder como as práticas de produção, marketing e consumo de cafés especiais podem ser aprimoradas para alcançar maior sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos no mercado internacional. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: D12,Q01,Q13,Q57

RESUMEN El desarrollo del análisis se centra en identificar un conjunto de prácticas efectivas que contribuyan a mejorar la sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro de cafés especiales. Metodológicamente, el análisis se fundamenta en un ejercicio de análisis de contenido temático en un corpus evaluado a través de un indicador construido que permite medir el impacto estructural de artículos científicos en la base de datos de Web of Science. Como resultado, se identificaron tres categorías de análisis para las prácticas que incluyen múltiples dimensiones de análisis: Tecnología y procesos de producción sostenible; Impacto ambiental y calidad del café; y, Comportamiento del consumidor y valor agregado. A partir de estos hallazgos, se contribuye a responder cómo se pueden mejorar las prácticas de producción, comercialización y consumo de cafés especiales para lograr una mayor sostenibilidad en la cadena de suministro en el mercado internacional. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: DI2,Q01,Q13,Q57

Abstract Cuba is increasingly promoting innovation and productive chains as paths to development. In this context, the health sector is a prioritized area. Objective: To describe the experience of developing productive chains supporting the creation of biomedical innovation projects. Methodology: As part of a case study, theoretical and empirical methods were used to identify lines of research in the medical university with potential for chain value, to assess limitations in the design of this type of project to review the literature and analyze methodological proposals related to the topic, structuring a methodological guide, and describing the design of two biomedical research. Key Findings: The focus on productive chains allowed the integration of productive actors and scientific entities to generate products of greater value, resulting from biomedical research. Conclusions: The experience shows benefits to the development of scientific, productive, and technological capabilities of the local health system by means of university-business relationships.

Resumo Cuba aposta cada vez mais na inovação e nas cadeias produtivas como meio de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, o setor de saúde é uma área prioritária. Objetivo: Ilustrar experiências no desenvolvimento de projetos de cadeias produtivas como uma contribuição para a inovação biomédica. Metodologia: Como parte de um estudo de caso, foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos para identificar linhas de pesquisa com potencial para gerar cadeias de valor; para avaliar as limitações na elaboração desse tipo de projeto; para revisar a literatura sobre propostas metodológicas sobre o assunto; para estruturar um guia metodológico que nos permitisse descrever, na prática, a elaboração de duas pesquisas biomédicas. Principais resultados: A abordagem de cadeias produtivas permitiu a integração de atores produtivos e entidades científicas para gerar produtos de maior valor resultantes da pesquisa biomédica. Conclusões: Esta experiência demonstra benefícios no desenvolvimento de capacidades científicas, produtivas e tecnológicas do sistema de saúde no território por meio da relação universidade-empresa.

Resumen Cuba apuesta cada vez más por la innovación y los encadenamientos productivos como vías de desarrollo. En este contexto, el sector de la salud constituye un ámbito priorizado. Objetivo: Ilustrar experiencias en el desarrollo de proyectos de encadenamiento productivo como contribución a la innovación biomédica. Metodología: Como parte de un estudio de caso, se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos para identificar líneas de investigación con potencialidades para generar cadenas de valor, valorar limitaciones en el diseño de este tipo de proyectos, revisar la literatura sobre propuestas metodológicas relativas al tema y estructurar una guía metodológica que permitiera describir, en la práctica, el diseño de dos investigaciones biomédicas. Resultados principales: El enfoque hacia encadenamientos productivos permitió la integración de actores productivos y entidades de ciencia para generar productos de mayor valor, resultantes de la investigación biomédica. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia demuestra beneficios en el desarrollo de capacidades científicas, productivas y tecnológicas del sistema de salud en el territorio a través de la relación universidad-empresa.

SIGNIFICANCE: This article demonstrates how SAJS has played a significant role in validating and documenting scientific breakthroughs in chemistry, among other disciplines. As a central discipline, chemistry has contributed to economic and industrial growth in manufacturing, mining, health, food, water, energy and other industry sectors. The discipline supports the implementation of nearly 12 of the 17 United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Chemistry through research and innovation, will continue to play a significant role in responding to emerging technologies that drive industrial revolution, with artificial intelligence as one of the enablers.

RESUMEN En 2011, la Unión Europea lanzó la aproximación de Investigación e Innovación Responsables (RRI - Responsible Research and Innovation) para promover la investigación y innovación responsables en diversos sectores, como la salud, la industria y la educación. Aunque se ha aplicado en la educación, aún no se ha definido una metodología específica. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión de la literatura que exploró la implementación de RRI a través de la metodología llamada Islote Interdisciplinario de la Racionalidad (IIR) de Gérard Fourez (1997), basada en datos de ocho bases de datos. Los hallazgos sugieren que la IIR puede respaldar una educación en ciencias que atienda las necesidades de la sociedad y motive a los estudiantes a involucrarse críticamente en la resolución de problemas relacionados con la ciencia y la tecnología. De esta manera, el desarrollo de la IIR parece ser coherente con los principios de la RRI.

ABSTRACT In 2011, the European Union introduced the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach to advance research and innovation by considering various social actors and promoting responsible engagement in addressing increasingly complex societal issues. This approach is being implemented in various sectors, including healthcare, industries, and education. Despite its application in education, there is no defined methodology. Therefore, this article presents the results of a literature review encompassing eight databases to explore the application of RRI through the Interdisciplinary Island of Rationality (IIR) methodology by Gérard Fourez (1997). The findings from these studies propose a science education that caters to the needs of society, encouraging students to critically engage in various sectors of society with the aim of finding solutions to science and technology-related issues. Thus, the development of IIR appears to support the application of RRI principles.

RESUMO A União Europeia lançou, em 2011, a abordagem da Pesquisa e Inovação Responsáveis (RRI - Responsible Research and Innovation) para desenvolver a pesquisa e inovação, considerando diferentes atores sociais, fomentando uma participação responsável em relação a problemas cada vez mais complexos da sociedade. Essa abordagem é desenvolvida por diversos segmentos, como saúde, indústria e educação. Embora seja aplicada na Educação, não há uma metodologia definida. Diante disso, esse artigo traz resultados de um levantamento na literatura, que englobou oito bases de dados para procurar relações na aplicação da RRI, por meio da metodologia da Ilha Interdisciplinar de Racionalidade (IIR) de Gérard Fourez (1997). Os resultados destas pesquisas propõem um ensino de Ciências que atenda as necessidades da comunidade, instigando os alunos a se envolverem de forma crítica, na sociedade, almejando soluções para questões relacionadas à ciência e à tecnologia. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento da IIR mostra-se favorável para a aplicação de pressupostos da RRI.

The concept of digital transformation (DT) has revolutionized different facets of society including institutions of learning, where it has continued to influence teaching, learning and research. Over time and with the continued technological advancements in biological science disciplines, it has become clear that the increased convergence between these disciplines and digital systems application will become more apparent. For example, the advent and application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI) and other automated biological processes have afforded unique huge data sets with high societal impact. As such, digitalization of the bioeconomy remains necessary. The digitalization of the biosciences has birthed emerging concepts like "digital biology", "engineered biology" and "bio-revolution" and involve computer-centered biosciences. These are built around the integration of scientific data, modeling at several levels, as well as networked science. Nonetheless, it is still plagued by information derivation policies and technicality issues. Although, digital biology has seen a major boost in recent years with the emergence of new and updated digital biology databases and platforms for advanced computational modelling, and connection and visualization of bio-data at a molecular level, more efforts are needed from governmental stakeholders (policy makers), industry and academia to enhance the impact of computational automation and digital transformation in bioscience activities. Hence, a steady upscale in digitalization of the biosciences would ensure bioprocess development, increase teaching, research efficiency and productivity, birth more innovative future applications for various industries, and thereby impact several aspects of life. This article presents how selected biological science disciplines have been digitally transformed through data analytics and how the concept could be further explored in advancing teaching, learning and research.

En los últimos cincuenta años, la tecnología de la información se ha integrado gradualmente en el sistema educativo brasileño. Esta integración pasó por varias fases y programas, cada uno con sus propios objetivos y desafíos. Desde el Decreto N° 84.067 de 1979, que estableció la Política Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información, hasta la creación de ProInfo en 1997 y la Política de Innovación en Educación Conectada (PIEC) en 2023, ha habido importantes avances, pero también dificultades en la implementación efectiva de estos. políticas. Este estudo busca comprender las políticas públicas enfocadas en tecnologías de la información en un contexto histórico, explorando su evolución dentro de la educación brasileña y destacando iniciativas y programas que moldearon la inserción de las tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza. Para la construcción de este artículo se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con investigación bibliográfica. Con esta historia, fue posible construir una línea de tiempo interactiva que presenta las políticas públicas diseñadas en Brasil para la informatización de las escuelas y la formación de profesores, culminando con la enseñanza de la informática, actualmente propuesta para las escuelas de educación básica brasileñas, en el Currículo Base Común Nacional y su Complemento.

Nos últimos cinquenta anos, a informática tem sido gradualmente integrada ao sistema educacional brasileiro. Essa integração passou por várias fases e programas, cada um com suas metas e desafios. Desde o Decreto nº 84.067 em 1979, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Informática, até a criação do ProInfo em 1997 e a Política de Inovação Educação Conectada (PIEC) em 2023, houve progressos significativos, mas também dificuldades na implementação eficaz dessas políticas. Este estudo busca compreender em um contexto histórico as políticas públicas voltadas para a informática, explorando a sua evolução no âmbito da educação brasileira, e destacando iniciativas e programas que moldaram  a inserção de tecnologias digitais no ensino. Para a construção deste artigo, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica. Com esse histórico, foi possível construir uma linha do tempo interativa que apresenta as políticas públicas concebidas no Brasil para a informatização das escolas e formação de professores, culminando no ensino da computação, proposto atualmente para as escolas de educação básica brasileiras, na Base Nacional Comum Curricular e seu Complemento.

Over the past fifty years, computer science has been gradually integrated into the Brazilian education system. This integration has gone through several phases and programs, each with its own goals and challenges. Since Decree No. 84,067 in 1979, which established the National Computer Science Policy, to the creation of ProInfo in 1997 and the Connected Education Innovation Policy (PIEC) in 2023, there has been significant progress, but also difficulties in the effective implementation of these policies. This study seeks to understand public policies aimed at computer science in a historical context, exploring their evolution within the scope of Brazilian education, and highlighting initiatives and programs that shaped the insertion of digital technologies in teaching. To construct this article, a qualitative approach was adopted, with bibliographical research. With this history, it was possible to build an interactive timeline that presents the public policies designed in Brazil for the computerization of schools and teacher training, culminating in the teaching of computer science, currently proposed for Brazilian basic education schools, in the National Common Curricular Base and its Complement.

ABSTRACT This research analyzes the level of satisfaction of public financing programs for the strengthening of Technological Innovation processes in Paraguayan companies: Case of the DETIEC Program (Technological Development, Innovation and Conformity) Assessment of Council National Science and Technology (CONACYT). This study is descriptive and not experimental, a mixed methodology has been used, which combines a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Likert scale surveys have been used, as well as questionnaire guides for the interview with technicians from the DETIEC program, where among the most important results it has been observed that the beneficiary companies have been able to train their Human Capital, as well as link up with foreign companies. and improve its production on the other hand, among the weaknesses, the lack of trained collaborators to submit proposals to government entities to compete for public funds stands out.

RESUMEN Este trabajo de investigación tiene por finalidad analizar el nivel de satisfacción de los programas públicos de financiamiento para el fortalecimiento de los procesos de Innovación Tecnológica en las empresas paraguayas: Caso del Programa DETIEC (Desarrollo Tecnológico, Innovación y Evaluación de la Conformidad), del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT). Este estudio es de carácter descriptivo y no experimental, se ha utilizado una metodología mixta, la cual combina un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se han utilizado encuestas en escala Likert, y también cuestionario guías para la entrevista a técnicos del programa DETIEC, donde se han observado entre los resultados más importantes se destacan que las empresas beneficiarias han podido capacitar a su Capital Humano, así como vincularse con empresas extranjeras y mejorar su producción, por otra parte, entre las debilidades se resalta la falta de colaboradores capacitados para postular propuestas a entes del Gobierno para concursar a fondos públicos.