The carbon footprint (CP) emerged with the aim of managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and is one of several ways to measure its impacts. This work aims to evaluate the carbon footprint in the soybean and corn agricultural sector in Mato Grosso. The estimate was calculated taking into account individual carbon footprints from the use of fertilizer, electricity for irrigation, N2O emissions and from the use of pesticides. The estimate was made for the period from 2004 to 2022. The methodology used was based on the work of cheng et al. (2011). When analyzing the results of the annual Carbon Footprint, a reduction of values ​​in carbon intensity per quantity produced to 0.21980 in hectares can be seen. When comparing the results obtained by Cheng et al. (2011), the average production intensity for the period from 1993 to 2007 was 0.110 tonC/ton while the average in the state of Mato Grosso for the soybean crop, in the period between 2004 to 2022, was 0.21980 tonC /ton . When considering the corn crop, the carbon intensity results per amount produced were even lower compared to soybeans, 0.08224 tonC/ton., which demonstrates that crop rotation is too important when measuring the carbon footprint in the agricultural sector.

A pegada de carbono (PC) surgiu com o intuito de administrar as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) e é uma das várias formas de se medir seus impactos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a pegada de carbono no setor agrícola da soja e milho em Mato Grosso. A estimativa foi calculada levando em consideração as pegadas de carbono individuais do uso de fertilizante, eletricidade para irrigação, das emissões de N2O e advindas do uso de agrotóxicos. A estimativa foi feita para o período de 2004 a 2022. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se no trabalho de cheng et al. (2011). Ao analisar os resultados da Pegada de Carbono anual, percebe-se uma redução de valores em intensidade de carbono por quantidade produzida para 0,21980 em hectares. Ao comparar os resultados obtidos por Cheng et al. (2011), a intensidade em produção média para o período de 1993 a 2007 foi de 0,110 tonC/ton enquanto que a média no estado de Mato Grosso para a cultura da soja, no período entre 2004 a 2022, foi de 0,21980 tonC/ton. Ao considerar a cultura do milho, os resultados de intensidade de carbono por quantidade produzida foram ainda menores se comparados aos da soja, 0,08224 tonC/ton., o que demonstra que a rotação de culturas é demasiado importante ao medir a pegada de carbono no setor agrícola.

Abstract In this work I analyse the formation of a cultural policy within the social mobilization around transgender health in Brazil. Through the ethnography of the preparation, performance, and reverberations of the play Histórias compartilhadas during the 11th edition of the festival For Rainbow in 2017 at the Dragão do Mar cultural center, in Fortaleza, Ceará, I try to understand how a social representation of travesti and trans people has been formed in favor of the claim of rights as a result of a performance in different expressive ways. The theatrical play and its socio-political animation were constituted as liminality rituals whose potential for articulation turned to social change. This article is part of a broader ethnographic research developed in hospital and activism scenes in Ceará between 2017 and 2019.

Resumo Neste trabalho analiso a formação de uma política cultural no seio da mobilização social em torno da saúde transgênero no Brasil. Através da etnografia da performance e reverberações da peça teatral Histórias compartilhadas durante a 11ª edição do festival For Rainbow em 2017 no centro cultural Dragão do Mar, em Fortaleza, Ceará, procuro compreender como tem se formado uma representação social de pessoas trans e travestis em prol do reclame de direitos como resultado de uma performance advinda de formas expressivas diversas. A peça teatral e sua animação sociopolítica foram constituídas como rituais de liminaridade cujo potencial de articulação voltou-se à mudança social. Este artigo insere-se em pesquisa etnográfica mais ampla desenvolvida em cenas hospitalares e de ativismo no Ceará entre os anos de 2017 e 2019.

Resumo Os veranicos são caracterizados como a ocorrência de dias consecutivos com ausência de precipitação na estação chuvosa, que ocasionam perdas nas safras agrícolas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo classificar e regionalizar os veranicos que ocorrem durante a estação chuvosa, bem como, compreender as possíveis consequências sobre as perdas de safra. A área de estudo foi o estado Ceará, no qual os veranicos foram definidos como três ou mais dias consecutivos com precipitação diária igual ou inferior a 2 mm. A partir dos dados de rendimento do IBGE, foram calculadas as perdas do cultivo do milho e feijão, e através dos resultados pode-se inferir que: no ano considerado chuvoso (2009), foi verificada uma menor quantidade de ocorrências de veranicos, porém com perdas de safra significativas pelo excesso de chuvas, principalmente nas porções do Litoral de Fortaleza e Litoral do Pecém. Na análise dos anos secos (1998 e 2012), verificou-se maior ocorrência de veranicos e as perdas de safras ainda mais intensas, o indicador de veranicos apresentou menores ocorrências de eventos no noroeste do estado. Os resultados indicam um provável indicador para classificar as consequências de uma estiagem na produção agrícola de sequeiro.

Abstract The dry spells are characterized as the occurrence of consecutive days with no precipitation in the rainy season, which causes losses in agricultural crops. The present article aims to classify and regionalize the dry spells that occur during the rainy season, as well as to understand the possible consequences on crop losses. The study area was the state of Ceará, in which dry spells was defined as three or more consecutive days with daily precipitation equal to or less than 2 mm. From the IBGE yield data, it was calculated how the cultivation of corn and beans and the results can be inferred that: in the year considered rainy (2009), there was a smaller number of dry spells occurrences, but with losses significant crop losses due to excessive rainfall, mainly in the portions of the Litoral de Fortaleza and Litoral do Pecém. In the analysis of the dry years (1998 and 2012), there was a higher occurrence of dry spells and the losses of harvests even more intense, the dry spells indicator showed lower occurrences of events in the northwest of the state. The results indicate a probable indicator for classifying the consequences of a drought on rainfed agricultural production.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the use of nanosilver fluoride in the enamel remineralization process through optical coherence tomography. Material and Methods: All samples were submitted to demineralization process by pH cycling during 14 days and randomly distributed into three groups (n = 11): Nanosilver Fluoride (NSF), Sodium fluoride (NaF), and negative control. Optical coherence tomography images were acquired at three different moments: initial stage (T0), post caries formation (T1), and post pH cycling (T2). The integrity of the enamel surface and the measurement of the volume loss for the tissue after pH cycling in comparison to initial images were obtained from optical coherence tomography images. Results: After analyzing the exponential decay of A-scans from each group, it was possible to identify differences in light propagation among samples. In T1 it is not possible to visualize the dentin-enamel junction, probably due to the higher back scattering of the demineralized enamel, which does not allow light to reach the dentin. The decay curves obtained from NaF and nanosilver fluoride groups showed similar behavior, while the negative group showed lower extinction coefficient. Conclusion: Nanosilver fluoride showed the best effect against caries compared to conventional fluoride treatments.

Resumo Descreve-se as noções de "terapia" hormonal em cenários medicalizantes nos quais homens transexuais se movem na constituição de transições de gênero. Em meio aos acessos e práticas à (auto)administração de ésteres de testosterona (cipionato e/ou propionato), esses sujeitos acionam a ideia de "terapia" - seja para se afastar ou para reiterá-la -, levando-nos a uma reflexão sobre a atual classificação da transexualidade como doença mental. Realizou-se pesquisa etnográfica em grupos de ativismo trans no Brasil com entrevistas em profundidade no período de 2014 a 2015.

Abstract The paper describes notions of hormonal "therapy" related to the medicalized situations through which transsexual men move in the constitution of gender transitions. Among the accesses and practices of self- administration of testosterone esters (cypionate and/or propionate), these subjects trigger the idea of "therapy" - either to avoid or reiterate it -, leading us to reflect on the current classification of transsexuality as a mental illness. Ethnographic research was conducted among trans activist groups with in-depth interviews in 2014 to 2015.

A sustentabilidade dos sistemas de plantio direto e preparo convencional do solo em regiões semiáridas deve considerar as variações dos atributos do solo ao longo do tempo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar as alterações nos atributos físicos e biológicos de um Typic Eutrustox (Latossolo) sob diferentes usos (plantio direto, preparo convencional e mata nativa) na região semiárida. O experimento foi realizado em unidades com 18 x 18 m dentro de sistema de plantio direto (SPD), preparo convencional (SPC) e mata nativa (MN). Para cada uso determinou-se a densidade de partículas, densidade do solo, porosidade, resistência à penetração, respiração microbiana e carbono orgânico nas profundidades 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. O SPD e SPC alteram os atributos físicos do solo superficial em relação à MN, com maior compactação na camada arável do SPC. O solo sob MN, além das vantagens físicas, também possui atributos biológicos superiores ao SPD e SPC em todas as profundidades avaliadas. O SPD é o uso mais próximo das condições de MN em relação à qualidade biológica, representada pela respiração microbiana. Após nove anos de implantação do SPD e SPC, destaca-se a necessidade de aporte contínuo de matéria orgânica para manutenção das vantagens do SPD em relação ao SPC nas condições do semiárido.

The sustainability of no-till and conventional tillage systems in semi-arid regions should assess soil property changes over time. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the changes in the physical and biological attributes of a Typic Eutrustox (Latosol) under different uses (no-tillage, conventional tillage and native forest) in the semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out in 18 x 18 m plots under no-till system (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and native forest (NF). Particle density, bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, microbial respiration and soil organic carbon were determined at 0.00-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m depths. The NT and CT changed soil physical properties of the surface layer, compared with NF, besides soil compaction increased in the arable layer (0.00-0.20 m) of CT. Soil under NF had superior biological properties compared to NT and CT in all evaluated depths. NT is the closest tillage compared to the NF conditions, regarding biological quality, represented by microbial soil respiration. After nine years of NT and CT, a continuous organic matter input is essential to maintain NT advantages over CT in the semi-arid conditions.

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the most suitable model to estimate the leaf area of dwarf pigeon pea in function of the leaf central leaflet dimension. Six samplings of 200 leaves were performed in the first experiment, at 36, 42, 50, 56, 64, and 72 days after emergence (DAE). In the second experiment, seven samplings of 200 leaves were performed at 29, 36, 43, 49, 57, 65, and 70 DAE, totaling 2600 leaves. The length (L) and width (W) of the central leaflet were measured in all leaves composed by left, central, and right leaflets, the product of length times width (LW) was calculated, and the leaf area (Y – sum of left, central, and right leaflet areas) was determined by digital images. Linear, power, quadratic, and cubic models of Y as function of L, W, and LW were built using data from the second experiment. Leaves from the first experiment were used to validate the models. In dwarf pigeon pea, the linear (Ŷ = – 0.4088 + 1.6669x, R2 = 0.9790) is preferable, but power (Ŷ = 1.6097x1.0065, R2 = 0.9766), quadratic (Ŷ = – 0.3625 + 1.663x + 0.00007x2, R2 = 0.9790), and cubic (Ŷ = 0.7216 + 1.522x + 0.005x2 – 5E–05x3, R2 = 0.9791) models in function of LW are also suitable to estimate the leaf area obtained by digital images. The power model (Ŷ = 5.2508x1.7868, R2 = 0.95) based on the central leaflet width is less laborious because requires only one variable, but it presents accuracy reduction.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter of aerial part of dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), cultivar IAPAR 43 (Aratã), in scenarios formed by combinations of numbers of treatments, number of replications, and precision levels. The fresh matter of aerial part was weighed on basic experimental units of 1 m × 1 m in three uniformity trials with size of 24 m × 12 m (288 m2 in each trial). The soil heterogeneity index of Smith was estimated. Also, the optimum plot size was determined by Hatheway’s method in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 5, 10, 15, and 20), r replications (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8, 9, and 10), and d precision levels (d = 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%). In experiments designed on randomized block design with 5 to 20 treatments and four replications, plots with 9 m2 were enough to identify significant differences among treatments regarding the fresh matter of aerial part in dwarf pigeon pea at 5% probability of 30% of the experiment overall mean.

ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to determine the optimum plot size and number of repetitions to evaluate the fresh matter weight of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in sowing densities. Fortyeight uniformity trials of 6 m × 6 m were conducted. Sixteen trials were evaluated in each sowing density (40, 60, and 80 kg∙ha−1). Each trial was divided into 36 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 m × 1 m, totaling 1,728 BEU. In each BEU, the fresh matter was weighed. The optimum plot size was determined by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation model. The means were compared among sowing densities by the Scott-Knott’s test. The number of repetitions — for experiments with completely randomized and randomized block designs, in scenarios of i treatments (i = 3, 4, …, 50) and d minimal differences between treatments means being detected as significant with 5% probability by Tukey’s test, expressed in percentage of the experiment average (d = 10%, 11%, …, 20%), was determined by iterative process until convergence. The optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter weight of vetch is 4.52 m2 at the 3 sowing densities. Four repetitions, to evaluate up to 50 treatments, in completely randomized and randomized block designs, are enough to identify as significant, at 5% probability by Tukey’s test, differences between treatment means of 29.15% of the experiment average.

Abstract Phyllochron and leaf appearance rate are both important parameters in the production efficiency of agricultural crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the phyllochron and leaf appearance rate in 4 oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.) in 3 sowing dates and verify the variability of phyllochron and leaf appearance rate among cultivars and sowing dates. The experimental design was the completely randomized with 12 treatments and 20 repetitions. Treatments were formed by the combination of 4 cultivars (URS Charrua, URS Taura, URS Estampa, and URS Corona) and 3 sowing dates in 2014 (April 28, May 28, and July 14). In each plant (repetition) of each treatment, the number of expanded leaves (NEL) was counted 3 times per week from the first leaf emission until flowering. For each plant, cultivar, and sowing date, linear regression was adjusted between NEL and accumulated thermal time (ATT) and between NEL and number of days after emergence (DAE). Phyllochron was determined by the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between the NEL and ATT. The leaf appearance rate was determined by the inverse of the angular coefficient of the linear regression between NEL and DAE. In oat, there is variability of phyllochron and leaf appearance rate among cultivars and sowing dates. Phyllochron oscillates between 95.88 and 117.70 °C day∙leaf−1 and leaf appearance rate, between 6.41 and 9.65 days∙leaf−1. The oat cropping management in function of phyllochron and leaf appearance rate is dependent on cultivars and sowing dates.

RESUMO As projeções de precipitação e temperatura dos modelos globais do Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5, utilizados no quinto relatório do Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC-AR5) são analisadas para a bacia do rio São Francisco para o período de 2011 a 2100 para os cenários RCP 4.5 e RCP 8.5. Além disso, os modelos são avaliados quanto à representação da climatologia da precipitação no período de 1961 a 2000. Para a avaliação, os dados das estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) são utilizados. A avaliação baseia-se em dois índices de desempenho: a correlação e o erro quadrático médio. Para a análise das projeções, são calculadas as anomalias das médias anuais divididas em períodos de 30 anos (2011 a 2040, 2041 a 2070 e 2071 a 2100). Para avaliação de tendências e variabilidade são usados: a média móvel de dez anos, regressão linear e o método de Mann-Kendall-Sen. Aproximadamente 28% dos modelos analisados não representam adequadamente a sazonalidade da precipitação. Todos os modelos apresentaram tendência positiva para a temperatura, e apesar da divergência na precipitação, os mesmos projetam anomalias entre -20% e 20% em cada período de 30 anos para essa variável.

ABSTRACT Precipitation and temperature projections from global models, made available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), and actually used in the AR5 by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC-AR5), are assessed here for São Francisco River Basin. RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are considered througout the period 2011 to 2100. Incidentally, global models are evaluated concerning their representativity related to 1961-2000 climatology from Brazilian National Meteorological Institute (INMET) data. Two indexes were evaluated: correlation and square mean error. The analisys of projections was performed through the assessment of yearly average values of 30 years period (2011-2040, 2041-2070 e 2071-2100). Additionally to evaluate trends and variability it was considered 10 year moving averages, linear regression and Mann-Kendall-Sen method. Approximately 28% analyzed models do not capture the seasonal precipitation reliably. All models present positive trend for temperature, and despite of divergence on precipitation, the models projected anomalies between -20 and 20 for each time-slice for this variable.

Nos programas de melhoramento de plantas que têm como objetivo obtenção de cultivares mais eficientes e responsivos à quantidade de nitrogênio (N), há interesse em métodos seletivos que sejam de baixo custo, rápida resposta, alta repetibilidade e aplicáveis em grande número de cultivares. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar técnicas experimentais de campo aplicáveis à rotina de programas de melhoramento para classificar cultivares de milho eficientes e responsivos ao N. Foi realizado um experimento em delineamento de blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos foram arranjados em parcela subdividida com três repetições e cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 120 e 200 kg ha-1) em parcelas e seis cultivares de milho em subparcelas. Foram comparados os métodos de eficiência e resposta (ER) com duas doses contrastantes de N, a análise de variância com teste de média e a análise de regressão. Concluiu-se que o método da eficiência no uso e na resposta com base nas duas doses mais contrastantes de N classifica os cultivares similares à análise de regressão e ele é apropriado para uso em programas de melhoramento; há necessidade de identificar os níveis de N requerido para discriminar cultivares de milho em condições de baixo e alto N em programas de melhoramento que objetivam obter cultivares eficientes e responsivos ao N; e que a análise de interação genótipos x ambientes em experimentos com doses contrastantes é sempre necessária, mesmo quando a interação não é significativa.

n plant breeding programs that aim to obtain cultivars with nitrogen (N) use efficiency, the focus is on methods of selection and experimental procedures that present low cost, fast response, high repeatability, and can be applied to a large number of cultivars. Thus, the objectives of this study were to classify maize cultivars regarding their use efficiency and response to N in a breeding program, and to validate the methodology with contrasting doses of the nutrient. The experimental design was a randomized block with the treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme with three replicates and five N doses (0, 30, 60, 120 and 200 kg ha-1) in the plots, and six cultivars in subplots. We compared a method examining the efficiency and response (ER) with two contrasting doses of N. After that, the analysis of variance, mean comparison and regression analysis were performed. In conclusion, the method of the use efficiency and response based on two N levels classifies the cultivars in the same way as the regression analysis, and it is appropriate in plant breeding routine. Thus, it is necessary to identify the levels of N required to discriminate maize cultivars in conditions of low and high N availability in plant breeding programs that aim to obtain efficient and responsive cultivars. Moreover, the analysis of the interaction genotype x environment at experiments with contrasting doses is always required, even when the interaction is not significant.

This study aimed to quantify Toxoplasma gondii in tissue samples of serologically positive chickens using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 65 chickens evaluated, 28 were positive for T. gondii antibodies. Brain and heart samples were collected from 26 seropositive chickens and DNA was extracted using Trizol® and amplified using real-time PCR with SYBR® Green. Parasite DNA was detected in 24 of the 26 samples analyzed; the number of positive tissue samples and the parasite quantity did not differ between tissue types. The results confirmed the analytical sensitivity of parasite detection in chicken tissue samples and demonstrated the possibility of using other molecular systems for genotypic analysis.

O experimento foi realizado em campo com objetivo de avaliar características fisiológicas e de produção das cultivares de batata-doce ESAM 1, 2 e 3, colhidas aos 105, 130 e 155 dias após o plantio (DAP). Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições. Entre as variáveis que integram o aparelho assimilatório das cultivares, somente o tamanho da folha diferiu significativamente. Considerando as épocas estudadas, as cultivares apresentaram aos 155 DAP, ou seja, 25 dias além do ciclo recomendado, menor tamanho e número de folhas e mais baixa razão de área foliar, porém foram mais eficientes quanto à translocação de fotoassimilados para as raízes. Assim, aumentaram significativamente o número de raízes comerciais por planta e, conseqüentemente, a produtividade de raízes comerciais e a produtividade total de raízes.

A field experiment was carried out in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to evaluate the physiological characteristics and yield of sweet-potato cultivars ESAM 1, 2, and 3, harvested at 105, 130, and 155 days after planting date. The experiment was a 3 x 3 factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Among the variables that compose the assimilatory apparatus of the cultivars, only leaf size was significantly different. The cultivars harvested at 155 days after planting date (i.e., 25 days after the recommended cycle) presented fever and smaller leaves and showed smaller leaf area ratio. However, they performed more efficiently in photosynthate translocation to storage roots, which increased significantly the number of marketable roots per plant and, consequently, both marketable and total root yields.