RESUMO A característica mais comum dos cimentos geopoliméricos é que eles contêm uma quantidade relativamente pequena de óxidos de ferro. Isso se deve ao fato de que vários cientistas desconfiam da ação nociva de alguns compostos ferrosos no desenvolvimento da reação geopolimérica. Para alguns pesquisadores o Fe pode interferir negativamente no processo de geopolimerização do material, enquanto que, em alguns novos estudos o papel do Fe tem revelado resultados interessantes. No intuito de verificar a resistência mecânica alcançada pelo geopolímero obtido a partir do rejeito da lavagem da bauxita, que possui em sua composição alto teor de ferro, a presente pesquisa pretende utilizar 100% dessa matéria-prima calcinada como precursor, e reagentes como o NaOH e Na2SiO3 como ativadores no processo. Todos os materiais foram caracterizados perante suas propriedades físicas e mineralógicas, a fim de possibilitar a correta dosagem dos materiais. Com os geopolímeros obtidos, avaliou-se a resistência a compressão, variando a concentração de NaOH em 8 M e 10 M para diferentes tempos de cura (7 e 28 dias). Análise de difração de raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise granulométrica e testes de resistência mecânica. Mesmo com aproximadamente 25% de ferro, os geopolímeros apresentaram comportamento mecânico compatível com funções atribuídas e similares a normativa estabelecida para o cimento Portland, com resistência máxima de 25,85 MPa.

ABSTRACT The most common feature of geopolymer cements is that they contain a relatively small amount of iron oxides. This is due to the fact that several scientists suspect the harmful action of some Fe++ ferrous compounds in the development of the geopolymeric reaction. For some researchers, Fe can interfere negatively in the geopolymerization process of the material, while, in some new studies, the role of Fe has revealed interesting results for geopolymers. In order to verify the mechanical resistance achieved by the geopolymer obtained from the bauxite washing waste, which has a high iron content in its composition, the present research intends to use 100% of this calcined raw material as a precursor, and reagents such as NaOH and Na2SiO3 as activators in the process. All materials were characterized in terms of their physical and mineralogical properties, in order to enable the correct dosage of materials. With the geopolymers obtained, the compressive strength was evaluated, varying the concentration of NaOH in 8 M and 10 M for different curing times (7 and 28 days). X-ray diffraction analysis (DRX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), granulometric analysis and mechanical resistance tests. Even with approximately 25% of iron, the geopolymers presented a mechanical behavior compatible with assigned functions and similar to the norms established for Portland cement, with a maximum resistance of 25.85 MPa.

Resumo O artigo problematiza a violência de gênero no campo do planejamento e dos estudos territoriais a partir de uma fotografia do primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19 (2020) no município de São Paulo. A primeira seção trata de uma discussão teórica sobre o recorte temático que considera a reflexão sobre a prática na saúde e no planejamento. Desta seção, apontamos as territorialidades do cuidado, valendo-se do Modelo Ecológico da OMS. Na seção seguinte, a abordagem teórica é explorada em um retrato do primeiro ano da Pandemia de COVID, com base em três abordagens para as territorialidades no enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher: a partir do principal instrumento de planejamento territorial (Plano Diretor), pela rede de equipamentos especializados ao enfrentamento da violência, pelos equipamentos sociais que contribuem para a prevenção e pelo suporte às relações sociais cotidianas. Como resultado foi identificado que os Planos Diretores de 2002 e 2014 não incorporaram as bases das políticas de enfrentamento da violência, o que representa uma determinada condição prévia para os territórios quando do período da pandemia. Foram identificados apagões de equipamentos assistenciais e o distanciamento social, que representaram a queda no enfrentamento da violência durante o primeiro ano da pandemia.

Abstract The article problematizes gender violence in the field of planning and territorial studies from a snapshot of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) in the municipality of São Paulo. The first section deals with a theoretical discussion on the thematic that considers the reflection on the practice in health and planning. In this section, we point out the territorialities of care, making use of the WHO Ecological Model. In the following section, the theoretical approach is explored in a portrait of the first year of the COVID Pandemic, based on three approaches to territorialities in the confrontation of violence against women: from the main instrument of territorial planning (Master Plan), by the network of specialized equipment to confront violence, by the social equipment that contribute to prevention and by the support to daily social relations. As a result, it was identified that the Master Plans of 2002 and 2014 did not incorporate the bases of policies to address violence, which represents a certain precondition for the territories when the pandemic period. We identified blackouts of welfare equipment and social distance that represented the decline in the confrontation of violence during the first year of the pandemic.

ABSTRACT The increase in distributed generation (DG) interferes with the energy distribution system, which may present low voltages due to voltage drops and high voltages due to the insertion of distributed generation, resulting from renewable energy sources in rural areas. These voltage levels must be controlled to comply with the limits imposed by the distribution rules and procedures (PRODIST). This study aims to evaluate the voltage rise caused by DG, simulating three DG insertion scenarios, as well as simulate strategies to correct these voltage levels, such as the limitation of the active power supply, the reactive supply by the consumer and the utility, and the installation of on-load tap changers. The simulations were performed using the MATLAB® program, more specifically the PSAT toolbox. Correction techniques were simulated using the active power supply limitation method, the reactive power supply method by consumers, and the voltage regulator process once the voltage rise effect was identified. The first two proved to be ineffective in this case, while the last one meets the voltage levels required by the National Electric Energy Agency.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a importância da análise de variância (ANOVA) geral preliminar na interpretação dos dados de experimentos fatoriais sob nulidade total. Para isso, avaliou-se as taxas de erro tipo I familiar (FWER acumulada) do teste F para os componentes do desdobramento da ANOVA fatorial e da ANOVA fatorial on ranks, em comparação à FWER para o efeito global de tratamentos. Além disso, avaliou-se a FWER do teste de Tukey sob nulidade total para experimentos fatoriais na presença ou ausência da proteção da ANOVA preliminar (teste F global). O estudo foi conduzido a partir da simulação de dados de 2000 experimentos, separados em quatro cenários representativos da pesquisa agrícola. Tanto para a ANOVA fatorial paramétrica, quanto para a ANOVA fatorial não-paramétrica, as FWER ultrapassaram significativamente o nível nominal de 5%, mesmo sob nulidade total. Enquanto os testes que controlam a FWER total nos fatoriais não estiverem sendo utilizados, a ANOVA fatorial não deve ser realizada sem que o teste F da ANOVA preliminar acuse um efeito significativo. O mesmo, evidentemente, não se aplica aos testes que não são de comparações múltiplas, como Bonferroni, Dunn-Sidak e outros, que não precisam proteção da ANOVA. A mesma recomendação se aplica à ANOVA fatorial on ranks.

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the importance of a preliminary general analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the interpretation of data from factorial experiments under total nullity. For this, we evaluated the familywise type I error rate (accumulated FWER) of the F test for the unfolding of factorial ANOVA and factorial ANOVA on ranks, which were compared with the FWER for the global effect of treatments. In addition, we evaluated the FWER of the Tukey’s test under total nullity for factorial experiments in the presence or absence of preliminary ANOVA protection (omnibus F test). The study was conducted by simulating data from 2,000 experiments, which were separated into four representative agricultural research scenarios. For both the parametric factorial ANOVA and the non-parametric factorial ANOVA, the FWER significantly exceeded the nominal level of 5%, even under total nullity. While the tests that control the total FWER in the factorials are not being used, the factorial ANOVA should not be performed without the preliminary ANOVA F test showing a significant effect. This, of course, does not apply to tests that are not multiple comparisons, such as Bonferroni, Dunn-Sidak and others, which do not need ANOVA protection. The same recommendation applies to the factorial ANOVA on ranks.

Resumo Fundamento A nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) é definida como deterioração da função renal, representada por um aumento da creatinina sérica ≥25% ou ≥0,5 mg/dL até 72 horas após a exposição ao meio de contraste iodado (MCI). A medida preventiva mais eficaz até o momento é a hidratação venosa (HV). Pouco se sabe sobre a eficácia da hidratação oral (HO) ambulatorial. Objetivo Investigar se a HO ambulatorial com água é tão eficaz quanto a HV com solução salina a 0,9% na prevenção de NIC em procedimentos coronarianos eletivos. Métodos Neste estudo observacional retrospectivo, foram analisados prontuários médicos e dados laboratoriais para coletar dados de indivíduos submetidos a procedimentos coronarianos percutâneos com MCI. Os dados coletados entre 2012 e 2015 avaliaram indivíduos que foram submetidos à HV e entre 2016 e 2020 (após a implementação de um protocolo de HO), os indivíduos que foram submetidos à HO em casa antes e depois de procedimentos coronarianos, conforme orientação da equipe de enfermagem. A significância estatística adotada foi de α=0,05. Resultados No total, 116 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo, 58 no grupo HV e 58 no grupo HO. Observou-se incidência de NIC de 15% (9/58) no grupo que recebeu HV e 12% (7/58) no grupo que recebeu HO (p=0,68). Conclusão O protocolo de HO realizado pelo paciente parece ser tão eficaz quanto o protocolo de HV hospitalar na proteção renal de indivíduos suscetíveis a desenvolver NIC em intervenções coronarianas eletivas. Essas descobertas devem ser testadas em ensaios mais abrangentes.

Abstract Background Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as worsening renal function, represented by an increase in serum creatinine of ≥ 25% or ≥ 0.5 mg/dL up to 72 h after exposure to iodinated contrast medium (ICM). The most effective preventive measure to date is intravenous hydration (IVH). Little is known about the effectiveness of outpatient oral hydration (OH). Objetive To investigate whether outpatient OH with water is as effective as IVH with 0.9% saline solution in preventing CIN in elective coronary procedures. Methods In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the medical records and laboratory data of individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures with ICM. Data collected between 2012 and 2015 refer to individuals who underwent IVH and those collected between 2016 and 2020 (after implementation of an OH protocol) correspond to individuals who underwent OH at home before and after coronary procedures as instructed by the nursing team. Statistical significance was established at α = 0.05. Results In total, 116 patients were included in this study: 58 in the IVH group and 58 in the OH group. An incidence of CIN of 15% (9/58) was observed in the group that received IVH and an incidence of 12% (7/58) was seen in the group that received OH (p = 0.68). Conclusion The OH protocol, performed by the patient, appears to be as effective as the in-hospital IVH protocol for the renal protection of individuals susceptible to CIN in elective coronary interventions. These findings should be put to test in larger trials.

RESUMO: O presente estudo avaliou a suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio (BS) em dietas sem forragem à base de milho moído sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e o balanço de N. Foram utilizados quatro cordeiros Dorper × Santa Inês, com um peso corporal inicial de 43,4 ± 0,85 kg (média ± desvio padrão). O delineamento experimental foi quadrado latino 4×4. Cada período experimental durou 21 dias. As dietas experimentais foram: controle positivo, sem BS, contendo 400 g/kg de MS de casca de soja (CONT) e três dietas à base de milho moído, sem casca de soja, contendo 10 (10BS), 20 (20BS) ou 30 (30BS) g/kg de MS de BS. O consumo de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido foi maior (P < 0,01)para o CONT quando comparado com BS. O consumo e a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo e proteína bruta não diferiram entre os tratamentos. O consumo (P = 0,01) e digestibilidade (P < 0,01) dos carboidratos não fibrosos foram superiores para as dietas contendo BS e a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro foi maior para o CONT. Os teores de nutrientes digestivos totais e energia metabolizável foram superiores para as dietas contendo BS (P = 0,04). A concentração ruminal de acetato (P < 0,01), isobutirato (P < 0,01), butirato (P < 0,01), isovalerato (P < 0,01) e ácidos graxos totais de cadeia curta (P < 0,01) foram mais elevadas para o CONT. O pHruminal apresentou resposta quadrática (P = 0,05) em relação aos níveis de BS, sendo observado maior pH para os animais alimentados com a dieta 20BS. O BS foi eficiente em aumentar o pHruminal no teor de 20 g/kg MS sem interferir no consumo e na digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes. Portanto, 20 g/kg de MS é a dose indicada de BS em dietas sem forragem para terminação de cordeiros em confinamento.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated forage-free diets supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (SB) based on ground flint corn on intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, and N balance. Four rumen-cannulatedDorper × Santa Inês lambs, with a body weight of 43.4 ± 0.85 kg (mean ± standard deviation) were used. The experimental design was a 4×4 Latin square. Each experimental period lasted 21 days. Experimental diets were: positive control, a diet without SB containing 400 g/kg DM of soybean hulls (CONT), and three diets based on ground flint corn, containing 10 (10SB), 20 (20SB) or 30 (30SB) g/kg DM of SB. Intake of neutral and acid detergent fiber was greater for CONT (P < 0.01) when compared to SB. Intake and apparent nutrient digestibility of dry and organic matter, ether extract, and crude protein did not differ. Intake (P = 0.01) and digestibility (P < 0.01) of non-fiber carbohydrates were greater for SB diets and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater (P = 0.03) for CONT. The total digestible nutrients and metabolizable energy were greater for SB (P = 0.04). Rumen concentrations of acetate (P < 0.01), isobutyrate (P < 0.01), butyrate (P < 0.01), isovalerate (P < 0.01), and total short-chain fatty acids (P < 0.01) were greater for CONT. Ruminal pH showed a quadratic (P = 0.05) response to SB levels, with greater values for 20SB. Sodium bicarbonate was efficient in increasing ruminal pH at the level of 20 g/kg DM without interfering with the intake and apparent nutrient digestibility characteristics.

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease may be more likely to develop atherogenic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the early identification of risk factors and intervention in childhood may be crucial for a good quality of life and longevity. Objectives To describe the distribution of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and its association with socioeconomic, clinical and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Methods Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents aged between 5 and 18 years, with congenital heart disease. Socioeconomic, clinical and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. HDL-c concentrations were evaluated by the direct method and categorized as desirable (>45 mg/dL), borderline (40-45 mg/dL) and low (<40 mg/dL). We also assessed the “undesirable” levels, consisting of the sum of “borderline” and “low” values for comparative purposes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factor associated with undesirable HDL-c levels. A p<0.05 value was adopted as statistically significant. Results Mean HDL-c was 51.2 mg/dL (SD 12.6), with a prevalence of 33.2% of undesirable HDL-c. In the multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein levels ≥ 3mg/dL (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.32-8.04), age ≥ 10 years old (OR: 2.11; 95% CI 1.12-3.99) and undesirable levels of triglycerides (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.13-4.75) were associated with undesirable HDL-c. Conclusion In this sample of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, almost one third presented low or borderline HDL-c levels. Age ≥10 years, C-reactive protein and triglycerides were associated with undesirable HDL-c levels. These factors should be considered in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood in this population.

Abstract Background: The use of doxorubicin in chemotherapy has been associated with cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Physical exercise produces favorable morphofunctional adaptations in the cardiovascular system and may reverse cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Objective: To assess the effects of physical training on myocardial structure, cardiac function, and exercise tolerance in Wistar rats initiated after the onset of cardiotoxicity-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: This study investigated 30 adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (EX), doxorubicin (DX), and doxorubicin and exercise (DXEX). The DX and DXEX groups received six doses of doxorubincin from 1.25 mg/kg body weight up to a cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Injections were administered intraperitoneally three times a week for two weeks; after this stage, the EX and DXEX groups started physical training (swimming) sessions three times a week with a load of 5% of their body weight. Echocardiography and exercise tolerance tests were performed. Generalized linear models were used in statistical analysis, and a p<0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Left ventricular shortening fraction and ejection fraction were reduced in the DX group compared to C, EX, and DXEX. The DXEX group showed greater tolerance to effort when compared to the DX and C groups. Conclusion: Physical training, initiated after the onset of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, improved cardiac function and exercise tolerance in rats.

COVID-19 is currently the most critical disease in the world. Thus, several tools have been used in the last two years to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In this perspective, Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides valuable data by including symptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals and anticipating clinical cases. For 37 weeks, the SARS-CoV-2 viral load was monitored in sanitary sewage samples from Goiânia-Brazil. Through pre-concentration, extraction, and purification of viral RNA, followed by RT-qPCR, it was detected in 83.78% (31/37) of the weeks the presence of fragments of the genetic material SARS-CoV-2 with viral loads ranging from 105 to 108 genome copies L-1. The viral load in the wastewater samples was related to the clinical data of the municipality, demonstrating its ability to promote an Early Warning System (EWS). In early 2022, it was possible to predict the increase in clinical cases 3 weeks in advance and issue an alert note to the health authorities. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.003 to 0.5% and showed good agreement with observed values. Thus, monitoring effluents become another essential tool that can help combat the pandemic’s advance, especially in countries with scarce resources.

Miconia chamissois Naudin é uma das inúmeras espécies vegetais incluídas na família Melastomataceae, habitando áreas de vegetação natural no domínio Cerrado. Esta espécie apresenta evento sazonal típico e ciclo anual regular, com flores brancas e aromáticas. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o extrato etanólico floral de M. chamissois quanto a sua composição fitoquímica, físico-química e atividades biológicas. O extrato etanólico foi produzido por maceração e os ensaios fitoquímicos, físico-químicos e biológicos realizados por diferentes metodologias. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo demonstram que M. chamissois é uma espécie promissora na busca de compostos biologicamente ativos, onde apresentou consideráveis números de classes fitoquímicas, conteúdos de flavonoides e fenólicos totais expressivos, bem como atividades de fotoproteção, antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana e citotóxica. Trabalhos futuros deverão concentrar-se sobre o extrato etanólico floral de M. chamissois para determinar outras ações biológicas in vitro e ex vitro.

Miconia chamissois Naudin is one of the numerous plant species included in the Melastomataceae family, inhabiting areas of natural vegetation in the Cerrado domain. This species presents a typical seasonal event and regular annual cycle with white and aromatic flowers. The study aimed to evaluate the floral ethanol extract of M. chamissois as to its phytochemical composition, physicochemical and biological activities. The ethanol extract was produced by maceration and phytochemical, physicochemical and biological tests were carried out using different methodologies. The results presented in this study demonstrate that M. chamissois is a promising species in the search for biologically active compounds, where it presented considerable numbers of phytochemical classes, expressive total flavonoid and phenolic contents, as well as photoprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Future work should focus on the floral ethanol extract of M. chamissois to determine other biological actions in vitro and ex vitro.

Resumen Objetivo: mapear las evidencias científicas relacionadas con la organización de las prácticas de cuidado paliativo al anciano en la Red de Atención de Salud. Materiales y método: scoping review por el método Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS/Lilacs, Embase y Cochrane, con identificación de 1150 artículos, los cuales fueron gerenciados por el software Endnote. Luego de la selección, 12 artículos compusieron la amuestra del estudio. Los datos se ordenaron en planilla del Microsoft Excel, se sometieron a análisis descriptivo y se discutieron con la literatura. Resultados: se observó que la organización de las prácticas de cuidado paliativo al adulto mayor desde la Red de Atención de Salud, con enfoque en la atención primaria de salud, en la residencia y en la articulación interdisciplinaria es importante. Sin embargo, aun hay fragmentación en la oferta de este cuidado, con limitadas consideraciones en cuanto a los retos y posibilidades de su efectuación en todos los niveles de atención. Conclusiones: el mapeo de las evidencias científicas sobre el tema demuestra que son modestas las discusiones en torno de la inserción de los cuidados paliativos en la Red. Los estudios exploran el rol de la atención primaria de salud como ordenadora de estas prácticas, aunque en una perspectiva fragmentada, con poca articulación entre los servicios de la Red.

Resumo Objetivo: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas à organização das práticas do cuidado paliativo à pessoa idosa na Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Materiais e método: scoping review pelo método Joanna Briggs Institute. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS/Lilacs, Embase e Cochrane, sendo identificados 1150 artigos, os quais foram gerenciados pelo software Endnote. Após a seleção, 12 artigos compuseram a amostra do estudo. Os dados foram organizados em planilha do Microsoft Excel, submetidos à análise descritiva e discutidos com a literatura. Resultados: observou-se a importância de as práticas de cuidado paliativo à pessoa idosa serem organizadas na Rede de Atenção à Saúde, com foco na atenção primária à saúde, no domicílio e na articulação interdisciplinar. Contudo, ainda há fragmentação na oferta desse cuidado, com limitadas considerações quanto aos desafios e possibilidades da sua efetivação em todos os níveis de atenção. Conclusões: o mapeamento das evidências científicas sobre o tema mostra que são modestas as discussões em torno da inserção dos cuidados paliativos na Rede. Os estudos exploram o papel da atenção primária como ordenadora dessas práticas, ainda que em uma perspectiva fragmentada, com pouca articulação entre os serviços da Rede.

Abstract Objective: To map the scientific evidence related to the organization of palliative care practices provided for the elderly in the Healthcare System. Materials and methods: This is a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute's method. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, VHL/Lilacs, Embase, and Cochrane databases, identifying 1,150 articles managed using the Endnote software. After the selection, the study sample consisted of 12 articles. The data were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, submitted to descriptive analysis, and discussed with the literature. Results: The relevance of palliative care practices for older adults to be organized in the Healthcare System was noted, focusing on primary healthcare, at home, and interdisciplinary coordination. However, there is still a fragmented offer of this care with limited considerations regarding the challenges and possibilities of its effectiveness. Conclusions: The mapping of scientific evidence on the subject shows that discussions regarding the insertion of palliative care in the Healthcare System are modest. The studies explore the role of primary care as the organizer of these practices, although in a fragmented perspective, with limited coordination between the Healthcare System services.

RESUMO O óleo de Caryocar villosum é usado na medicina popular amazônica para tratar dores e condições inflamatórias. Assim, avaliamos as propriedades antiinflamatórias e antinociceptivas do extrato etanólico obtido das cascas dos frutos desta espécie. Os testes de contorções induzidas por ácido acético, hiperalgesia mecânica induzida por carragenina, formalina, edema de pata induzido por carragenina e peritonite induzida por carragenina foram usados em camundongos. O extrato etanólico de C. villosum obtido das cascas dos frutos inibiu significativamente o número de contorções abdominais, a hiperalgesia mecânica e o tempo de lambida da pata na segunda fase do teste de formalina. Na dose de 300 mg kg-1, o extrato também reduziu significativamente o volume de edema formado na fase tardia e reduziu o recrutamento de leucócitos e neutrófilos na cavidade peritoneal, bem como os níveis de quimiocina CXCL1. Sugere-se que o extrato atenua o recrutamento de leucócitos por meio da inibição da ativação de CXCL1. A atividade antinociceptiva periférica ocorre por meio da modulação da via opioide pois o pré-tratamento com o extrato etanólico de C. villosum reverteu a antinocicepção induzida pela naltrexona.

ABSTRACT The oil of Caryocar villosum is used in Amazonian folk medicine to treat pain and inflammatory conditions. So, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the ethanolic extract obtained from the fruit peels of this species. The acetic acid-induced writhing, carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, formalin, carrageenan-induced paw edema and carrageenan-induced peritonitis tests were used on mice. The C. villosum ethanolic extract significantly inhibited the number of abdominal writhes, mechanical hyperalgesia and paw licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. At a dose of 300 mg kg-1, the extract also significantly reduced the volume of edema formed in the late phase and reduced the recruitment of leukocytes and neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity, as well as CXCL1 chemokine levels. It is suggested that the extract attenuates the leukocyte recruitment by inhibiting the CXCL1 activation. The peripheral antinociceptive activity occured through opioid pathway modulation because pretreatment with C. villosum ethanolic extract reversed the naltrexone-induced antinociception.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to predict the maximum flow of the Furnas reservoir in the dry and wet periods. The generalized distribution of extreme values (GEV) was used with parameter estimation via Bayesian inference. Data on average daily streamflows corresponding to the years 1965 to 2017 were obtained from Hidroweb, by the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico – ANA), from which maximum values were extracted, by period and in each year. Accuracy and mean error of prediction of maximum streamflows were analyzed, comparing the estimates provided by the Bayesian inference, with informative and non-informative prior distributions. Information from a series of maximum streamflows from the Camargos reservoir was used to elicit the informative prior distribution. The use of prior information provided an increase in the precision and accuracy of the maximum streamflow estimates. Thus, the GEV model, with informative a priori distribution, was used to predict the return levels of Furnas maximum streamflow with their respective high posterior density intervals considering several return times.

Resumen Realizamos cambios en la formulación original del enriquecimiento del medio Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris y evaluamos algunos aspectos, como el tiempo de crecimiento de Leptospira y la utilización en la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (MAT), comparándolos con el enriquecimiento original y un medio de enriquecimiento comercialmente disponible (DIFCOÔ). Se usaron muestras de Leptospira (24 antígenos) que componen nuestro panel de antígenos utilizados en la MAT, entre ellos, cepas autóctonas y de referencia aisladas en Brasil. Las muestras se cultivaron individualmente en medio Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris en las tres condiciones mencionadas (enriquecimiento adaptado, enriquecimiento original y enriquecimiento comercial). Adicionalmente, 89 sueros de sangre de animales domésticos y salvajes fueron analizados por MAT usando los antígenos cultivados en estos medios. Todas las muestras analizadas crecieron eficientemente con el enriquecimiento adaptado y los resultados de la MAT fueron satisfactorios. Por lo tanto, otros laboratorios también podrían beneficiarse del uso de este enriquecimiento adaptado al cultivar las cepas de Leptospira aplicadas en sus paneles MAT.

Abstract Changes were made to the original formulation of the EMJH medium (Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris) enrichment and some aspects such as growth time of Leptospira and utilization in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) were evaluated and compared to the original enrichment and to a commercially available enrichment (DIFCOÔ). Leptospira samples (24 antigens) that make up our panel of antigens used in MAT were used, among them, reference and autochthonous strains isolated in Brazil. The samples were grown individually in the EMJH medium under the three previously mentioned conditions (adapted enrichment, original enrichment and commercial enrichment). In addition, 89 blood serums from domestic and wild animals were analyzed by MAT using the antigens grown in these media. All samples tested grew efficiently with the adapted enrichment, and the MAT results were satisfactory. Therefore, other laboratories could also benefit from the use of this adapted enrichment when culturing the Leptospira strains applied in their MAT panels.