Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract Surge arresters are at the forefront of protection against voltage surges. The loss of the protective effect of surge arresters imposes accidents and unplanned shutdowns on the power system. It directly affects the interruption of power supplies and imposes fines on service providers. Monitoring and diagnostics in the lightning rod field require studies and work that present the degradation behaviour of surge arresters to help develop and improve existing techniques. This paper presents the development of a laboratory with a low-energy, mobile current waveform impulse generator. It allows for conducting aging tests by applying discharges to low-voltage zinc oxide surge arresters used in the energy distribution sector. Samples of surge arresters were subjected to the discharges produced by the developed generator, and they exhibited degradation, thus showing asymmetry between the positive and negative half-cycles of leakage current.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2024230669

Cancer mortality in Guarapari, Espiríto Santo State, Brazil, with areas of high natural radioactivity
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Ferreira, Rafael Gonçalves

; Angeli, Marcio Vinicius de Nardi de

; Barboza, Debora Rocha

; Carvalho-Silva, Gustavo de Paula Batista de

; Azevedo Junior, Romildo Rocha

; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 Nº 3 elocation e00089422

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Taxas de mortalidade maiores para os cânceres mais frequentes foram registradas entre 1996 e 2000 em Guarapari, um município do Espírito Santo, Brasil, onde se localizam praias com alta radioatividade natural. Para verificar a existência desse excesso de mortalidade por câncer em Guarapari, taxas de mortalidade por todas as causas, todos os cânceres e pelos cânceres mais prevalentes no município foram estudadas entre 2000 e 2018 e comparadas com aquelas observadas no estado. Dados de mortalidade por todas as causas, por câncer e por câncer de esôfago, estômago, laringe, traqueia, brônquios e pulmão, próstata, mama e leucemias foram coletados no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) de 2000 a 2018. As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas pelo método direto. As taxas padronizadas ajustadas por idade (TPAI) foram calculadas com base na população mundial padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram calculadas taxas brutas de mortalidade para cada município e as TPAI para o estado e para os nove municípios onde foi avaliada a radioatividade natural. A mortalidade por todas as causas, todos os cânceres e pelos diferentes cânceres investigados em Guarapari não diferiu significativamente daqueles observados no estado ou em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de radioatividade e as taxas de mortalidade nos nove municípios onde a radioatividade natural era conhecida. Em conclusão, os resultados mostraram que a mortalidade por câncer e por todas as causas em Guarapari não diferiu daquelas observadas no restante do estado. Além disso, não houve correlação entre os níveis de radioatividade natural e a mortalidade por câncer nas áreas onde a radioatividade natural foi avaliada.

Las mayores tasas de mortalidad por cáncer se registraron entre 1996 y 2000 en Guarapari, un municipio del estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, donde existen playas con alta radiactividad natural. Para verificar la existencia de mayor mortalidad por cáncer en Guarapari, se estudiaron las tasas de mortalidad por distintas causas, por los tipos de cáncer y por los tipos más prevalentes en este municipio entre 2000 y 2018, y se las compararon con las observadas en todo el estado. Los datos sobre la mortalidad por distintas causas, por cáncer y por cáncer de esófago, estómago, laringe, tráquea, bronquios y pulmón, próstata, mama y leucemias se recogieron del Departamento de Informática de SUS (DATASUS) sobre el periodo de 2000 a 2018. Las tasas de mortalidad se calcularon utilizando el método directo. Las tasas estandarizadas ajustadas por edad (TEAE) se calcularon con base en las de la población mundial estándar de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS). Se calcularon las tasas brutas de mortalidad para cada municipio y las TEAE para el estado y para los nueve municipios donde se evaluó la radiactividad natural. La mortalidad por distintas causas, por los tipos de cáncer y por los diferentes tipos de cáncer investigados en Guarapari no difirió significativamente de la observada en el estado o en los municipios con más de 100.000 habitantes. No hubo correlación entre los niveles de radiactividad y las tasas de mortalidad en los nueve municipios donde existe radiactividad natural. Se concluye que la mortalidad por cáncer y por distintas causas en Guarapari no difiere de los resultados observados en todo el estado. Además, no hubo correlación entre los niveles de radiactividad natural y la mortalidad por cáncer en las áreas donde se evaluó la radiactividad natural.

Guarapari, a municipality of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, reported higher mortality rates for the most common cancers from 1996 to 2000. This municipality has beaches with high natural radioactivity. To verify whether this excessive cancer mortality rate still exist in Guarapari, mortality rates for all causes, cancers, and the most prevalent cancers in this municipality were studied from 2000 to 2018 and compared with those observed in the state. Data on all-cause mortality, all-cancer mortality, and mortality from cancer of the esophagus, stomach, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lung, prostate, breast, and leukemias were collected in Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) from 2000 to 2018. Mortality rates were calculated by direct method. Standardized age-adjusted rates (SAAR) were calculated based on standard of the World Health Organization (WHO) world population. Crude mortality rates were calculated for each municipality and SAAR for the state and nine municipalities where natural radioactivity was evaluated. Mortality rates from all causes, all cancers, and different cancers observed in Guarapari did not differ significantly from those observed in the state or municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Radioactivity levels and mortality rates showed no correlation in nine municipalities where natural radioactivity was known. In conclusion, results showed that mortality from cancer and all causes in Guarapari did not differ from those observed in the state and that there was no correlation between the levels of natural radioactivity and mortality from cancer in areas where natural radioactivity was evaluated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen089422

Role of the NF-kB/parkin/vegfr-1 pathway associated with hypoxic-ischemic insult in germinal matrix samples of newborn infants
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Ghirelli, Eliane Amaral

; Silva, Felipe Paes Gomes da

; Oricil, Alessandro Gonçalves Gomes

; Paula, Caroline Busatta Vaz de

; Nagashima, Seigo

; Oldenburg Neto, Carlos Frederico

; Storti, Eduardo

; Sakiyama, Fernando Yochiteru Rolim

; Kayano, Rafael Martins

; Sakiyama, Renata Rolim

; Moreira, Vinícius da Silva

; Sotomaior, Vanessa Santos

; Noronha, Lucia de

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e2022034

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Objective: Given the high proliferative activity of germinal matrix and its direct correlation with hypoxemia, it is necessary to investigate the possible molecular regulation pathways, to understand the existing clinical relationship between the hypoxic-ischemic insult and the biomarkers NF-kB, AKT-3, Parkin, TRK-C and VEGFR-1. Methods: A hundred and eighteen germinal matrix samples of the central nervous system of patients who died in the first 28 days of life were submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis to identify the tissue immunoexpression of those biomarkers related to asphyxia, prematurity, and death events within 24h. Results: A significantly increased tissue immunoexpression of NF-kB, AKT-3 and Parkin was observed in the germinal matrix of preterm infants. In addition, significantly decreased tissue immunoexpression of VEGFR-1 and NF-kB was observed in patients who experienced asphyxia followed by death within 24 hours. Conclusions: The results suggest a direct involvement between the hypoxic-ischemic insult and NF-kB and VEGFR-1 markers since a decreased immunoexpression of these biomarkers was observed in asphyxiated patients. Furthermore, it is suggested that there was not enough time for VEGFR-1 to be transcribed, translated and expressed on the surface of the plasma membrane. This temporality can be observed in the relationship between NF-kB expression and the survival time of individuals who died within 24 hours, suggesting that this factor is essential for the production of VEGFR-1 and, therefore, to carry out the necessary remodeling effect to neovascularize the affected region.

RESUMO Objetivo: Dada a alta atividade proliferativa da matriz germinativa e sua correlação direta com a hipoxemia, é necessário investigar as possíveis vias de regulação molecular para entender a relação clínica existente entre o insulto hipóxico-isquêmico e os biomarcadores NF-kB, AKT -3, Parkina, TRK-C e VEGFR-1. Métodos: Cento e dezoito amostras de matriz germinativa do sistema nervoso central de pacientes que faleceram nos primeiros 28 dias de vida foram submetidas a análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica para identificar a imunoexpressão tecidual desses biomarcadores relacionados a eventos de asfixia, prematuridade e óbito em 24 horas. Resultados: Observou-se uma imunoexpressão tecidual significativamente aumentada de NF-kB, AKT-3 e Parkin na matriz germinativa de prematuros. Além disso, constatou-se uma imunoexpressão tecidual significativamente diminuída de VEGFR-1 e de NF-kB em pacientes que apresentaram asfixia seguida de morte em 24 horas. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o envolvimento direto entre o insulto hipóxico-isquêmico e os marcadores NF-kB e VEGFR-1, visto que se observou uma imunoexpressão diminuída destes biomarcadores nos pacientes asfixiados. Além disso, sugere-se que não houve tempo suficiente para que o VEGFR-1 fosse transcrito, traduzido e expresso na superfície da membrana plasmática. Essa temporalidade pode ser observada na relação entre a expressão de NF-kB e o tempo de vida dos indivíduos que morreram em 24 horas, o que sugere que esse fator é essencial para a produção do VEGFR-1 e, portanto, para realizar o efeito remodelador necessário para neovascularizar a região afetada.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2022034

Agroforestry system improves soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in depth after land-use changes in the Brazilian semi-arid region
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Tonucci, Rafael Gonçalves

; Vogado, Renato Falconeres

; Silva, Rodrigo Dias

; Pompeu, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco

; Oda-Souza, Melissa

; Souza, Henrique Antunes de

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e0220124

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems have the potential to increase soil organic matter, with effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents, but information on the application of these systems in semi-arid regions is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in the conversion of native forest from the Caatinga Biome into integrated agriculture systems in the Brazilian semi-arid region. We evaluated the following management systems in the Haplic Inceptisol (Cambissolo Háplico eutrófico): (1) Intercropping area, cultivated with corn and Massai grass; (2) Caatinga (natural vegetation); (3) AFS10: agroforestry system with native woody forest rows occupying 33 % and agriculture occupying 66 % of the total area; and (4) AFS20: agroforestry system presenting inverse proportions of AFS10. The agroforestry systems were intercropped with sorghum or millet, pigeon pea and Massai grass. We collected disturbed and undisturbed soil samples at the layers of 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60 and 0.60-1.00 m for analysis of carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), soil bulk density, and calculation of SOC and N stocks and C/N ratio, two years after the conversion of natural vegetation to the agricultural area (intercropping) and agroforestry system (AFS10 and AFS20). We applied principal component and cluster analysis to explore the data, and confidence interval to compare the means of accumulated SOC and N stocks up to 1 m soil depth. No differences exist for the properties analysed in superficial layers (0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), regardless of land-use systems. AFS20 increase the SOC content and, consequently, SOC stock, in subsurface layers; on the other hand, intercropping increases N content and N stock. AFS20 presented higher accumulated SOC stocks up to 1.00 m (114.97 Mg ha-1). Agroforestry systems management is an alternative for increasing carbon sequestration under the conversion from Caatinga to agricultural areas.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20220124

Cancer mortality in Guarapari, Espiríto Santo State, Brazil, with areas of high natural radioactivity
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Ferreira, Rafael Gonçalves

; Angeli, Marcio Vinicius de Nardi de

; Barboza, Debora Rocha

; Carvalho-Silva, Gustavo de Paula Batista de

; Azevedo Junior, Romildo Rocha

; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 Nº 3 elocation e00089422

Resumo: En Es Pt | Texto: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen089422

Effects of local and remote ischemic postconditioning methods on ischemiareperfusion injury in a young animal model of acute mesenteric ischemia
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Abreu, Mateus Souza

; Tannuri, Ana Cristina Aoun

; Rodrigues, Rafael Felipe Gonçalves

; Silva, Rafael José da

; Gonçalves, Josiane de Oliveira

; Serafini, Suellen

; Tannuri, Uenis

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2023, Volume 38 elocation e381323

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a condition in pediatric surgery that ranges from intestine necrosis to death. Ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) methods were developed to reduce the damage caused by revascularization. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these methods in an experimental weaning rat model. Methods: Thirty-two 21-day-old Wistar rats were allocated into four groups according to the surgical procedure performed: control, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), local (LIPoC) and remote IPoC (RIPoC). At euthanasia, fragments of the intestine, liver, lungs, and kidneys were submitted to histological, histomorphometric, and molecular analyses. Results: In the duodenum, intestines, and kidneys histological alterations promoted by IRI were reversed by remote postconditioning method. In the distal ileum, the histomorphometric alterations could be reversed by the postconditioning methods with more evident effects promoted by the remote method. The molecular analysis found that the levels of expression of Bax (proapoptotic) and Bcl-XL (antiapoptotic) genes in the intestine were increased by IRI. These alterations were equally reversed by the postconditioning methods, with more evident effects of the remote method. Conclusions: IPoC methods positively reduced the damage caused by IRI in weaning rats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/acb381323

First report of putative Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) in Leishmania infantum strains from canine and human visceral leishmaniasis cases in the southeast of Brazil
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Rêgo, Felipe Dutra

; da Silva, Eduardo Sérgio

; Lopes, Valeriana Valadares

; Teixeira-Neto, Rafael Gonçalves

; Belo, Vinícius Silva

; Fonseca Júnior, Antônio Augusto

; Pereira, Diego Andrade

; Pena, Heber Paulino

; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra

; Araújo, Gabriela V

; da Matta, Vânia Lúcia Ribeiro

; Chouman, Islam Hussein

; Burrin, Thainá Bergantin

; Sandoval, Carmen M

; Barrouin-Melo, Stella Maria

; de Pinho, Flaviane Alves

; de Andrade, Hélida Monteiro

; Nunes, Ramon Vieira

; Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira

; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz

; Klocek, Donnamae

; Grybchuk, Danyil

; Macedo, Diego Henrique

; do Monte-Neto, Rubens Lima

; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav

; Soares, Rodrigo Pedro

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230071

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) is commonly found in South American Leishmania parasites belonging to the subgenus Viannia, whereas Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) was previously thought to be restricted to the Old-World pathogens of the subgenus Leishmania. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the presence of LRV2 in strains of Leishmania (L.) infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), originating from different hosts, clinical forms, and geographical regions. METHODS A total of seventy-one isolates were screened for LRV2 using semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. FINDINGS We detected LRV2 in two L. infantum isolates (CUR268 and HP-EMO) from canine and human cases, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of LRV2 in the New World.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230071

Adaptability and stability via mixed models in elephantgrass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) varieties for energy purposes
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Ambrósio, Moisés

; Daher, Rogério Figueiredo

; Santana, Josefa Grasiela Silva

; Gonçalves Júnior, Deurimar Herênio

; Leite, Cleudiane Lopes

; Vidal, Ana Kesia Faria

; Nascimento, Maxwel Rodrigues

; Freitas, Rafael Souza

; Souza, Alexandre Gomes de

; Stida, Wanessa Francesconi

; Santos, Raiane Mariani

; Farias, João Esdras Calaça

Bragantia

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2023, Volume 82 elocation e20230150

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Elephant grass stands out among lignocellulosic biomass plants utilized for second-generation biofuel production due to several advantageous characteristics compared to other raw materials. Its short production cycle and ability to thrive in adverse soil and climate conditions contribute to its appeal. Additionally, breeders seek genotypes with high productivity potential and adaptability to various favorable cultivation environments. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, predict genetic values using mixed models (REML/BLUP), and evaluate stability and adaptability for energy biomass production in elephant grass genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, utilizing a two-replicate experimental block design that included 40 elephant grass genotypes. Four harvest assessments were performed between 2016 and 2019. Genetic parameter estimation and selection of superior genotypes based on genetic value using the REML/BLUP procedure were performed using Selegen software. Stability and adaptability analyses were obtained through the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), enabling the identification of stable and highly productive genotypes. Genotypes 17, 18, 32, 16, 36, 6, 15, 31, and 34 exhibited outstanding performance in terms of HMGV, indicating enhanced stability, adaptability, and simultaneous productivity, thus ensuring robustness in cultivation. These selected genotypes hold potential for future breeding programs aimed at improving elephant grass yield for biomass production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230150

Production costs and economic indicators in the complete cycle of crossbred dairy calves
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BELIZÁRIO, Diogo da Silva

; FERRO, Rafael Alves da Costa

; FERRO, Diogo Alves da Costa

; TOMAZELLO, Danilo Augusto

; SANTOS, Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos

; SANTOS, Klayto José Gonçalves dos

; AQUINO, Lídia Mendes de

; SILVA, Bruna Paula Alves da

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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2023, Volume 24 elocation e20230024

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The complete rearing cycle of dairy calves is not yet widely adopted by rural producers, possibly because they do not perceive these animals as potential meat producers or are unaware of their production capabilities. This study aimed to assess the economic viability of rearing dairy calves through their entire growth cycle. Sixteen Holstein × Gyr crossbred animals were assessed, originating from dairy farming, with an average initial weight of 40.67 ± 5.27 kg and slaughtered at 10 months of age, reaching a final weight of 320.4 ± 45.87 kg. These calves were reared in a feedlot system and received a mash diet without the inclusion of roughage. The experiment was conducted on a farm primarily focused on dairy farming, situated in the municipality of Turvânia, GO, Brazil. Economic evaluations were conducted at the conclusion of the production cycle, with the calculation of the value of the arroba (@ = 15 kg) produced. Data were analyzed using a production cost structure methodology, which included effective operating cost, total operating cost, and total cost. The following economic indicators were examined: gross revenue, gross margin, net margin, and the break-even point. Results were highly promising, demonstrating a profit from raising dairy male calves, with a net margin per animal of BRL 321.50. Additionally, these animals displayed noteworthy potential for weight gain and carcass quality. A total of 149.19 @ were produced, averaging 9.32 @ per animal, with a production cost of BRL 105.52, encompassing expenses such as milk consumption, concentrate diet, and labor, which amounted to BRL 1.18 per month per animal. These findings underscore the economic feasibility of this rearing system.

Resumo O ciclo completo de bezerros leiteiros ainda não é muito utilizado pelos produtores rurais, por não considerarem esses animais como produtores de carne, ou pelo motivo de não conhecerem o potencial de produção. Objetivou-se avaliar os índices econômicos do ciclo completo em bezerros leiteiros. Foram avaliados 16 animais mestiços Holandês x Gir, oriundos da atividade leiteira com peso médio inicial de 40,67 ± 5,27 kg, abatidos aos 10 meses de vida com peso final de 320,4 ± 45,87 kg, mantidos em sistema de confinamento recebendo dieta farelada sem o uso de volumoso. O experimento foi conduzido em uma propriedade com principal fonte renda à atividade leiteira, no munícipio de Turvânia-GO. As avaliações econômicas foram feitas no final do ciclo de produção, com o cálculo do valor da arroba (@) produzida, para a interpretação dos dados utilizou-se a metodologia da estrutura de custos de produção: custo operacional efetivo, custo operacional total e custo total. Foram analisados os seguintes indicadores econômicos: receita bruta, margem bruta, margem líquida e ponto de equilíbrio. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, ao apresentarem lucro com utilização dos machos leiteiros, com Margem Líquida por animal de R$ 321.50, além do potencial de ganho de peso e qualidade de carcaça desses animais. Foram produzidas 149,19 @ com média de 9,32 @ animal-¹, com o custo de produção de R$ 105,52 incluindo o leite consumido, dieta concentrada e a mão-de-obra no valor de R$ 1,18 ao mês por animal, demonstrando viabilidade econômica do sistema.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-994020230024

10.

Desempenho silvicultural de progênies de Parkia multijuga Benth. no Amazonas três anos após o plantio
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Guimarães, Zilza Thayane Matos

; Lopes, Kamilla Freire Limongi

; Barbosa, Mônica de Souza

; Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos

; Silva, Thalita Vitória Mamede

; Oliveira, Rafael Gonçalves de

; Lima Júnior, Manuel de Jesus Vieira

; Martins, Narrúbia Oliveira de Almeida

; Ferreira, Marciel José

Ciência Florestal

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Mar 2022, Volume 32 Nº 1 Páginas 43 - 70

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Os ensaios de progênies constituem estratégias de conservação genética ex situ e também de melhoramento genético, pois permitem selecionar genótipos de melhor qualidade e elevada produtividade. No entanto, o melhoramento genético florestal não tem sido devidamente aplicado para espécies nativas da região Amazônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se progênies de Parkia multijuga possuem desempenho silvicultural diferenciado e se é possível agrupá-las em diferentes classes de desempenho. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento de blocos casualizados com 14 progênies, sendo, ao total,18 mudas por cada progênie plantadas em seis blocos (252 plantas). Três anos após o plantio foram avaliados os caracteres: diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura total, altura do fuste, diâmetro da copa, comprimento da copa, área de copa, proporção de copa, grau de esbeltez (GE), índice de abrangência (IA), índice de saliência (IS), ocorrência de bifurcação, percentual de indivíduos com fuste retilíneo e o estado fitossanitário. Foram também calculados: a sobrevivência, o incremento médio anual em altura e diâmetro e o índice de resposta integrada (IRI = sobrevivência e incrementos). O IRI variou cerca de três vezes entre a melhor e a pior progênie, da qual as progênies 7, 6, 11 e 10 tiveram os maiores valores de IRI. Uma análise de componentes principais com as características silviculturais de maior interesse (IRI, DAP, GE, fuste retilíneo, bifurcação e estado fitossanitário) permitiu agrupar as progênies 6, 7 e 11 entre aquelas com melhor desempenho silvicultural. A maior parte das progênies apresentou desempenho intermediário e semelhante entre si, sendo o pior desempenho para a maioria das características relacionado à progênie 2. Progênies de Parkia multijuga divergem quanto ao desempenho silvicultural durante o estabelecimento inicial dos plantios. Logo, o agrupamento das progênies com melhores desempenhos é fundamental na seleção de materiais genéticos superiores para a composição de plantios de produção desta espécie na região Amazônica.

ABSTRACT Progeny tests are strategies for ex situ genetic conservation and genetic improvement, as they allow the selection of genotypes of better quality and high productivity. However, the tree genetic improvement has not been properly applied to native species of the Amazon region. We investigated if Parkia multijuga progenies have different silvicultural performance and if it is possible to cluster them into different performance classes. The experiment was settled in a complete random block design with 14 progenies, a total of 18 seedlings from each progeny planted in six blocks (252 plants). Three years after planting, the following variables were evaluated: diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, stem height, crown diameter, crown length, crown area, crown ratio, slenderness (S), range index (RI), salience index (SI), bifurcation occurrence, percentage of individuals with rectilinear stem and phytosanitary status. Survival, mean annual increment in height and diameter and the integrated response index (IRI = survival and increments) were also calculated. IRI varied about three times between the best and the worst progeny, of which the progenies 7, 6, 11 and 10 had the highest IRI values. The Principal Component Analysis of the most interesting silvicultural characteristics (IRI, DBH, GE, rectilinear stem, bifurcation, and phytosanitary status) allowed to group progenies 6, 7 and 11 among those with the best silvicultural performance. Most progenies showed intermediate and similar performance, being the worst performance for most traits related to the progeny 2. Progenies of Parkia multijuga diverge as to the silvicultural performance during the initial establishment of the plantations. Therefore, the grouping of progenies with better performance is fundamental in the selection of superior genetic material for the composition of productive plantations of this species in the Amazon region.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509839133

11.

Physical, Morphological, Structural, Thermal and Antimicrobial Characterization of Films based on Poly(Lactic Acid), Organophilic Montmorillonite and Oregano Essential Oil
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Silva, Lucas Rafael Carneiro da

; Silva, Lucas Oliveira da

; Carvalho, Laura Hecker de

; Oliveira, Amanda Dantas de

; Bardi, Marcelo Augusto Gonçalves

; Mesquita, Avilnete Belém de Souza

; Ferreira, Josie Haydée Lima

; Alves, Tatianny Soares

; Barbosa, Renata

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e20220043

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This work developed ternary films based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA), Cloisite 30B (C30B) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) as proposal to be applied in food packaging. The films thus manufactured were unscathed, with reduced surface defects. Their thickness and moisture content varied according to the composition and content of each component in the formulation. Optical micrographs indicated a homogeneous morphology, with good distribution of clay in the matrix. FTIR data confirms the incorporation of OEO into the films. TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the films was not significantly affected by the incorporation of C30B and OEO. OEO incorporation did not promote an efficient antimicrobial action which is probably due to its retention by the clay. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The combination between C30B and OEO in the PLA polymeric matrix is a promising proposal.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0043

12.

Long-term measurements of aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing (2011-2017) over Central Amazonia
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Palácios, Rafael da Silva

; Artaxo, Paulo

; Cirino, Glauber Guimarães

; Nakale, Valeria

; Morais, Fernando Gonçalves de

; Rothmund, Lucas Douglas

; Biudes, Marcelo Sacardi

; Machado, Nadja Gomes

; Curado, Leone Francisco Amorim

; Marques, João Basso

; Nogueira, José de Souza

Atmósfera

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2022, Volume 35 Nº 1 Páginas 143 - 163

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The Amazon region is one of the most pristine continental areas whose concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles are very low, mainly in the wet season. This study provides observational results of aerosol optical and radiative characteristics in situ as well as atmospheric columnar at a pristine forest in Central Amazonia. Spectral variation of the aerosol properties (aerosol optical depth [AOD], single scattering albedo [SSA], and asymmetry parameter [AP]) was evaluated using the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. The SSA values under natural atmospheric column conditions (AERONET) were compared to the SSA values calculated with in situ measurements. The values of shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) on top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface (SUR) were estimated using the SBDART model and were validated with the AERONET values with regression analysis. SWARF had a high correlation to TOA (0.97) and SUR (0.92), including dry and wet seasons. Monthly, seasonal and annual mean values of SWARFTOA and SWARFSUR were negative while SWARFATM values were positive. SWARFTOA was -9.18 ± 2.80 W m-2 and SWARFSUR was -20.77 ± 5.04 W m-2 in the dry season, inducing a heating rate (HR) of 0.37 ± 0.13 K.day-1. This study showed that, for a long series of measurements, the effects caused by aerosols on the radiative flux in the pristine forest of Central Amazonia were of the order of SWARFTOA of -3.66 ± 1.59 W m-2 and SWARFSUR of -11.86 ± 2.35 W m-2 during the wet season.

RESUMEN La región del Amazonas es una de las áreas continentales más impolutas, cuyas concentraciones de gases traza atmosféricos y partículas de aerosol son muy bajas, sobre todo en la estación húmeda. El presente estudio proporciona resultados observacionales in situ tanto de las características ópticas y radiativas como de la columna atmosférica de los aerosoles en un bosque virgen de la Amazonia Central. Se evaluó la variación espectral de las propiedades de los aerosoles (profundidad óptica de aerosoles [AOD, por sus siglas en inglés], albedo de dispersión simple [SSA] y parámetro de asimetría [AP]) utilizando para ello datos de la Red Robótica de Aerosoles (AERONET). Los valores de SSA en condiciones naturales de la columna atmosférica (obtenidos de AERONET) se compararon con valores de SSA obtenidos de mediciones in situ. Se estimaron los valores del forzamiento radiativo de onda corta (SWARF) en el techo de la atmósfera (TOA) y en la superficie (SUR) con datos del modelo SBDART y se validaron con valores de AERONET utilizando análisis de regresión. Los valores de SWARF tuvieron una alta correlación con los de TOA (0.97) y SUR (0.92), incluyendo las temporadas húmeda y seca. Los valores promedio mensuales, estacionales y anuales de SWARFTOA y SWARFSUR fueron negativos, en tanto que los de SWARFATM fueron positivos. Los valores de SWARFTOA fueron de -9.18 ± 2.80 W m-2 y los de SWARFSUR de -20.77 ± 5.04 W m-2 en la estación seca, induciendo una tasa de calentamiento (HR) de 0.37 ± 0.13 K día-1. El presente estudio muestra que, para series largas de medición, los efectos ocasionados por los aerosoles en el flujo radiativo en un bosque virgen de la Amazonia Central fueron del orden de -3.66 ± 1.59 W m-2 para SWARFTOA y de -11.86 ± 2.35 W m-2 para SWARFSUR durante la temporada húmeda.

https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.52892 11 downloads

13.

Performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits in sheep finished on diets containing canola (Brassica napus L.)
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Carneiro, Mayara Mitiko Yoshiraha

; Goes, Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de

; Sabedot, Mayara Andressa

; Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues

; Gabriel, Andrea Maria de Araujo

; Oliveira, Raquel Tenório de

; Silva, Nayara Gonçalves da

; Anschau, Douglas Gabriel

Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences

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2022, Volume 44 elocation e53686

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits in lambs finished on different levels of canola grain in the diet. Twenty-seven Santa Ines lambs with an average initial weight of 19.33 ± 1.39 kg were given different levels of canola grain in the diet: 0, 8, and 16%. Weights and body condition scores were determined at the beginning, every 14 days and at the end of the experimental period. Animals were slaughtered to assess gastrointestinal morphometry, carcass and non-carcass traits. The statistical design used was completely randomized. The inclusion of canola grain showed a linear effect (0.723) for the width and height of ruminal papillae in the ventral region of the rumen. Intestinal villi and crypts showed a quadratic effect, with peaks of 0.62 µm and 0.43 µm, with the inclusion of 8 and 16%, respectively. When evaluating carcass traits, a decreasing linear effect was found for hot and cold carcass yield with 16% inclusion of canola. Canola grain can be used as an alternative in diets for finishing sheep up to 8% inclusion in the diet without affecting performance, ruminal and intestinal histometry, carcass, and non-carcass traits.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53686

14.

Chitosan combined with technical cashew nut shell liquid improves in vitro ruminal parameters and gas production kinetics
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Vieira, Elis Regina de Queiroz

; Goes, Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de

; Diaz, Tatiana Garcia

; Osmari, Milene Puntel

; Seno, Leonardo de Oliveira

; Ítavo, Luís Carlos Vinhas

; Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues

; Anschau, Douglas Gabriel

; Oliveira, Raquel Tenório de

; Silva, Nayara Gonçalves da

; Jacaúna, Amanna Gonzaga

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2022, Volume 51 elocation e20200186

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the inclusion of chitosan (CHI) and technical cashew nut shell liquid (CNSLt) as natural feed additives in cattle diets on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and in vitro gas production kinetics. We conducted a completely randomized design with 5×4 factorial arrangement, with 20, 35, 50, 65, and 100% Tifton 85 hay and four additives, monensin (200 mg/kg DM), CNSLt (500 mg/kg DM), CHI (500 mg/kg DM), and CNSLt+CHI (500 mg/kg DM/each). Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility showed a linear reduction according to forage levels. The highest DM digestibility was observed with CHI on cattle diets. Inclusion of CHI increased DM digestibility. The highest in vitro organic matter and crude protein (CP) digestibilities were observed for CNSLt+CHI. The in vitro dry matter digestibility increased linearly with concentrate in the diet. There was interaction of forage:concentrate ratio and the additives for neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and hemicellulose digestibility. Chitosan, CNSLt, and CNSLt+CHI promoted the lowest acetate:propionate ratio compared with monensin. Total gas production showed interaction of the forage:concentrate ratio and additives. Lag time was lowest with CNSLt+CHI. Chitosan and CNSLt can be considered alternative fermentation modulators to ionophores by improving nutrient digestibility and increasing ruminal propionate concentrations.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5120200186

15.

Performance and carcass and meat quality of crossbred sheep confined with and without access to artificial shade
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FERRO, Diogo Alves da Costa

; AQUINO, Lídia Mendes de

; FERRO, Rafael Alves da Costa

; SILVA, Bruna Paula Alves da

; SANTOS, Klayto José Gonçalves dos

; SANTOS, Aracele Pinheiro Pales dos

; BUENO, Claúdia Peixoto

; PAULA, Raiany Soares de

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal

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2022, Volume 23 elocation e22232022

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, qualidade de carcaça e carne de ovinos em sistema intensivo de produção, com e sem disponibilidade de sombra artificial. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês x Dorper, distribuídos em duas baias coletivas, onde em uma das baias foi implantado o sombrite de malha de polipropileno, na coloração preta, com 80% de interceptação luminosa, respeitando 2,5m2 de sombra. animal-1. No desempenho foi avaliado o peso inicial, peso final, rendimento de carcaça, ganho de peso médio diário e ganho de peso total. Para as características de carcaça e carne, foram observados o acabamento, conformação, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, marmoreio, textura, pH, temperatura e coloração. Foram observados valores semelhantes de desempenho e características de carcaça e carne entre os animais criados em baias com e sem acesso ao sombreamento. O peso inicial foi de 26,52 kg e 25,37 kg, peso final de 35,59 kg e 34,76 kg, com rendimento de carcaça de 45,73% e 45,50%, área de olho de lombo de 14,11 cm2 e 13,61 cm2, marmoreio de 4,78 e 4,44 para os animais com e sem sombreamento, respectivamente. Os valores de espessura de gordura subcutânea (2,02 cm), textura (3,67) e acabamento (2) foram iguais para ambos os grupos de animais. Pelos resultados obtidos, considera-se que o sombreamento artificial não interferiu no desempenho e qualidade de carcaça e carne ovina.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass and meat quality of sheep in an intensive production system with and without artificial shade available. Twenty Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs were allotted to two collective stalls, one of which was covered with a black polypropylene shade net with 80% light interception, providing 2.5 m2 shade animal-1. Performance was evaluated by measuring initial weight, final weight, carcass yield, average daily weight gain, and total weight gain. Carcass and meat traits were evaluated based on the variables of fatness, conformation, loin-eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling, texture, pH, temperature, and color. Performance and carcass and meat traits were similar between the animals reared in stalls with and without shade available. The groups with and without access to shade showed initial weights of 26.52 and 25.37 kg, final weights of 35.59 and 34.76 kg, carcass yields of 45.73 and 45.50%, loin-eye areas of 14 .11 and 13.61 cm2, and marbling scores of 4.78 and 4.44, respectively. Subcutaneous fat thickness (2.02 cm), texture (3.67), and fatness (2) values were equal for both groups. Based on the results, artificial shading did not affect the performance or carcass and meat quality of the sheep.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-994022232022

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