Abstract Background: The VI Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies against HEp-2 cells for determination of autoantibodies against cellular constituents on HEp-2 cells was held on September, 2019, in Fortaleza (CE, Brazil). The guidelines in this edition were formulated by the group of Brazilian experts discussing the classification of complex patterns, the classification of the nuclear discrete dots (few and multiple), the identification of the discrete fine speckled pattern (AC-4a) and improvements on the ANA report. Mainbody: Sixteen Brazilian researchers and experts from universities and clinical laboratories representing the various geographical regions of Brazil participated in the meeting. Four main topics were discussed: (1) How to classify patterns with fluorescence in more than one cell compartment considering three relevant categoris: composite patterns, mixed patterns and multiple patterns; (2) The splitting of the discrete nuclear dots pattern into the multiple discrete nuclear dots (AC-6) and few discrete nuclear dots (AC-7) patterns, respectively; (3) Inclusion of a novel nuclear pattern characterized by discrete fine speckled pattern highly associated with antibodies to SS-A/Ro60, classified as AC-4a. In addition, adjustments on the Brazilian Consensus nomenclature were implemented aiming to harmonize the designation of some patterns with the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP). Furthermore, the designations of the PCNA-like pattern (AC-13), CENP-F-like pattern (AC-14) and Topo I-like pattern (AC-29) were adjusted in accordance to ICAP. Finally, there was a recommendation for adjustment in the test report in order to address the status of nuclear envelope staining. For all topics, the aim was to establish specific guidelines for laboratories and clinicians. All recommendations were based on consensus among participants. All recommendations from the V Consensus were maintained and there was relevant progress in the BCA/HEp-2 guidelines and further harmonization with ICAP. Conclusion: The VI BCA/HEp-2 edition was successful in establishing important recommendations regarding the classification of complex patterns, in supporting the identification of a novel pattern within the AC-4 group and in the harmonization process with the ICAP terminology.

Resumo A gravidez e a lactação são estados de intensa variação hormonal e mudanças estruturais e secretórias no parênquima mamário. Essas alterações se traduzem em características importantes nos aspectos de imagem da mama, bem como propiciam o surgimento de lesões benignas e malignas específicas. A presente revisão de literatura tem por objetivo discutir a segurança da utilização dos métodos imagem da mama (mamografia, ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética) durante o ciclo gravídico-lactacional e apresentar as alterações fisiológicas esperadas e os aspectos de imagem das principais doenças mamárias que podem ocorrer nesse período, como galactocele, adenoma lactacional, fibroadenoma, mastites puerperais e câncer de mama relacionado à gestação.

Abstract Pregnancy and lactation constitute states of intense hormonal variation with secretory and structural changes in the breast parenchyma. These changes translate into important features on breast imaging, as well as the emergence of specific benign and malignant lesions. This literature review aims to discuss the safety of the use of breast imaging methods (mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging) during the pregnancy-lactation cycle, and to present the expected physiological changes and imaging appearance of the main breast diseases that may occur in this period, such as galactocele, lactating adenoma, fibroadenoma, puerperal mastitis, and pregnancy-associated breast cancer.

Resumo O objetivo destas recomendações é orientar o tratamento apropriado de indução em pacientes com vasculite associada a anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (VAA) ativa. As recomendações propostas pelo Comitê de Vasculopatias da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia para a terapia de indução para vasculites associadas aos anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (VAA), inclusive granulomatose com poliangiite, poliangiite microscópica e vasculite limitada ao rim, foram baseadas em uma revisão sistemática da literatura e na opinião de especialistas. A revisão da literatura foi feita com as bases de dados Medline (PubMed), Embase e Cochrane para consultar artigos até outubro de 2016. As diretrizes Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Principais itens para reportar revisões sistemáticas e metanálises) foram usadas para a revisão sistemática e os artigos foram avaliados de acordo com os níveis de evidência Oxford. Dezesseis recomendações foram feitas em relação a diferentes aspectos da terapia de indução para VAA. O objetivo dessas recomendações é servir como um guia para decisões terapêuticas por profissionais da saúde no tratamento de pacientes com VAA que apresentem a doença ativa.

Abstract The purpose of these recommendations is to guide the appropriate induction treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with active disease. The recommendations proposed by the Vasculopathies Committee of the Brazilian Society Rheumatology for induction therapy of AAV, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis and renal-limited vasculitis, were based on systematic literature review and expert opinion. Literature review was performed using Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane database to retrieve articles until October 2016. PRISMA guidelines were used for the systematic review and articles were assessed according to the Oxford levels of evidence. Sixteen recommendations were made regarding different aspects of induction therapy for AAV. The purpose of these recommendations is to serve as a guide for therapeutic decisions by health care professionals in the management of AAV patients presenting active disease.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a participação de acadêmicos brasileiros da fase de coleta de dados do projeto de pesquisa internacional e colaborativo iSquare, sediado na Universidade de Toronto, Canadá. As origens e fundamentos teóricos do estudo são discutidos com doze países que investigaram as concepções visuais de informação de estudantes de pós-graduação, utilizando a técnica de pesquisa “desenhe e escreva” (draw-and-write). Este artigo representa uma inovação metodológica pelo uso de métodos visuais de arte-informada (arts-informed), os quais são raros na Ciência da Informação. A equipe do Brasil descobriu fatores socioculturais que influenciam as concepções visuais de informação dos estudantes, e esses podem ser comparados com outros iSquares de outras partes do mundo. Este artigo justifica a abordagem do iSquare como método investigativo e pedagógico, proporcionando a estudantes e educadores modos multimídia, divertidos e amplos de engajar o conceito de informação em sala de aula. Como exemplo de pesquisa visual de arte-informada, este artigo apresenta notáveis exemplos dos dados originais desenhados pelos participantes.

Abstract This article presents the perspective of Brazilian scholars from the Federal University of Paraíba as they participated in the data collection phase of the collaborative, international iSquare research project, based at the University of Toronto, Canada. It discusses the origins and theoretical foundations of the study in which scholars from twelve countries investigated graduate students´ visual conceptions of information, using the draw-and-write technique. The article enacts a methodological innovation, since arts-informed, visual methods are rare in Information Science. The team from Brazil discovered sociocultural factors that influence students´ visual conceptions about information, and these can be compared to other iSquares from around the world. The article justifies the iSquare approach as an investigative and pedagogical method, providing students and educators with a multimedia, playful, and spacious means to engage the concept of information in the classroom. As an example of arts-informed, visual research, the article includes striking examples of the original data drawn by the participants.

O cultivo da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tem uma estreita relação com a formação do Brasil, especialmente com a agricultura familiar de pequena escala. Esta espécie ainda é muito importante na subsistência de milhões de pequenos agricultores no país - especialmente nas regiões setentrionais - e desempenha um papel significativo na dieta da população das áreas rurais. Apesar dessa importância histórica, o cultivo da mandioca por pequenos agricultores sofreu grandes transformações nos últimos dois séculos, inclusive um acentuado declínio, observado em algumas regiões de maior crescimento econômico, como aquela que abrange hoje o estado de São Paulo. Este artigo analisa o declínio e quase completo colapso do cultivo de mandioca na agricultura de pequena escala do estado de São Paulo, entre o século XVI e meados do XX, assim como os fatores socioeconômicos, culturais e ambientais que interagiram desde o século XVIII para formar esse cenário.

Manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivation is closely related to the historical formation of Brazil, particularly with small-scale family farming. This crop is still very important in the subsistence of millions of smallholders in the country - especially, in the northern regions - and plays a significant role in people's diet in rural areas. Despite its historical importance, small scale manioc cultivation has been gone through many changes in the last two centuries, which include a sharp decline observed in the regions with major economic growth such as the one in which the State of São Paulo is located. This paper analyzes the decline and almost complete collapse of manioc cultivation in the small-scale agriculture of São Paulo State between the sixteenth century until the mid-twentieth century as well as the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental factors that have interplayed since the eighteenth century, resulting in the present day scenario.

OBJECTIVES: Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial agent that has been used in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis treatment for many years. Recently, novel mechanisms of action have been proposed, thereby broadening the therapeutic perspective of this medication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of hydroxychloroquine in T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines in healthy individuals and patients. METHODS: Eighteen female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (mean age 39.0±12.9 years) and 13 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (mean age 51.5±7.7 years) were recruited from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-Brazil. The patients were included after fulfilling four classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis from the American College of Rheumatology. After being stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in the absence or presence of different concentrations of hydroxychloroquine, the interleukin 6, 17 and 22 levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and patients. RESULTS: We demonstrated that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients, there was a significant reduction in the IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 supernatant levels after adding hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro results demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine inhibits IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 production and contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of this medication.