Resumo Apresenta-se aqui um estudo sobre a relação entre as ocorrências de incêndios em vegetação e a climatologia das chuvas no Ceará. Foram usados registros das ocorrências desses eventos da Coordenadoria Integrada de Operações de Segurança (CIOPS) e os registros climatológicos da Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (FUNCEME). Os resultados mostraram que existe uma relação entre a ocorrência de incêndios florestais, associados a prática de atear fogo na vegetação de forma não controlada, e as condições meteorológicas, ambientais e culturais das comunidades cearenses e que o período de estiagem (seco) é o período de maior ocorrência desses registros na região.

Abstract A study is presented here about the relationship between the occurrence of fires in vegetation and the climatology of the rains in Ceará. Records of the occurrences of these events from the Integrated Coordination of Security Operations (CIOPS) and the climatological records of the Cearense Meteorology and Water Resources Foundation (FUNCEME). The results showed that there is a relationship between the occurrence of forest fires, associated with the practice of setting fire to vegetation in an uncontrolled way, and the meteorological, environmental and cultural conditions of the communities of Ceará and that the dry season (dry season) is the period occurrence of these records in the region.

Membranes of polyamide 6 and its nanocomposites with 3 and 5% of clay were obtained by the phase inversion method using distilled water and solvent as the coagulation bath, 10 and 30% of acid was used, in order to change the membranes morphology/porosity. By XRD analysis, the obtained nanocomposites showed an exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structure, it was also seen two characteristics peaks of the polyamide 6 phases (α and γ). For the membranes, the characteristic peak γ of the membrane disappeared, being evident the peaks α1 and α2. By SEM the PA6 membrane almost doesn't have pores in its surface, with an addition of clay had an increase in the quantity of surface pores. In the cross section of the PA6 membrane, an extremely thin selective layer, adding the clay the selective layer became thicker and a better defined porous support was obtained. From the acid in the coagulation bath the PA6 membrane continued with a few pores structure. For the nanocomposites there was an increase in size and a better uniformity of the pores. In the cross section the presence of the bath decrease the membrane filtering, also modifying a uniformity of the pores.

Abstract How can defense cooperation with process-tracing methodology be explained? To answer this question, this paper tests the ability of process-tracing explanations in the case of the Brazilian proposal for the creation of the Union of South American Nation’s (UNASUR) South American Defense Council (CDS). Combining process-tracing methodology with a case study research design, this paper analyzes which causal pathways, mechanisms, timing of events, and policies best explain Brazilian behavior.

Os objetivos do estudo foram analisar a relação entre a massa muscular e parâmetros antropométricos em mulheres idosas e desenvolver um modelo matemático para predição da massa muscular. O estudo incluiu 63 idosas (71 ± 4.4 anos). Massa corporal, altura e circunferências do braço, cintura, quadril e panturrilha foram medidas. Massa muscular foi estimada utilizando a densitometria. O índice de massa muscular foi calculado usando a equação (índice de massa muscular= massa muscular [kg] / altura [m]²). Uma correlação significante foi encontrada entre a massa muscular e a massa corporal (r = 0.782), circunferência do braço (r = 0.688), circunferência da cintura (r = 0.467), circunferência do quadril (r = 0.629) e circunferência da panturrilha (r = 0.592) com p < 0.05 para todas. A análise de regressão indicou que a massa corporal e a circunferência da panturrilha foram preditores independentes da massa muscular (r = 0.81, r² = 0.65, F = 55.7). O modelo de regressão linear obtido foi de massa muscular (kg) =-0.543+ (0.162 × massa corporal) + (0.151 × circunferência da panturrilha). Não foram observadas diferenças entre a massa muscular e o índice de massa muscular estimados pela densitometria e pela equação (p > 0.05). Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a massa corporal, índice de massa corporal, circunferência do braço, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril e circunferência da panturrilha estão relacionados com a massa muscular de mulheres idosas. A massa muscular pode ser adequadamente predita com base nos dados de massa corporal e de circunferência da panturrilha.

The aims of study were to analyze the relationship between muscle mass and anthropometric parameters in elderly women and to develop a mathematical model to predict muscle mass based on anthropometric parameters. The study included 63 elderly women (71.4 ± 4.4 years). Body weight, height, arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences were measured. Muscle mass was estimated using a densitometry. The muscle mass index was calculated using the equation (muscle mass index = muscle mass [kg] / height [m]²). A significant correlation was found between muscle mass and body weight (r = 0.782), arm (r=0.688), waist (r=0.467), hip (r=0.629) and calf circumferences (r=0.592) with p<0.05 for all. Regression analysis indicated that body mass and calf circumference were independent predictors of muscle mass (r=0.81, r²=0.65, F=55.7). The prediction model obtained was muscle mass (kg) =-0.543+(0.162 × body mass)+(0.151 × calf circumference). No differences were observed between the amount of muscle mass and muscle mass index estimated by densitometry and by equation (p>0.05). The results of this study indicated that body mass, body mass index, arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences are related to muscle mass elderly women. The muscle mass can be adequately predicted based on data from body mass and calf circumference.

Quais são as reações indianas e japonesas a ascensão da China no âmbito econômico, político e militar? De acordo com a tradição realista suas opções seriam entre balancing e bandwagoning. Aplicando a abordagem do equilíbrio pela ameaça de Stephen Walts, este trabalho visa analisar as respostas da Índia e do Japão diante de uma crescente e poderosa China; suas conclusões apontam para uma evolução do relacionamento entre Índia e Japão, em termos militares, especialmente após 2005.

What are Indian and Japanese reactions to China's rise in economic, political and military terms? According to realist tradition, their option would be between balancing and bandwagoning. Applying Stephen Walt's balance of threats approach, this work aims to analyze Indian and Japan responses to an increasingly powerful China; its conclusions point to an evolving relationship between India and Japan, in military terms, especially after 2005.

Este trabajo busca examinar y analizar las políticas de desarrollo de la industria de defensa aeroespacial de Brasil, India y China para entender qué tipo de relaciones tienen estos países con sus industrias. La hipótesis es que los países buscan fortalecer su industria aeroespacial de defensa con la estrategia de alcanzar a los países más avanzados. Atado a este proceso, hay ambiciones domésticas y geopolíticas que tienen el segundo mayor peso. A nivel internacional, estos países buscan ser reconocidos como potencias, aunque con lagunas y discrepancias, siendo la defensa aeroespacial de Brasil, la India y China parte de este proceso.

This works seeks to examine and analyze the development policies of the defense aerospace industries of Brazil, India and China in order to understand the relationship of these countries have with their industries. The hypothesis is that countries seek to strengthen their defense aerospace industries with a strategy of catchingup with the most advanced countries. Linked to this process, there are domestic and geopolitical ambitions, the second having greater weight. On the world scene, these countries seek to be recognized as powers, although with differences and disprepancies, the defense industries of Brasil, India and China being part of this process.

Este trabalho busca examinar e analisar as políticas de desenvolvimento das indústrias aeroespaciais de defesa de Brasil, Índia e China para compreender tipo de relações que estes países possuem com suas indústrias. A hipótese é que os países buscam fortalecer as suas indústrias aeroespaciais de defesa numa estratégia de catching-up com os países mais avançados. Atreladas a esse processo, encontram-se ambições de cunho doméstico e geopolítico, tendo o segundo maior peso. No plano internacional, esses países buscam ser reconhecidos como potências, embora com disparidades e discrepâncias, sendo as indústrias aeroespaciais de defesa de Brasil, Índia e China parte desse processo.