Resumo Em 1992, Bettelli, Bianchi-Streit e Giacomelli disponibilizaram um importante texto sobre a Física de Partículas para um contexto educacional de escola básica, o Ensino Médio. Assim, neste artigo, é apresentada uma tradução comentada e adaptada desse texto, em que serão apresentados conceitos básicos para ensino e aprendizagem de Física de Partículas. Há também uma relevância histórica, porque apresenta a descoberta de algumas partículas e os princípios físicos envolvidos. As evidências das partículas novas e outras já conhecidas são fundamentadas na análise de fotografias de câmaras de bolhas, nas quais ficam registrados os eventos da física de altas energias. Nessas análises, foram utilizados conceitos e equações de Física Básica, Relatividade Restrita e Física Quântica, em especial os princípios de conservação. Desta forma, os professores e estudantes do Ensino Médio Brasileiro terão à disposição um interessante texto, com informações de fatos experimentais, para iniciar ou ampliar seu conhecimento sobre a Física Nuclear e de Partículas.

Abstract This article presents an adapted and commented translation of a text by Bettelli, Bianchi-Streit, and Giacomelli, published in 1992, which provided an important text on Particle Physics for a high school educational context. This text presents the basic concepts for teaching and learning in particle physics. There is a historical relevance too because it presents a discovery of some particles and the physical principles involved. The discovery of new particles were based on the analysis of bubble chamber photographs, in which were recorded the events of high energy physics. These analyses were used concepts and equations of Basic Physics, Special Relativity and Quantum Physics, especially the conservation principles. Thus, teachers and students of Brazilian high school have available an interesting text, with information experimental facts, to start or broaden their knowledge about Nuclear Physics and Particles.

Resumo Neste artigo, é apresentada uma sugestão de atividade de ensino de Física Nuclear, na qual são utilizados dados nucleares da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA), tendo como eixo motivador a compreensão da física da Terapia por Captura de Nêutrons pelo Boro (BNCT). A fissão nuclear induzida por nêutrons, da reação 5 10 B ( n , α ) 3 7 Li, e o decaimento gama são os processos analisados na BNCT, com abordagens metodológicas, tanto de caráter quantitativo como qualitativo, para auxiliar na compreensão dos aspectos conceituais relativos à energia da reação, aos produtos da fissão – divididos em dois diferentes conjuntos energéticos de partículas –, e à radiação gama, oriunda do decaimento radioativo do estado isomérico do Li-7.

Abstract This paper presents a suggestion of a Nuclear Physics teaching activity in which the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nuclear data are used. The motivating theme is the understanding of the Physics in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Neutron-Induced fission of B-10, in 5 10 B ( n , α ) 3 7 Li reaction, and gamma decay has been analyzed and discussed in this context. To understand the conceptual aspects of reaction energy, fission products – divided into two different energetic sets of particles –, and gamma radiation from the radioactive decay of the Li-7 isomeric state were used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the result of the selective destruction of the pancreatic β-cells by T cells of the immune system. Although spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ, it is also involved in the T1D pathogenesis. However, the alterations in a variety of cellular processes of this disease need to be further understood. We aimed to analyze the benefits of resveratrol, and its complexed form on diabetic complications in the spleen of rats. To this end, we investigated important enzymes of phosphoryl transfer network, and Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Wistar rats were divided into non-diabetic groups: Control, Ethanol, Resveratrol, Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, Resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and diabetic groups with the same treatments. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of 60 mg/kg of streptozocin intraperitoneally, and treatments by intragastric gavage once daily for 60 days. Hyperglycemia reduced creatine kinase activity, which was reversed by the administration of resveratrol. Na+, K+-ATPase activity was greatly affected, but it was reversed by resveratrol and resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. This suggest an energetic imbalance in the spleen of diabetic rats, and in case this also occurs in the diabetic patients, it is possible that resveratrol supplementation could be beneficial to the better functioning of the spleen in diabetic patients.

Neste artigo, é apresentada uma tradução adaptada de um importante texto de Bethe e Bacher, publicado em 1936, no qual são discutidas cinco razões para a não existência de elétrons no núcleo atômico.

An adapted Portuguese translation of a text by Bethe and Bacher published in 1873 is offered, which are discussed a disproof of the existence of electrons in the atomic nucleus.