Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance, the ingestive behavior, the apparent digestibility of the diet, and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in confinement under the effect of ammonium dipropionate in the diet, and the fractionation or not in the supply of the diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, totaling four treatments, as follows: Diet without ammonium dipropionate provided twice a day; Diet without ammonium dipropionate given once daily; Diet with ammonium dipropionate provided twice daily; Ammonium dipropionate diet provided once daily. Thirty-two ½ Angus ½ Nellore bulls were used, with an average age of 11 months. The use of ammonium dipropionate in the overall average increased average daily gain, dry matter intake, and carcass gain. The diet provided twice a day provided, on average, greater weight gain, greater carcass gain, and better feed conversion. When evaluating the association between treatments, the use of dipropionate plus the diet supplied twice a day showed greater daily carcass gain during the experimental period and higher hot carcass weight (1.251 kg, 111.4 kg, and 308.6 kg respectively), as well as ensuring better apparent digestibility of dry matter (74.57%). With the data obtained in the present study, it is possible to state that it is advisable to use ammonium dipropionate while maintaining the fractionation of the diet for beef steers in the finishing phase.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo, o comportamento ingestivo, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta e as características de carcaça de novilhos de corte terminados em confinamento sob efeito do dipropionato de amônio na dieta, e do fracionamento ou não no fornecimento da dieta. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, totalizando quatro tratamentos, sendo: Dieta sem dipropionato de amônio fornecida duas vezes ao dia; Dieta sem dipropionato de amônio fornecida uma vez ao dia; Dieta com dipropionato de amônio fornecida duas vezes ao dia; Dieta com dipropionato de amônio fornecida uma vez ao dia. Utilizou-se 32 novilhos ½ sangue Angus ½ sangue Nelore, com idade média de 11 meses. O uso do dipropionato de amônio na média geral aumentou o ganho médio diário, a ingestão de matéria seca, e o ganho de carcaça. A dieta fornecida duas vezes ao dia proporcionou na média geral, maior ganho de peso, maior ganho de carcaça e melhor conversão alimentar. Ao avaliar a associação entre os tratamentos, o uso de dipropionato mais a dieta fornecida duas vezes ao dia mostrou maior ganho de carcaça diário, durante o período experimental e maior peso de carcaça quente (1,251 kg, 111,4 kg e 308,6 kg respectivamente), assim como garantiu melhor digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (74,57%). Com os dados obtidos no presente estudo é possível afirmar que é recomendável utilizar o dipropionato de amônio mantendo o fracionamento da dieta para novilhos de corte em fase de terminação.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, apparent digestibility of the diet and ingestive behavior of beef cattle finished in feedlot under the effect of the inclusion of yeast culture or enzyme complex. The treatments were: diet without additives (control); diet with enzyme complex (7 g animal day-1); diet with yeast culture (7g animal day-1) and diet with the association of enzymatic complex (7 g animal day-1) and yeast culture (7g animal day-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications. Forty ½ Angus ½ Nellore steers, with an average initial body weight of 362 kg ± 6 kg, were used. Regardless of the evaluation period, non-supplementation caused the animals to gain less weight (0 to 21 days: 1.267 kg day-1; 0 to 42 days: 1.377 kg day-1; 0 to 63 days: 1.368 kg day-1) compared to supplemented animals, feed conversion for non-supplemented animals was also worse. Starch apparent digestibility showed higher averages when steers were supplemented with yeast culture alone and yeast culture combined with enzyme complex (97.30% and 97.07%, respectively). Supplementation using a combination of yeast culture with enzyme complex did not cause additional effects on weight gain, but resulted in the lowest averages for feed conversion.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, digestibilidade aparente da dieta e comportamento ingestivo de bovinos de corte terminados em confinamento sob efeito da inclusão de cultura de leveduras ou de complexo enzimático. Os tratamentos foram assim constituídos: dieta sem aditivos (controle); dieta com complexo enzimático (7 g animal dia-1); dieta com cultura de levedura (7g animal dia-1) e dieta com a associação de complexo enzimático (7 g animal dia-1) e cultura de levedura (7g animal dia-1). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Utilizou-se 40 novilhos inteiros, ½ sangue Angus ½ sangue Nelore, com peso vivo médio inicial de 362 kg ± 6kg. Independente do período de avaliação, a não suplementação fez com que os animais ganhassem menos peso (0 a 21 dias: 1,267 kg dia-1; 0 a 42 dias: 1,377 kg dia-1; 0 a 63 dias: 1,368 kg dia-1) em relação aos animais suplementados, a conversão alimentar para os animais não suplementados também foi pior. A digestibilidade aparente do amido apresentou maiores médias quando os novilhos foram suplementados com cultura de levedura isolada e com cultura de levedura associada com complexo enzimático (97,30% e 97,07% respectivamente). A suplementação na forma de associação da cultura de leveduras ao complexo enzimático não apresentou efeitos adicionais sobre o ganho de peso, mas possui as menores médias para conversão alimentar.

Resumo O crescimento da área irrigada no Cerrado afeta o volume de água captado nas bacias hidrográficas, influenciando diretamente na disponibilidade e alocação dos recursos hídricos. Em bacias com predominância da agricultura irrigada, torna-se fundamental a compreensão da variação espaço-temporal da evapotranspiração real de uma cultura (ETR), para o mais assertivo planejamento e gerenciamento dos reservatórios. Considerando o potencial de cultivo do trigo no Cerrado, o estudo tem por objetivo estimar a demanda hídrica da cultura nas safras de 2018 e 2019, por meio dos modelos SEBAL e SSEBop. Em comparação com o método da razão de Bowen, o SEBAL apresentou variações de R2 entre 0,86 e 0,72, tendo seu desempenho classificado como satisfatório. O RMSE determinado foi de 0,50 mm d−1 em 2018 e de 0,42 mm d−1 em 2019. O modelo SSEBop expressou melhor desempenho nas duas safras, com variabilidade de R2 entre 0,95 e 0,78, representando de forma mais adequada a ETR com RMSE menor, de 0,25 mm d−1 e 0,41 mm d−1, respectivos aos ciclos de 2018 e 2019. A configuração simplificada do SSEBop e o bom desempenho nas condições verificadas, tornam o modelo uma ferramenta apropriada, podendo contribuir para um planejamento hídrico eficiente na região.

Abstract The growth of the irrigated area in the Cerrado affects the volume of water captured in the hydrographic basins, directly influencing the availability and allocation of water resources. In basins with predominance of irrigated agriculture, it is essential to understand the spatio-temporal variation of the real evapotranspiration of a crop (ETR), for a more assertive planning and management of the reservoirs. Considering the wheat cultivation potential in the Cerrado, the study aims to estimate the crop's water demand in the 2018 and 2019 harvests, using the SEBAL and SSEBop models. Compared to the Bowen ratio method, SEBAL presented R2 variations between 0,86 and 0,72, and its performance was classified as satisfactory. The RMSE determined was 0,50 mm d−1 in 2018 and 0,42 mm d−1 in 2019. The SSEBop model expressed better performance in both seasons, with R2 variability between 0,95 and 0,78, representing more adequately the ETR with lower RMSE, of 0,25 mm d−1 and 0,41 mm d−1, corresponding to the 2018 and 2019 cycles. The simplified configuration of the SSEBop and the good performance under the conditions verified, make the model an appropriate tool, which can contribute to an efficient water planning in the region.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting corn at different maturity stages for silage production combined with four storage periods, considering nutrient loss and the chemical composition of silage of the whole plant and also of grainless plants. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of six maturity stages of corn [reproductive (R); R1 to R6] and four periods of silage storage (30, 60, 90, and 120 days). At stages R1 and R2, losses by effluents occurred more intensely when compared with the more advanced stages, whereas losses by gases showed the opposite behavior, with stage R6 responsible for the greatest losses. Stage R4 showed a stable dry matter (DM) content during the storage period, 42.08%, and had the lowest levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) for the whole plant silage. The ADL in the silage of grainless plant of stage R4 was not the lowest, but it was close to the first reproductive stages, being an important point, since the first reproductive stages can present a vegetative fraction of better quality. The highest DM volumes produced by area occurred in the most advanced stages; however, R5 obtained a greater reduction in volume over the days of storage (20.66 kg day −1 ). The production cost was lower at the advanced stages (R4, R5, and R6) when compared with the first reproductive stages (R1, R2, and R3), and in general, during the storage period the costs did not have great variations. Based on the chemical composition of the silages, DM losses during the storage period, the stability in the costs of DM ton over the days of storage, the R4 stage was the most suitable for silage production.

Abstract Around 20% to 45% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) develop in extranodal locations. Soft tissue involvement is rare and skeletal muscle affection is a far more unusual NHL presentation. In this singular scenario, upper and lower extremity muscles are mostly affected, especially those from the pelvic and gluteal area and less frequent of the musculature from the head and neck region. Therefore, we here in report a case of an extranodal NHL of the masseter muscle. Treatment regime was based on R-CHOP combined chemotherapy resulting in a favorable outcome. Diagnostic criteria and clinical characteristics, and treatment of this type of lymphoma are reviewed in this article.

Resumen Entre el 25% a 40% de los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) surgen en ubicaciones extranodales. La afectación de los tejidos blandos por el LNH es infrecuente y el linfoma de origen primario del músculo esquelético es aún más inusual. Los músculos mayormente afectados son los de las extremidades, pelvis, región glútea y con menor frecuencia los músculos de cabeza y cuello. En este artículo se presenta nuestra experiencia sobre un caso de linfoma no Hodgkin primario extranodal del músculo masetero, que fue tratado con quimioterapia combinada tipo R-CHOP con buena respuesta. Se revisan en la literatura las características clínicas de esta patología, los criterios diagnósticos y el tratamiento en este tipo de linfoma.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade químico-fermentativa da silagem de dois híbridos de sorgo nos diferentes estratos da face do silo e a interferência do tempo de exposição aeróbia da face do silo estruturada e/ou desestruturada (após desensilagem). A silagem do híbrido AG-2005E apresentou maior teor de proteína bruta e pH mais elevado em comparação à do híbrido AG-60298 (6,33% e 4,0 contra 6,06% e 3,8, respectivamente). As silagens do estrato de 0 a 20 cm tinham o menor teor de matéria seca e o maior teor de proteína bruta (38% e 6,35%, respectivamente). O pH não diferiu entre os estratos e o teor de NH3 foi maior no estrato de 60 a 80 cm (4,5%). Com o avanço das 72 horas de exposição aeróbia, a silagem desestruturada apresentou maior incremento de temperatura em relação à silagem da face estruturada, mas esse tempo não foi suficiente para mostrar diferenças entre os teores de matéria seca, matéria mineral, NH3 e pH. O híbrido de sorgo e o estrato do silo interferem diretamente na qualidade químico-fermentativa da silagem. Após a exposição aeróbia, a silagem do painel do silo estruturado parece sofrer menor interferência em relação à silagem após ser desensilada.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and fermentation quality of silage from two sorghum hybrids in different layers of the silo feed-out face, as well as the interference of the aerobic exposure time of structured and/or unstructured silo face (after feed-out). The AG-2005E hybrid silage presented higher crude protein content and higher pH compared to hybrid AG-60298 (6.33% and 4.0 versus 6.06% and 3.8, respectively). Silages from stratum 0 to 20cm had the lowest dry matter content and the highest crude protein content (38% and 6.35%, respectively). The pH did not differ between layers, and the NH3 content was higher in the stratum 60 to 80cm (4.5%). During 72 hours of aerobic exposure, the unstructured silage presented a higher increase in temperature than the silage from the structured face, but this period was not enough to result in differences in dry matter, mineral matter, NH3, and pH. The chemical and fermentation quality of the silage was directly influenced by hybrid and silo stratum. After aerobic exposure, silage from the structured face seems to suffer less interference compared to the silo feed-out face.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and rumen disappearance rate of dry matter of corn silages with inoculants combining L. buchneri strain LN40177 in different strata of the silo. The experimental design was a 3x2 randomized complete block design, with three treatments: Control: corn silage without inoculant; 11CFT: corn silage with inoculant which combines L. buchneri strain LN40177 (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1) with L. casei (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1); and 11C33: corn silage with inoculant which combines L. buchneri strain LN40177 (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1) with L. plantarum (1.1 x 1011 CFU g-1) and Enterococcus faecium (1 x 1010 CFU g-1), associated with two strata of the silo (lower and upper). The silage inoculated with 11C33 presented higher contents of crude protein and NDF and lower hemicellulose content in relation to the control treatment and 11CFT. The use of both inoculants resulted in silages with higher concentrations of soluble nutrients. Lower stratum silage had a higher rumen disappearance rate of dry matter compared to the upper stratum. In general, the combinations of L. buchneri promoted nutritional improvements in corn silage, but in presence of L. casei, there were more outstanding improvements.

Abstract Relationship education programs are strategies that can favor better marital quality and conflict management between spouses. The relationship education program “Living as Partners: Turning Challenges into Opportunities” seeks to promote the couples' learning of conflict resolution strategies and better quality levels in the relationship. This study evaluates the capacity of this program to produce results regarding marital quality and three dimensions of the couple's conflict: frequency, intensity, and resolution strategies. Data from 41 couples were analyzed before and after the program, and a follow-up after 5 months (n = 33 couples) were conducted as well (single group, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up quasi-experimental design). Results show that the program produced immediate effects in all the outcome variables, which remained significant after 5 months, except for marital quality and for the strategy of compliance. These outcomes showed effect sizes ranging from low to high levels. The study presents evidence about the ability of the “Living as Partners” program to produce improvements in couple's conflict indicators, addressing an unexplored field of research and intervention focused on Brazilian cultural specificities.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the validity and reliability of ultrasonography measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area compared to computed tomography in patients in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and analyzed the association between these measurements and the diagnosis of sarcopenia. METHODS: One hundred patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease were evaluated. Sarcopenia was defined using the criteria of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project (FNIH). The rectus femoris cross-sectional area was evaluated using ultrasonography and computed tomography. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 29% according to the FNIH criteria. The difference in mean rectus femoris cross-sectional area by ultrasonography and computed tomography was 3.97 mm, with a strong correlation between the two methods (p<0.001). Bland-Altman plot analysis showed good agreement between computed tomography and ultrasonography. Rectus femoris cross-sectional area was significantly correlated with muscle strength (r=0.300, p=0.002), lean body mass in the upper limbs (r=0.286, p=0.004), and lean body mass in the lower limbs (r=0.271, p=0.006). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 12% (n=12) based on the definition of low muscle mass according to ultrasonography of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable method for evaluating the rectus femoris cross-sectional area in patients in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease.

RESUMO Em meados do século XVIII os Guarani das reduções escreveram com frequência, documentos em que expressam um pensamento político próprio. Nesses textos é possível observar sua capacidade de agir, mas também sua percepção dos acontecimentos em curso por meio de um pensamento em guarani. Essa autonomia indígena, em um momento de contestação política, estava embasada nas teorias que pautaram a sua instrução e que paradoxalmente serviram para justificar ações em defesa dos seus interesses, devidamente amparados nos valores da monarquia católica.

ABSTRACT By the middle of eighteen century, the Guarani from the reductions frequently wrote their own documents in which were expressed their very political thoughts. Through these texts it is possible to observe not only their action capacity but also their perception of the events in progress by a Guarani way of thinking. This indigenous autonomy, in a moment of political contestation, was based upon the theories which they were taught and which paradoxically served to justify their actions on defending their interests, properly supported on the catholic monarchy values.

Este artigo tem como objetivo repensar a história da Guerra dos Farrapos contemplando a presença e a participação indígena nessa rebelião. As populações ameríndias, ao contrário do que se pensava, participaram dos conflitos imperiais, mas seguem como os esquecidos dessa guerra deflagrada em plena fronteira do Império do Brasil.

This article aims to rethink the history of the Farrapos War contemplating the indigenous presence and participation in that conflict. Amerindian populations, contrary to previous thought, participated in imperial conflicts, but continue to be left out of the history of this war that took place on the frontier of the Brazilian Empire.

Neste artigo, os autores discutem a utilização de grupos focais e de planejamento com cenários envolvendo stakeholders e pesquisadores como instrumentos metodológicos em estudos qualitativos sobre risco, tanto para aferir percepções, identificar demandas, discutir propostas e soluções, como para promover a participação de uma comunidade ampliada de pares na produção de dados e no enfrentamento dos riscos associados a eventos extremos e mudanças ambientais. A partir deste recorte temático e metodológico os autores apresentam e analisam resultados de dois estudos realizados no Litoral Norte paulista (Brasil) e na parte Norte da costa de Queensland (Austrália), entre 2011 e 2013. Tais estudos apontam que os instrumentos metodológicos explorados alcançaram os objetivos propostos, contribuindo, em particular, para estreitar o diálogo e articulação entre cientistas e stakeholders.

In this article the authors introduce a debate about focus groups and scenarios planning with stakeholders and researchers as methodological tools for qualitative studies on risks aimed to investigate perceptions and needs, to debate proposals and solutions, as well as to promote the participation of the extended peer community in producing knowledge and dealing with risks associated to extreme events and environmental change. Considering this theoretical and methodological approach the paper focuses on two research projects undertaken in urbanizes coastal areas in Brazil (North Coast of São Paulo) and in Australia (Nort Cost of Queensland), between 2011 and 2013. The findings highlight that both methods achieved the proposed goals and improved the dialogue and articulation between scientists and stakeholders.

En este artículo, los autores discuten la utilización de grupos focales y de planificación con escenarios con stakeholders e investigadores como instrumentos metodológicos sobre riesgo, tanto para comparar percepciones, identificar demandas, discutir propuestas y soluciones, como para promover la participación de una comunidad ampliada de pares en la producción de datos y en el enfrentamiento de los riesgos asociados a eventos extremos e cambios ambientales. A partir de esta propuesta temática y metodológica los autores presentan y analizan los resultados de dos estudios realizados en el Litoral Norte del estado de Sao Paulo (Brasil) y en la zona Norte de la costa de Queensland (Austrália), entre 2011 y 2013. Los estudios apuntan que los instrumentos metodológicos explorados alcanzaron los objetivos propuestos, contribuyendo, en particular, para estrechar el diálogo y la articulación entre científicos y stakeholders.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de bezerros holandeses nas fases de aleitamento e pós-desmame, manejados intensivamente na fase de aleitamento com ausência ou presença de feno. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros holandeses machos, com média de idade de 15 dias e peso inicial 43 kg. O delineamento estatístico foi o inteiramente casualizado, constituído de dois tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1) aleitamento com substituto lácteo + concentrado inicial para bezerros, ad libitum + feno de gramínea temperada (aveia e azevém), ad libitum; 2) aleitamento com substituto lácteo + concentrado inicial para bezerros, ad libitum. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Entretanto, o fornecimento de feno causou aumento do consumo diário de matéria seca (2,127 vs 1,894 kg). A ingestão de feno promoveu maior estímulo ao consumo de concentrado e maior peso ao desmame.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Holstein calves in suckling and post-weaning phases, intensively managed during suckling in the absence or presence of hay. Twenty-four male Holstein calves, at an average age of 15 days and initial weight of 43 kg were used in the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments and six replications. The treatments were as follows: 1) suckling with milk substitute + initial concentrate for calves, ad libitum + temperate grass hay (oat/ryegrass), ad libitum; 2) suckling with milk substitute + initial concentrate for calves, ad libitum. No significant difference was found between treatments for weight gain and feed conversion. However, the supply of hay caused an increase in daily dry matter intake (2.127 vs 1.894 kg). The intake of hay promoted greater stimulus to consumption of concentrate and greater weight at weaning.

Fractured abutment screws may be replaced; however, sometimes, the screw cannot be removed and the entire implant must be surgically removed and replaced. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of abutment retention screws made of titanium, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 30% carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK, using an external hexagonal implant/UCLA-type abutment interface assembly. UCLA-type abutments were fixed to implants using titanium screws (Group 1), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) screws (Group 2), and 30% carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK screws (Group 3). The assemblies were placed on a stainless steel holding apparatus to allow for loading at 45o off-axis, in a universal testing machine. A 200 N load (static load) was applied at the central point of the abutment extremity, at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute, until failure. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s range test. The titanium screws had higher fracture resistance, compared with PEEK and 30% carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK screws (p < 0.05). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the fracture resistance of the PEEK and the 30% carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK screws (p> 0.05). Finally, visual analysis of the fractions revealed that 100% of them occurred at the neck of the abutment screw, suggesting that this is the weakest point of this unit. PEEK abutment screws have lower fracture resistance, in comparison with titanium abutment screws.