Abstract This article’s main objective is to examine the political economy of the economic reforms implemented in the 1990s and examine the main factors which explain India’s economic rise in the 21st century. We argue that the productive investments and the country’s opening to the global economy have contributed to economic growth, but that this rise leads to the formation of a “dual economy.” Continuing reforms thereby become necessary for India in order to achieve inclusive growth and structural transformation, overcome the dual economy challenge and gain strength in the international system.

RESUMO A globalização econômica entrou em uma nova fase de relativa estagnação e arrefecimento a partir do início da crise global de 2008. O principal objetivo desse artigo é examinar as dinâmicas que explicam o arrefecimento do processo de globalização econômica a partir do início da crise global de 2008. Os resultados iniciais indicam que o processo de estagnação das forças globais não está ligado apenas a uma conjuntura de menor crescimento econômico da própria economia global após 2008, mas também reflete principalmente dinâmicas políticas no âmbito dos estados nacionais e do próprio sistema internacional que possuem impacto direto sobre o fenômeno da globalização econômica.

ABSTRACT Economic globalization has entered a new phase of relative stagnation and cooling since the beginning of the global crisis of 2008. The main objective of this article is to examine the dynamics that explain the stagnation of the economic globalization process from the beginning of the global crisis of 2008. The initial results indicate that the process of stagnation of global forces is not only related to a scenario of lower economic growth of the global economy after 2008, but also reflects mainly political dynamics within national states and the international system itself that have a direct impact on the phenomenon of economic globalization.