ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the agronomic performance through mixed models, and determined the genetic divergence between black oat genotypes. The experiment was carried out at Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen/RS. Fourteen black oat genotypes were evaluated, being 11 lines developed by Breeding Program of University, and three commercial cultivars (IAPAR 61, UPFA 21 - Moreninha and, IPR Cabocla). We evaluated quantitative traits associated to plant height, cycle, dry mass yield and seeds yield; and 19 qualitative traits, being these morphological descriptors. The results showed that lines UFSMFW 2-05 and UFSMFW 2-07 stand out with characteristics such as early cycle, higher dry mass and grain yield. Divergence analysis revealed the formation of three distinct groups, indicating the presence of variability. These results suggested the potential for the development of new cultivars of black oat, presenting early cycle and good grain yield.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico por meio de modelos mistos e determinar a divergência genética entre genótipos de aveia preta. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen/RS. Catorze genótipos de aveia preta foram avaliados, sendo 11 linhagens desenvolvidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento da Universidade e três cultivares comercias (IAPAR 61, UPFA 21 - Moreninha e IPR Cabocla). Foram avaliadas características agronômicas quantitativas relacionadas ao porte, ciclo e produtividade de massa seca e de sementes; e 19 características qualitativas, sendo estes descritores morfológicos. Os resultados mostraram que as linhagens UFSMFW 2-05 e UFSMFW 2-07 se destacam com características como ciclo precoce, elevada produtividade de massa seca e de sementes. A análise de divergência revelou a formação de três grupos distintos, indicando presença de variabilidade. Os resultados demonstram o potencial de desenvolvimento de novas cultivares de aveia preta, apresentando precocidade e boa produtividade de sementes.

A soja é a principal cultura de verão do Brasil, atualmente a implantação de segunda safra vem sendo crescente. Neste sentido, o conhecimento da contribuição dos caracteres ao rendimento de grãos nestas condições é necessário. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 8, sendo dois locais de cultivo (Salvador das Missões - RS e Tenente Portela - RS) e oito genótipos de soja com hábito de crescimento indeterminado (BMX Elite, NS 5959, NS 5909, BMX Alvo, BMX Potência, BMX Tornado, BMX Turbo, BMX Garra). Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste F (p<0,05), posteriormente, a análise de trilha foi realizada a partir da matriz de correlações, considerando massa total de grãos como variável dependente, e os demais caracteres agronômicos como explicativos. Os componentes de rendimento, o número de legumes com três grãos, o peso de mil grãos dos legumes com três grãos apresentou tendências lineares mais fortes e positivas com o rendimento dos grãos. Os genótipos NS5959, BMX Potência e BMX Turbo obtiveram a maior massa total de grãos, com a maior contribuição do peso de mil grãos dos legumes com dois e três grãos.

The soybean is the main summer crop in Brazil, currently the cultivation of the second crop has been growing. In this sense, the acknowledgement of traits contribution to grain yield in front of these conditions is necessary. The experimental design was in a randomized block, in 2 x 8 factorial scheme, two locals (Salvador das Missões - RS and Tenente Portela - RS) and eight soybean genotypes with indeterminate habit (BMX Elite, NS 5959, NS 5909, BMX Alvo, BMX Potência, BMX Tornado, BMX Turbo, BMX Garra). Data were submited to analysis of variance by the F test (p <0.05), and after the path analysis was performed from the correlation matrix, considering total grain mass as the dependent variable, and the other agronomic traits as explanatory variables. The grain yield components, number of pods with three grains, thousand grain weight of pods with three grains showed stronger and more positive linear trends with grain yield. The genotypes NS5959, BMX Potência and BMX Turbo obtained the highest total grain mass, and that had more contribution of the thousand grain weight of pods with two and three grains.

Abstract: This work aimed to determine variance components and genetic parameters, as well as phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations among black oat (Avena strigosa) families grown in different crop season. Seventy-six black oat families and three controls (BRS Madrugada, BRS Centauro, BRS 139 Neblina) were evaluated in two crop seasons (2016 and 2017), using families with intercalary controls experimental design. The results reveled high potential of black oat families to compose a breeding program, due to families and controls variance were similar, variance components expressed greater genetic variance origin for crop season. Panicle weight and panicle grain weight presented high heritability and, these are correlated with panicle length. Thus, these traits can be used to select superior genotypes. Divergent meteorological conditions between crop seasons expressed few variations among phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations, and it did not alter magnitude and sense of phenotypic and genetic correlations.

ABSTRACT In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) several studies have reported genetic gain for grain yield over the years. However, studies on wheat bread-making quality are scarce. Our objective was to estimate the progress due to genetic and environmental components in wheat bread-making quality parameters. In addition, we aimed to examine trends in historical cultivars and associate traits performance with geographical parameters. We used data from multi-environment trials (MET) represented by eight years (2005-2012) and 458 genotypes, including lines and commercial cultivars (controls). We determined the genetic progress by the contrasts between genotypes assessed in each biennium, excluding the year effect. This effect is previously estimated by existing variation among common genotypes. Genotype replacement rate was 52% and reflects the dynamism of the breeding program to develop better genotypes in terms of bread-making quality. The genetic progress estimated for gluten strength (W) was 1.30% yr-1. The progress in W demonstrated to be partly counterbalanced by the environmental effect (-0.78% yr-1). We observed disequilibrium tendency in relationship between tenacity and extensibility (P/L ratio) as a consequence of searching for lines with high W. Analysis showed that P/L ratio can be reduced in responses to the increase in latitude of the location. Environmental and genetic effects on the traits variation were discussed.