RESUMO Objetivo desenvolver e validar um aplicativo multimídia em plataforma móvel para o ensino de suporte básico na parada cardiorrespiratória para estudantes de graduação da área de saúde. Método estudo metodológico conduzido em duas etapas: desenvolvimento do aplicativo e validação de conteúdo por especialistas. O aplicativo foi desenvolvido a partir do Design Instrucional Contextualizado, seguindo as etapas de análise, desenho (design), desenvolvimento e implementação. Para a validação de conteúdo, 11 especialistas avaliaram o aplicativo quanto à relevância, à clareza, à coerência, às informações, à apresentação, à navegabilidade, à acessibilidade e ao design. Resultados o aplicativo SBVida foi desenvolvido para dispositivos móveis em plataforma Android. Foi alcançado Índice de Validade de Conteúdo geral de 0,87. Conclusão o aplicativo SBVida foi desenvolvido e validado e pode contribuir para a preparação e a capacitação complementar a estudantes e profissionais de Enfermagem e de demais áreas da saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate a multimedia application on a mobile platform for teaching basic support in cardiac arrest to undergraduate health care students. Method methodological study conducted in two stages: development of the application and content validation by experts. The application was developed based on Contextualized Instructional Design, following the stages of analysis, design, development, and implementation. For the content validation, 11 experts evaluated the application regarding relevance, clarity, coherence, information, presentation, navigability, accessibility, and design. Results The SBVida application was developed for mobile devices on the Android platform. An overall Content Validity Index of 0.87 was achieved. Conclusion The SBVida application was developed and validated and can contribute to the preparation and further training of students and professionals from Nursing and other health fields.

RESUMEN Objetivo desarrollar y validar una aplicación multimedia en una plataforma móvil para la enseñanza del soporte básico en la parada cardíaca a estudiantes de pregrado de salud. Método estudio metodológico realizado en dos etapas: desarrollo de la aplicación y validación del contenido por expertos. La aplicación se ha desarrollado basándose en el Design Instruccional Contextualizado, siguiendo las etapas de análisis, diseño, desarrollo e implementación. Para la validación del contenido, 11 expertos evaluaron la aplicación en cuanto a relevancia, claridad, coherencia, información, presentación, navegabilidad, accesibilidad y diseño. Resultados La aplicación SBVida fue desarrollada para dispositivos móviles en la plataforma Android. Se obtuvo un Índice de Validez de Contenido global de 0,87. Conclusión la aplicación SBVida fue desarrollada y validada y puede contribuir a la preparación y perfeccionamiento de estudiantes y profesionales de Enfermería y otras áreas de la salud.

Resumo Encenada durante a guerra do Peloponeso, a tragédia Andrômaca de Eurípides permite a discussão acerca das relações de poder estabelecidas entre esposa legítima e concubina, mulheres e homens e também espartanas e troianas. Neste artigo, propomos estudar essas relações de poder feminino na Atenas clássica. A disputa de poder entre Hermíone e Andrômaca tem como base o casamento e a condição de esposa legítima, a maternidade e os espaços de atuação das mulheres gregas. Há ainda um embate de poder entre a cultura dos gregos e a dos não gregos, nos remetendo às discussões acerca do conceito de etnicidade.

Abstract Staged during the Peloponnesian War, Euripides' tragedy "Andromache" fosters debate on power relations established between legitimate wife and concubine, women and men, and also Spartan and Trojan women. The purpose of this article is to study these relations of feminine power in classical Athens. The power struggle between Hermíone and Andromache is based on marriage and the status of legitimate wife, motherhood and the areas of activity of Greek women. There is also a conflict of power between the culture of the Greeks and that of the non-Greeks, referring to discussions about the concept of ethnicity.

Resumo: Este texto propõe refletir sobre a ação de Hécuba, protagonista da tragédia homônima de Eurípides que foi encenada em Atenas durante a guerra do Peloponeso, desencadeada a partir da morte de seus filhos Polidoro e Polixena. Cativa de guerra e privada da philía familiar com a perda dos filhos, Hécuba agirá motivada pelo sentimento de vingança. Porém, valores como solidariedade coletiva, hospitalidade, civilidade e liberdade serão abordados como elementos de coesão do drama euridipiano.

Abstract: This text reflects on the actions of Hecuba, protagonist of the Euripidean tragedy of the same name, set in Athens during the Peloponnesian war and triggered by the death of her children Polydorus and Polyxena. Hecuba, a captive of war and deprived of her family philía after the loss of her children, acts motivated by feelings of revenge. However, values such as collective solidarity, hospitality, civility and freedom will be addressed as elements of cohesion in this Euripidean drama.

Abstract Spartan society has acquired prominence in historiographical analyses produced since the eighteenth century onwards. Among the various elements which composed this society the figure of the Spartan woman was undoubtedly a widely debated aspect. Spartan women were considered from two distinct perspectives: at times representedin the discourse of classical authors as a model of social conduct; on other occasions seen as having excessive ‘freedom’ and inordinate sexual practices. We aim to compare the images constructed by Xenophon and Aristotle to verify the relations between the respective discourses and the social context in the classical period (the fifth and fourth centuries BC).

Resumo A sociedade espartana adquiriu proeminência nas análises historiográficas que foram desenvolvidas, sobretudo, a partir do século XVIII. Dentre os mais variados elementos que compunham esta sociedade a figura da mulher espartana foi, sem dúvida, um aspecto amplamente debatido. As mulheres espartanas foram consideradas por duas perspectivas distintas: por vezes representadas pelo discurso dos autores clássicos como um modelo de conduta social; em outras ocasiões como dotadas de uma “liberdade” excessiva e práticas sexuais descomedidas. Desta maneira, objetivamos confrontar as imagens construídas por Xenofonte e Aristóteles, de modo a verificarmos as relações entre os seus respectivos discursos e o contexto social em que estes se encontravam no período clássico (séculos V e IV a.C.).

This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxicity of an experimental restorative composite resin subjected to different light-curing regimens. METHODS: Forty round-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n=10), as follows: in Group 1, no light-curing; in Groups 2, 3 and 4, the composite resin specimens were light-cured for 20, 40 or 60 s, respectively. In Group 5, filter paper discs soaked in 5 µL PBS were used as negative controls. The resin specimens and paper discs were placed in wells of 24-well plates in which the odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23 (30,000 cells/cm²) were plated and incubated in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37ºC for 72 h. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the cell metabolism (MTT assay) and cell morphology (SEM). The data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: In G1, cell metabolism decreased by 86.2%, indicating a severe cytotoxicity of the non-light-cured composite resin. On the other hand, cell metabolism decreased by only 13.3% and 13.5% in G2 and G3, respectively. No cytotoxic effects were observed in G4 and G5. In G1, only a few round-shaped cells with short processes on their cytoplasmic membrane were observed. In the other experimental groups as well as in control group, a number of spindle-shaped cells with long cytoplasmic processes were found. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the photoactivation time used in the present investigation, the experimental composite resin presented mild to no toxic effects to the odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. However, intense cytotoxic effects occurred when no light-curing was performed.

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is recommended for a number of clinical procedures and it has been pointed out as a potential cavity cleanser to be applied before adhesive restoration of dental cavities. OBJECTIVE: As CHX may diffuse through the dentinal tubules to reach a monolayer of odontoblasts that underlies the dentin substrate, this study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of CHX on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cells were cultured and exposed to CHX solutions at concentrations of 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%. Pure culture medium (α-MEM) and 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After exposing the cultured cells to the controls and CHX solutions for 60 s, 2 h or 60 s with a 24-h recovery period, cell metabolism (MTT assay) and total protein concentration were evaluated. Cell morphology was assessed under scanning electron microscopy. CHX had a dose-dependent toxic effect on the MDPC-23 cells. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was observed when the cells were exposed to CHX in all periods (p<0.05). Significant difference was also determined for all CHX concentrations (p<0.05). The 60-s exposure time was the least cytotoxic (p<0.05), while exposure to CHX for 60 s with a 24-h recovery period was the most toxic to the cells (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Regardless of the exposure time, all CHX concentrations had a high direct cytotoxic effect to cultured MDPC-23 cells.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito citotóxico de dois cimentos MTA - MTA Branco-Angelus e uma nova formulação, MTA-Bio - sobre células odontoblastóides (MDPC-23) mantidas em cultura. Vinte e quatro espécimes padronizados (2 mm diâmetro x 2 mm largura) foram confeccionados de cada material e imersos individualmente em compartimentos contendo 1 mL de meio de cultura DMEM por 24 h ou 7 dias para obtenção dos extratos, formando 4 grupos de 12 espécimes cada: G1 - MTA-Branco/24 h; G2 - MTA-Branco/7 dias; G3 - MTA-Bio/24 h; e G4 - MTA-Bio/7 dias. Meio de cultura puro (DMEM) foi utilizado como controle negativo (G5). Células na concentração de 30.000 células/cm² foram semeadas nas placas de 24 compartimentos e incubadas em incubadora com 5% CO2 e 95% ar a 37ºC por 72 h. Após esse período, o meio de cultura de cada compartimento foi substituído por 1 mL do extrato (ou DMEM puro no grupo controle) e as células foram incubadas pelo período adicional de 2 h. O metabolismo celular foi avaliado pelo teste do MTT e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de ANOVA e Tukey (α=0,05). A morfologia celular e da superfície dos espécimes de MTA representativos de cada grupo foram avaliados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) entre os gurpos G1 e G2 ou entre G3 e G4. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística (p>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais e controle. Morfologia e organização celular semelhante foram observadas em todos os grupos, independente do período de extração. Entretanto, o número de células observado nos grupos experimentais diminui quando comparado ao grupo controle. MTA-Bio apresentou uma superfície irregular com mais porosidades que o MTA-Branco. Pode-se concluir que os cimentos MTA-Branco e MTA-Bio apresentaram reduzido efeito citotóxico sobre células odontoblastóides (MDPC-23) mantidas em cultura.

This study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of 2 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements - White-MTA-Angelus and a new formulation, MTA-Bio - on odontoblast-like cell (MDPC-23) cultures. Twenty-four disc-shaped (2 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) specimens were fabricated from each material and immersed individually in wells containing 1 mL of DMEM culture medium for either 24 h or 7 days to obtain extracts, giving rise to 4 groups of 12 specimens each: G1 - White-MTA/24 h; G2 - White-MTA/7 days; G3 - MTA-Bio/24 h; and G4 - MTA-Bio/7 days. Plain culture medium (DMEM) was used as a negative control (G5). Cells at 30,000 cells/cm² concentration were seeded in the wells of 24-well plates and incubated in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37ºC for 72 h. After this period, the culture medium of each well was replaced by 1 mL of extract (or plain DMEM in the control group) and the cells were incubated for additional 2 h. Cell metabolism was evaluated by the MTT assay and the data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Cell morphology and the surface of representative MTA specimens of each group were examined by scanning electron microscopy. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between G1 and G2 or between G3 and G4. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the experimental and control groups either. Similar cell organization and morphology were observed in all groups, regardless of the storage periods. However, the number of cells observed in the experimental groups decreased compared to the control group. MTA-Bio presented irregular surface with more porosities than White-MTA. In conclusion, White-MTA and MTA-Bio presented low cytotoxic effects on odontoblast-like cell (MDPC-23) cultures.

Há um consenso entre os especialistas que na Atenas Clássica (séculos V e IV a.C.) houve uma democratização das práticas esportivas. Partindo desta afirmação, propomos estudar a relação entre a democracia e a disseminação das práticas atléticas na pólis dos atenienses, a partir da representação nos vasos gregos da modalidade esportiva do lançamento de disco. Tal escolha se explica pelo discóbolo ter sido o ícone da democracia ateniense.

In the commonsense among specialists there was a democratization in sports practice in the Classical Athens (centuries V and IV B.C.). That said, we suggest to study the relation between democracy and the dissemination of athletic practices in the Athenian polis, using athletic figures from Greek vases as a form to explain this fact, such as the discobulos, which is considered as a symbol of the Athenian democracy.