Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da participação de pessoas idosas brasileiras em Atividades Avançadas da Vida Diária e fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com dados secundários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). Foram incluídas pessoas idosas (60 anos ou mais). A variável dependente foi composta pelas questões da PNS referentes à realização de Atividades Avançadas da Vida Diária relacionadas a trabalho, lazer e participação social. Foram realizados análise descritiva, teste de Rao-Scott e análise de resíduo padronizado. As medidas de efeito foram calculadas por modelos simples e múltiplos de regressão logística multinominal. Resultados: A maioria das pessoas idosas brasileiras apresenta baixa participação para as Atividades Avançadas da Vida Diária. As pessoas idosas do sexo masculino, entre 60 e 69 anos, brancas, das regiões Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, com níveis educacionais mais elevados, ausência de doenças crônicas, consumo mensal de álcool, prática de atividade física regular, ingestão frequente de verduras ou legumes, uso de óculos e independência no deslocamento estavam mais propensas a executar Atividades Avançadas da Vida Diária. Conclusão: Esses resultados reforçam a influência significativa dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e clínicos ligados ao estilo de vida e à capacidade intrínseca na execução das Atividades Avançadas da Vida Diária. No âmbito mais amplo, tais descobertas podem fortalecer as políticas públicas de envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Objetivo associados Métodos PNS. . (PNS) (6 mais. mais) trabalho social descritiva RaoScott Rao Scott padronizado multinominal Resultados masculino 6 brancas Sudeste CentroOeste, CentroOeste Centro Oeste, Oeste Centro-Oeste elevados crônicas álcool regular legumes Conclusão demográficos amplo saudável (PNS (

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of participation of aged Brazilians in Advanced Activities of Daily Living and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed with secondary data from the National Health Survey. Aged people (60 years old or older) were included. The dependent variable consisted of questions from the National Health Survey regarding the performance of Advanced Activities of Daily Living, related to work, leisure, and social participation. Descriptive analysis, Rao-Scott test, and standardized residual analysis were performed. Effect measures were calculated using simple and multiple multinominal logistic regression models. Results: The majority of Brazilian aged people have low participation in Advanced Activities of Daily Living. Aged males, between 60 and 69 years old, white, from the Southeast, South and Central-West regions, with higher educational levels, absence of chronic diseases, monthly alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, frequent intake of vegetables, use of glasses and independence when moving, were more likely to perform Advanced Activities of Daily Living. Conclusion: These results reinforce the significant influence of demographic, socioeconomic, clinical factors, linked to lifestyle and intrinsic capacity in the execution of Advanced Activities of Daily Living. In a broader sense, such discoveries can strengthen public policies for active and healthy aging. Objective factors Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional (6 older included work leisure RaoScott Rao Scott test performed models Results males 6 white Southeast CentralWest Central West regions levels diseases consumption activity vegetables moving Conclusion demographic socioeconomic sense aging (

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p<0.05). Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p<0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014). Conclusion: Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes. Objective determinants medications conditions smoking consumption Methods crosssectional cross sectional 40 developed characteristics 07 0 7 0. mLmin mL min mL/min p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 05 (p<0.05) Results 68.2% 682 68 2 (68.2% 25.4%. 254 25.4% 25 4 (25.4%) 56.7%. 567 56.7% 56 (56.7%) diseases 25.1%. 251 25.1% 1 (25.1%) 40.3%, 403 40.3% , 3 (40.3%) variables 5 p=0.011, p0011 p=0.011 011 (p=0.011) p<0.001, p0001 p<0.001 001 p=0.001, p=0.001 (p=0.001) p=0.033, p0033 p=0.033 033 (p=0.033) p=0.002 p0002 002 (p=0.002 p<0.001. analysis (p<0.001 p=0.005, p0005 p=0.005 005 (p=0.005) p=0.014. p0014 p=0.014 014 (p=0.014) Conclusion p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 68.2 6 (68.2 25.4 (25.4% 56.7 (56.7% 25.1 (25.1% 40.3 (40.3% p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.011 p000 p<0.00 00 p=0.00 (p=0.001 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.033 (p=0.00 (p<0.00 (p=0.005 (p=0.014 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 68. (68. 25. (25.4 56. (56.7 (25.1 40. (40.3 p=0.0 (p=0.01 (p=0.03 (p=0.0 p<0 (p<0. (68 (25. (56. (40. p=0. (p=0. p< (p<0 (6 (25 (56 (40 p=0 (p=0 (p< ( (2 (5 (4 p= (p= (p

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos, e seus fatores associados, em pessoas idosas assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em áreas rurais de Campo Grande/MS, Brasil. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, com amostragem probabilística aleatória simples estratificada proporcional, na qual foram aplicados instrumentos de caracterização da amostra, de avaliação da multimorbidade e da funcionalidade, além do Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI) e da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) para o rastreio de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. A razão de prevalência (RP), e o respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), foi estimada por meio da Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados Participaram do estudo 249 pessoas idosas e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 23,29% (IC95% 18,42-28,98) e de sintomas ansiosos foi de 22,09% (IC95% 17,33-27,20). A presença de sintomas depressivos esteve associada à idade, estado civil, prática de atividade física, autoavaliação do estado de saúde e uso de medicamentos. Quanto à presença de sintomas ansiosos, esteve associada ao sexo, estado civil, prática de atividade física, autoavaliação do estado de saúde e presença de multimorbidade. Conclusão O adoecimento psíquico deriva-se de vulnerabilidades sociais e condições de saúde física em que as pessoas idosas estão imersas. A população idosa de áreas rurais necessita de visibilidade e cuidados em saúde mental pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, de modo que a elaboração de políticas públicas para essa população, com foco na promoção, prevenção e reabilitação da saúde, é uma ação necessária. associados GrandeMS Grande MS Grande/MS Brasil Tratase Trata se transversal proporcional amostra funcionalidade GAI (GAI GDS (GDS RP, RP , (RP) 95 IC95%, IC95 IC IC95% (IC95%) robusta 24 2329 23 29 23,29 (IC95 18,4228,98 18422898 18,42 28,98 18 42 28 98 18,42-28,98 2209 22 09 22,09 17,3327,20. 17332720 17,33 27,20 . 17 33 27 20 17,33-27,20) idade civil medicamentos sexo derivase deriva imersas promoção necessária (RP 9 IC9 2 232 23,2 (IC9 4228 18,4228,9 1842289 1842 18,4 2898 28,9 1 4 18,42-28,9 220 0 22,0 3327 17,3327,20 1733272 1733 17,3 2720 27,2 3 17,33-27,20 23, (IC 422 18,4228, 184228 184 18, 289 28, 18,42-28, 22, 332 17,3327,2 173327 173 17, 272 27, 17,33-27,2 18,4228 18422 18,42-28 17,3327, 17332 17,33-27, 18,422 18,42-2 17,3327 17,33-27 18,42- 17,332 17,33-2 17,33-

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence of anxious and depressive symptoms, and associated factors, in older adults treated by the Family Health Strategy in rural areas of Campo Grande/MS. Method A cross-sectional study with proportional stratified simple random probabilistic sampling was conducted. Instruments were applied to characterize the sample and assess multimorbidity and functioning, in addition to the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Depression Scale Geriatric (GDS) for screening depressive and anxious symptoms. The prevalence ratio (PR), and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI), was estimated using Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results 249 older adults participated in the study. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.29% (95%CI 18.42-28.98) and anxiety symptoms was 22.09% (95%CI 17.33-27.20). The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with age, marital status, physical activity, self-rated health status, and medication use. The presence of anxious symptoms was associated with gender, marital status, physical activity, self-rated health status, and the presence of multimorbidity. Conclusion Mental illness stems from social vulnerabilities and physical health conditions to which older adults are exposed. The older population in rural areas needs greater visibility and mental health care through the Family Health Strategy, calling for the development of public policies for this population focusing on health promotion, prevention, and rehabilitation. factors GrandeMS Grande MS Grande/MS crosssectional cross sectional conducted functioning GAI (GAI GDS (GDS PR, PR , (PR) 95 95%CI, 95CI CI 95%CI (95%CI) variance 24 2329 23 29 23.29 18.4228.98 18422898 18.42 28.98 18 42 28 98 18.42-28.98 2209 22 09 22.09 17.3327.20. 17332720 17.33 27.20 . 17 33 27 20 17.33-27.20) age status activity selfrated self rated use gender exposed promotion prevention rehabilitation (PR 9 2 232 23.2 4228 18.4228.9 1842289 1842 18.4 2898 28.9 1 4 18.42-28.9 220 0 22.0 3327 17.3327.20 1733272 1733 17.3 2720 27.2 3 17.33-27.20 23. 422 18.4228. 184228 184 18. 289 28. 18.42-28. 22. 332 17.3327.2 173327 173 17. 272 27. 17.33-27.2 18.4228 18422 18.42-28 17.3327. 17332 17.33-27. 18.422 18.42-2 17.3327 17.33-27 18.42- 17.332 17.33-2 17.33-

Abstract It is an ecological study that analyzed the time trend of visceral leishmaniasis incidence rates in Brazil using segmented time regression by joinpoints. There was a decreasing incidence rate of this disease in the country with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -5 (CI95%: -9.1; -0.6) and a reduction of 1.69 cases/100 thousand inhabitants in 2007, and 0.91/100 thousand inhabitants in 2020. The Central-West region showed the highest reduction percent (AAPC: -9.1; CI95%: -13.8; -4.3), followed by the Southeast region (AAPC: -8.7; -14.6; -2.5). The North and South regions showed the largest number of joinpoints in the time series. The highest incidences were recorded in the male population, however, stable (AAPC: 2.14; CI95%: -8.3; 0). In the age group analysis, the trend was decreasing for the groups from 0 to 4 years old (AAPC: -7.7; CI95%: -12.6; -2.4), 5 to 9 years old (AAPC: -7.3; CI95%: -13.6; -0,4) and 10 to 14 years old (AAPC: -5.5; CI95%: -10.3; -0.3). It was found that although Visceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Brazil, there was a decrease in its incidence rate from 2007 to 2020.

Resumo Trata-se de um estudo ecológico que analisou a tendência temporal das taxas de incidência de leishmaniose visceral no Brasil mediante regressão temporal segmentada por pontos de inflexão. Observou-se tendência de decréscimo na taxa de incidência dessa patologia no país, com variação variação percentual média anual (average annual percent change - AAPC) de -5 (IC95%: -9,1; -0,6) e redução de 1,69 casos/100 mil habitantes em 2007, para 0,91/100 mil habitantes em 2020. A região Centro-Oeste apresentou a maior redução do AAPC (AAPC: -9,1; IC95%: -13,8; -4,3), seguida da região Sudeste (AAPC: -8,7; -14,6; -2,5). As regiões Norte e Sul apresentaram o maior número de pontos de inflexão (joinpoint) na série temporal. As maiores incidências foram registradas na população masculina, porém com tendência estacionária (AAPC: 2,14; IC95%: -8,3; 0). Na análise por faixa etária, a tendência foi decrescente nos grupos de 0 a 4 anos (AAPC: -7,7; IC95%: -12,6; -2,4), 5 a 9 anos (AAPC: -7,3; IC95%: -13,6; -0,4) e de 10 a 14 anos (AAPC: -5,5; IC95%: -10,3; -0,3). Verificou-se que, apesar de a leishmaniose visceral se tratar de uma doença endêmica no Brasil, houve declínio na sua taxa de incidência no período de 2007 a 2020.

Abstract Objective To analyze health-related behaviors and associated factors in older people working at a Brazilian public university. Method A cross-sectional, descriptive, inferential study adopting a quantitative approach was conducted. The sample comprised 113 individuals and data were collected between May/2021 and September/2022 either remotely by telephone and/or video calls, and/or in person. Descriptive and cluster analysis were performed and the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact Tests were applied for a significance level of 95%. Results Respondents were predominantly male (n=70, 61.9%), had a mean age of 65 (±3.20) years, and were of white (n=39, 34.5%) or brown (n=38, 33.6%) ethnicity. Two clusters were identified: Cluster01-fair, comprising 31 (27.4%) individuals; and Cluster02-excellent, comprising 82 (72.6%) participants, based on health-related behavior variables. A significant association was found between gender and clusters (p<0.04). Cluster02 contained more males and individuals with better health-related behaviors. Conclusion Although the results revealed that, overall, study participants had good/excellent behaviors, there was a contingent that reported health risk behaviors, highlighting the challenges surrounding self-care in the working older population. It is important to raise awareness of older individuals about health risk behaviors and their impact on health and quality of life, especially given that many older people are providers for the family and that working influences the health of older individuals.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar comportamentos relacionados à saúde e fatores associados em pessoas idosas em atividade laboral de uma Universidade pública brasileira. Método Estudo seccional, descritivo e inferencial, com abordagem quantitativa. Amostra composta por 113 indivíduos e, dados coletados entre os meses de maio/2021 a setembro/2022, em ambiente virtual, por chamadas telefônicas e/ou vídeo, e/ou de forma presencial. Foram realizadas análises descritiva e de cluster, além do teste qui-quadrado ou teste Exato de Fisher para o nível de significância de 95%. Resultados A maioria dos entrevistados foi do gênero masculino (n=70, 61,9%), a idade média foi 65 anos (±3,20), a cor/raça predominante foi branca (n=39, 34,5%) e parda (n=38, 33,6%). Foram identificados dois clusters, o cluster01-regular composto por 31 (27,4%) indivíduos e o cluster02-ótimo por 82 (72,6%), a partir das variáveis de comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Encontrou-se associação significativa entre gênero e os clusters (p<0,04). O gênero masculino compôs mais o cluster02-ótimo, cluster esse que apresentou indivíduos com melhores comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Conclusão Apesar do estudo mostrar que, em geral, os indivíduos que participaram da pesquisa apresentaram bons/ótimos comportamentos, ainda se observou uma parcela que relatou comportamentos de risco à saúde, o que evidencia os desafios sobre o autocuidado na população idosa em atividade laboral. É importante a sensibilização dos idosos sobre os comportamentos de risco à saúde, seus impactos na saúde e qualidade de vida, porquanto muitos idosos serem os provedores das suas famílias e a atividade laboral ser um ponto que influencia na saúde da pessoa idosa.

Abstract Objective to identify the prevalence of multimorbidity in elderly people living in rural areas and associated sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical-therapeutic factors. Method cross-sectional study, conducted with randomly selected elderly residents in the rural area of Araçagi, Paraíba, Brazil, linked to the Family Health Strategy. The dependent variable of the study was multimorbidity, understood as the presence of two or more chronic conditions in a single individual. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and a form about self-reported health problems, addressing 32 conditions. Univariate and bivariate statistics and Poisson regression were used in the data analysis, considering significant when p-value <0.05. Results 360 elderly subjects participated in the study, with a 54.2% (95%CI: 49,0–59,3) prevalence of multimorbidity. After regression, it was identified that female gender (PR=1,16; 95%CI: 1,09–1,25), age ≥70 years (PR=1,08; 95%CI: 1,01–1,15), overweight (PR=1,19; 95%CI: 1,10–1,29), access to treated and piped water (PR=1,09; 95%CI: 1,00–1,18), smoking history (PR=1,10; 95%CI: 1,03–1,17), not using alcohol (PR=1,13; 95%CI: 1,05–1,22), chronic pain (PR=1,18; 95%CI: 1,10–1,26), hospital as first choice of health service (PR=1,12; 95%CI: 1,03–1,21) and medical consultation in the last year (PR=1,19; 95%CI: 1,11–1,27) were factors associated with multimorbidity. Conclusion the study revealed a high prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors. Finally, it becomes feasible to plan measures that improve the health condition of these individuals and think of possibilities to promote healthy aging.

Resumo Objetivo identificar a prevalência de multimorbidade em pessoas idosas residentes na zona rural e os fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínico-terapêuticos associados. Método estudo transversal, realizado com idosos residentes na zona rural de Araçagi, Paraíba, Brasil, vinculados à Estratégia Saúde da Família e selecionados aleatoriamente. A variável dependente do estudo foi a multimorbidade, entendida como a presença de duas ou mais condições crônicas em um só indivíduo. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário sociodemográfico e um formulário sobre problemas de saúde autorreferidos, abordando 32 condições. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística univariada, bivariada e regressão de Poisson. Resultados participaram do estudo 360 idosos com prevalência de multimorbidade de 54,2% (IC95%: 49,0–59,3). Após regressão, identificou-se que sexo feminino (RP=1,16; IC95%: 1,09–1,25), idade ≥ 70 anos (RP=1,08; IC95%: 1,01–1,15), sobrepeso (RP=1,19; IC95%: 1,10–1,29), acesso a água tratada e encanada (RP=1,09; IC95%: 1,00–1,18), histórico de tabagismo (RP=1,10; IC95%: 1,03–1,17), não fazer uso de álcool (RP=1,13; IC95%: 1,05–1,22), dor crônica (RP=1,18; IC95%: 1,10–1,26), hospital como primeira opção de serviço de saúde (RP=1,12; IC95%: 1,03–1,21) e consulta médica no último ano (RP=1,19; IC95%: 1,11–1,27) eram fatores associados à multimorbidade. Conclusão o estudo revelou alta prevalência de multimorbidade e seus fatores associados. Por fim, torna-se viável o planejamento de medidas que melhorem a condição de saúde desses indivíduos e pensar em possibilidades de promover um envelhecimento saudável.

Abstract Objective Analyze the evolution of the epidemic of COVID-19 after the alarm state and identify factors associated with the differences between the autonomous communities. Method Ecological study that used epidemiological, demographic, environmental and variables on the structure of health services as explanatory variables. The analysis period was from March 15th (the start of the alarm state) until April 22nd, 2020. Incidence and mortality rates were the main response variables. The magnitude of the associations has been estimated using the Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results Incidence and mortality rates at the time of decree of alarm status are associated with current incidence, mortality and hospital demand rates. Higher mean temperatures are significantly associated with a lower current incidence of COVID-19 in the autonomous communities. Likewise, a higher proportion of older people in nursing homes is significantly associated with a higher current mortality in the autonomous communities. Conclusion It is possible to predict the evolution of the epidemic through the analysis of incidence and mortality. Lower temperatures and the proportion of older people in residences are factors associated with a worse prognosis. These parameters must be considered in decisions about the timing and intensity of the implementation of containment measures. In this sense, strengthening epidemiological surveillance is essential to improve predictions.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la evolución de la epidemia de COVID-19 después del estado de alarma e identificar factores asociados a las diferencias entre las comunidades autónomas. Método Estudio ecológico que utilizó variables epidemiológicas, demográficas, ambientales y sobre la estructura de los servicios sanitarios como variables explicativas. El periodo de análisis fue desde el 15 de marzo (inicio del estado de alarma) hasta el 22 de abril de 2020. Las tasas de incidencia y de mortalidad fueron las variables respuesta principales. La magnitud de las asociaciones se ha estimado mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados Las tasas de incidencia y de mortalidad en el momento del decreto del estado de alarma se asocian con las tasas de incidencia, mortalidad y demanda hospitalaria actuales. Las temperaturas medias más altas se asocian significativamente con una menor incidencia actual de COVID-19. Asimismo, una mayor proporción de personas mayores en residencias se asocia significativamente a una mortalidad actual más elevada. Conclusión Es posible predecir la evolución de la epidemia a través del análisis de la incidencia y de la mortalidad. Las temperaturas más bajas y la elevada proporción de personas mayores en residencias son factores asociados a un peor pronóstico. Estos parámetros deben ser considerados en las decisiones sobre el momento y la intensidad de la implantación de las medidas de contención. En este sentido, fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica es esencial para mejorar las predicciones.

Ações de saúde na atenção primária são essenciais para garantir a qualidade na assistência. O objetivo foi identificar as ações desenvolvidas na atenção primária, direcionadas aos idosos institucionalizados no Brasil, a partir da óptica dos gestores municipais. Estudo qualitativo, observacional e analítico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com 28 gestores de 11 municípios pertencentes às 5 regiões geográficas brasileiras. Os dados recolhidos foram processados pelo software ALCESTE (4.9). Os resultados demonstram que as ações direcionadas aos idosos institucionalizados foram escassas. Em relação aos idosos em geral as ações simbolizam atenção fragmentada e distante do preconizado nas Políticas de Saúde Pública aos Idosos.

Health actions in primary care are essential to ensure the quality of care. The objective was to identify the actions undertaken in primary care, targeted to institutionalized elderly in Brazil, from the perspective o fmunicipal managers. It is a qualitative, observational and analytical study. Semi-structured interviews with 28 managers of 11municipalities in the five geographical regions were conducted. The collected data were processed by ALCESTE software (4.9). Results demonstrate that the actions directed to the institutionalized elderly were scarce. Regarding the elderly in general the actions symbolize fragmented and distant attention advocated by the Public Health Policy for the Elderly.

Introduction: Magnesium is an essential micronutrient for human body, and its deficiency has been associated with risk of non-communicable diseases. Objective: Assessment of magnesium status, and evaluation of the frequency of magnesium deficiency in a group of healthy adults. Methods: Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels, and magnesium intake were determined in 115 students (55 women and 60 men), from a public university in Brazil. Results: The medians of magnesium concentration in plasma (0.76 mmol/L), erythrocyte (1.97 mmol/L), and of dietary daily intake (8.84 mmol/d) were low. Forty two percent of participants had plasma or erythrocyte magnesium below the limit of 0.75 and 1.65 mmol/L, respectively. A high percentage showed high probability of inadequate magnesium intake. Conclusions: There was a high frequency of subclinical magnesium deficiency in the adults assessed, that could be related to low dietary magnesium intake.

Introducción: El magnesio es esencial, y su deficiencia ha sido asociada a mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado de nutrición de magnesio y su ingesta en adultos sanos, y determinar la frecuencia de su deficiencia en esta población. Métodos: Fueron evaluados 115 adultos estudiantes de una universidad pública en Brasil, y se determinó la ingesta dietética y los niveles de magnesio en plasma y eritrocitos. Resultados: Las medianas de distribución de magnesio en plasma (0,76 mmol/L), en eritrocitos (1,97 mmol/L), y la ingesta de magnesio (8,84 mmol/d) fueron bajas. Un 42% de la muestra tuvieron concentración de magnesio en plasma o eritrocitos por debajo de los respectivos 0,75 mmol/L y 1,65 mmol/L. Un alto porcentaje de ellos exhibió probabilidad de ingesta de magnesio inadecuada. Conclusiones: Se observó una alta frecuencia de deficiencia de magnesio subclínica en los adultos evaluados.

Background: Temporal trends in dietary patterns reveal associations between food consumption and increased prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases. Objectives: This study characterized dietary patterns in adolescents in urban area located in northeast of Brazil, relating it to the markers of a healthy diet. Methods: A cross-sectional study used two 24-hour recalls to assess dietary intake in 430 public school students from Natal-RN, Brazil. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns according to consumption of food based on weight (grams), energy (Kcal), or fiber (grams). These models resulted in a number of different main components, 7, 8 and 4, respectively (cumulative variance >70%; factor loadings >0.4). The association between independent variables and the factor scores of all components obtained was determined by the Prevalence Ratio (CI 95%). Results: The dietary patterns derived were: (1) Pure Traditional Food System, the highly representative pattern in young adolescents and the first component of the analytical models, (2) Combined and Risk Food System; extraction of total food weight and energy revealed markers of unhealthy diets based on high sugar, saturated fat, and salt consumption, and (3) Modified Traditional Food System represented by fiber; pattern 1 was observed within this model too. The associations observed, predominantly from the TFSm pattern, distinguished by sex, age and nutritional status. Conclusions: Patterns 1 and 3 are characterized by preserved regional food practices that prevent chronic disease, whereas pattern 2 is characterized by health risks. These inter-sectorial findings should be considered in the development of health care policies for children and adolescents.

Introducción: Estudios nacionales de evolución temporal encuentran que la tendencia del consumo alimentario se asocia con aumento de la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Caracterizar los hábitos alimentarios de los adolescentes en un área urbana del Noreste de Brasil, relacionándolos con los marcadores dietéticos saludables. Métodos: Estudio transversal con adolescentes (n=430) de las escuelas públicas de Natal-RN, Brasil. El consumo alimentario se evaluó mediante dos recordatorios 24h. La técnica de Análisis de Componentes Principales fue utilizada para derivar patrones dietéticos, de acuerdo con: alimentos en gramos (g), la energía en Kcal y la fibra en gramos, lo que resulta, respectivamente, en un número de diferentes componentes principales, 7, 8 y 4 (varianza acumulada >70%; cargas factoriales >0,4). La asociación entre las variables independientes y los escores de los factores de todos los componentes obtenidos, se determinó por la razón de prevalencia (IC 95%). Resultados: Los patrones dietéticos fueron: el (1) Sistema Alimentario Tradicional puro representó el primero componente de los modelos; el (2) Sistema Alimentario Combinado y de riesgo reveló marcadores de alimentación no saludables, debido a la alta frecuencia de azucares refinados, grasas saturadas y sal; y el (3) Sistema Alimentario Modificado fue identificado en el modelo de las fibras, el patrón 1 de nuevo fue observado en este patrón. Las asociaciones observadas, en particular del patrón SATm, distinguen por sexo, edad y estado nutricional. Conclusiones: Los patrones dietéticos 1 y 3 se caracterizaron por la preservación de las prácticas regionales de alimentos, muy saludables, desde el punto de vista de la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas, mientras que el 2 representó alerta y riesgo para la salud. Los hallazgos pueden subvencionar Políticas de Atención a la Salud para infancia y adolescencia en carácter intersectorial.

Although many studies point to alterations in the organic concentrations of zinc in elderly patients, the mechanisms by which aging might cause changes in the metabolism of this nutrient remain unclear. Thus, we assessed the changes in plasma zinc, zinc binding capacity to plasma protein (ZnBCPP) and saturation índex (SI), comparing elderly individuáis and young adults. The zinc analyses were performed by atonde absorption spectrophotometry. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) wasfound between the two groups in relation to plasma zinc and SI, but the ZnBCPP did not differ between the younger and older subjects. In agreement with this result, it was shown in the young group that 76% (R² = 0.760) of the ZnBCPP variations are explained by the variations in plasma zinc and SI. In the elderly group this measure decreased to 30.5% (R² = 0.305). We conclude, therefore, that aging may be a factor associated to changes in control mechanisms and in zinc homeostasis, and could even alter ZnBCPP response patterns and other zinc-related indicators of nutritional status.

A pesar que muchos estudios indicarían que existen alteraciones en las concentraciones orgánicas del zinc en pacientes mayores, los mecanismos por los cuales el envejecimiento podría implicar cambios en el metabolismo de esta nutriente, aún permanecen pocos claros. Buscamos evaluar los cambios relativos al zinc plasmático, a la Capacidad de Ligación del Zinc a la Proteína Plasmática (ZnBCPP) y en el índice de Saturación (SI). Los análisis de zinc fueron realizados por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, comparando personas mayores y adultos jóvenes. Una diferencia significativa fue encontrada (p< 0,001), entre los dos grupos, en relación al zinc plasmático e SI, siendo que la ZnBCPP no cambió entre los jóvenes y adultos mayores. Constatando este resultado, se demostró que en el grupo de jóvenes las variaciones en la ZnBCPP son explicadas en 76% (R²= 0,760) por las variaciones en el zinc plasmático en el SI. En el grupo de los mayores esta medida disminuye a 30,5% (R²= 0,305). Concluimos que el envejecimiento puede ser un factor asociado a los cambios en los mecanismos de control y homeostasis del zinc, alternando los patrones de respuesta relativos a ZnBCPP y algunos otros indicadores del estado nutricional relativo al zinc.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de infecção de bactérias cariogênicas e estreptococos orais e sua colonização após uso de bochechos com NaF, clorexidina e clorexidina e NaF associados. Associação de clorexidina e NaF foi o único agente que reduziu os níveis de Streptococcus mutans (grupo) por 30 dias.

This study was carried out to evaluate levels of infection of bacteria involved in caries and oral streptococci and their colonization after use of mouthrinses with NaF, chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine plus NaF. Combination of chlorhexidine and fluoride was the only agent that reduced levels of Streptococcus mutans (group) for 30 days.