Resumo Investigar a diversidade genética em populações naturais de espécies com potencial para uso em programas de reflorestamento é um passo importante para a tomada de decisões relacionadas ao planejamento e manejo dos plantios. No entanto, programas de reflorestamento com espécies nativas no Brasil raramente são realizados com base no conhecimento do genótipo das matrizes doadoras das sementes utilizadas para produção de mudas. Este é o caso de Myrsine umbellata, um arbusto dioico pertencente à família Primulaceae, que vem sendo utilizado em programas de reflorestamento no Brasil principalmente por apresentar elevada capacidade de produção de frutos atrativos à avifauna. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a diversidade genética intra e interpopulacional em populações naturais de M. umbellata em seis remanescentes florestais da Floresta Atlântica, utilizando marcadores ISSR. Os resultados revelaram que a diversidade genética intrapopulacional foi maior que a diversidade genética entre as populações estudadas. Por essa razão, o cultivo de mudas a partir de sementes obtidas em mais de uma população parece ser a estratégia mais apropriada para reflorestamento. Mesmo considerando que as populações mais isoladas são aquelas mais estruturadas, todas as populações de M. umbellata incluídas neste estudo revelaram ser importantes bancos de germoplasma conservados in situ.

Abstract The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.

Resumo Espécies de plantas que mostram padrão gregário de distribuição e endemismo na Floresta Atlântica, como Dorstenia elata, são particularmente sensíveis aos efeitos da perda da diversidade genética. Considerando isso, objetivou-se com este trabalho quantificar a diversidade genética em populações nativas dessa espécie em um remanescente da Mata Atlântica. A amostra incluiu três subpopulações de indivíduos e a caracterização molecular foi realizada com doze primers ISSR. As análises intrapopulacionais foram baseadas no cálculo do índice de Shannon; a heterozigosidade total esperada e a matriz de distâncias entre pares de indivíduos também foram calculadas. O dendrograma de agrupamento obtido evidenciou a formação de dois grupos. As investigações interpopulacionais foram baseadas na análise de variância molecular e na estimativa do fluxo gênico. Os resultados demonstram que um grupo compreendeu os genótipos de duas subpopulações, e o outro continha exclusivamente os genótipos de uma terceira subpopulação. A maior variabilidade genética foi observada dentro e não entre populações, indicando que a distância geográfica e a estrada que divide as populações estudadas não estão causando perda de diversidade genética.

Abstract Plant species that show gregarious spatial distribution and endemism to the Atlantic Forest, such as Dorstenia elata, are particularly sensitive to the effects of genetic diversity loss. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the genetic diversity in native populations of this species in an Atlantic Forest remnant. The sample included three aggregates of individuals, and molecular characterization was performed with twelve ISSR primers. Intrapopulation analyses were based on the calculation of the Shannon index; total expected heterozygosity and the matrix of distances between pairs of individuals were also calculated. The obtained grouping dendrogram evinced the formation of two groups. Interpopulation investigations were based on the analysis of molecular variance and the estimate of historical gene flow. The results demonstrate that one group comprised the genotypes from two subpopulations, and the other contained exclusively the genotypes of a third subpopulation. The greatest genetic variability was observed within rather than among populations, indicating that the geographical distance and the road that divides the studied populations are not causing loss of genetic diversity.

ABSTRACT The Atlantic Forest is a biome that has suffered anthropic actions, such as the extraction of hardwood, which can lead to the extinction of endemic species of great economic and ecological value, such as Dalbergia nigra. In this perspective, large-scale multiplication studies are necessary to contribute to the conservation of this species. The objective of this work was to establish a protocol for the in vitro production of axenic seedlings of D. nigra. Four experiments were performed: I. Immersion times in NaOCl. II. Disinfecting agents in seed germination of D. nigra. III. NaOCl toxicity in seeds of the model species Lactuca sativa L. IV. Culture media and glutamine in the germination and initial growth of D. nigra. All experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. For a better disinfestation and less harmful effects to the seedlings, it is recommended that the seeds be treated with 70% alcohol (1 min) and NaOCl (14 min). NaOCl has a high phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effect, and its mechanism of action in the L. sativa cell cycle is clastogenic and aneugenic, suggesting the formation of abnormal seedlings in D. nigra. The WPM medium and its supplementation with glutamine (0.75 mg.L-1) are recommended.

Resumo Neste trabalho são apresentadas as espécies de Passifloraceae sensu stricto do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A família encontra-se representada por dois gêneros, Mitostemma, com apenas M. glaziovii e Passiflora com 30 espécies, com representantes de quatro subgêneros: duas espécies pertencentes ao subgênero Astrophea, seis ao subgênero Debaloba, uma ao subgênero Deidamioides, e vinte e um ao subgênero Passiflora. Dentre as espécies, P. margaritae é classificada como “em perigo” (EN), de acordo com os critérios da IUCN, e temos o primeiro registro de P. cacao e P. campanulata para o estado. São apresentadas descrições, dados de distribuição geográfica e comentários.

Abstract A treatment of the species of Passifloraceae sensu stricto from the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is presented. The family is represented by two genera: Mitostemma, with M. glaziovii, and Passiflora with 30 species in four subgenera: two species belonging to subgenus Astrophea, six to subgenus Decaloba, one to subgenus Deidamioides, and twenty one to subgenus Passiflora. Among the species, we highlight P. margaritae, considered endangered (EN), according to the IUCN, and we record the first occurrence of P. cacao and P. campanulata for the state. Descriptions, photos, distribution data and taxonomic comments regarding the species are presented.

ABSTRACT The development of tissue cultured-based protocols applied to braúna, an endangeres species, would be though highly desirable. However, contamination-free explants are determinant for the success of this technique, which might be vulnerable to the toxicity of disinfectants. Here, we aimed at establishing an efficient protocol for in vitro production of axenic seedlings of braúna and to evaluate the toxicity of disinfectant agents in the Lactuca sativa model species. Experiments I and II: Seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and fungicide captan, with and without residue, by different immersion times, respectively. The following were analyzed: contamination; germination and normal and abnormal seedlings. Experiment III: Lettuce seeds placed in Petri dishes were exposed to 2.5 mL captan at 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8%; 0.01% glyphosate and distilled water. The germination, length of seedlings, cell cycle, nuclear and chromosomal alterations of the cells of the root meristem were assesed. The isolated use of NaOCl was not efficient in the disinfestation of braúna seeds. However, the immersion of the seeds in captan, for 10 minutes with its residue, led to higher germination and vigor indexes; however, resulted in the formation of abnormal seedlings. This compound exhibited toxicity in the lettuce model seeds because affected the germination and the whole development of the seedlings, showing clastogenic and aneugenic action in the meristematic cell cycle.