Por que o Brasil tem tradicionalmente adotado postura defensiva em negociações multilaterais sobre o comércio de serviços? São três as principais categorias explicativas comumente usadas para entender os determinantes domésticos da diplomacia econômica: interesses, instituições e ideias. Neste estudo, avalio o papel dessas variáveis na determinação da posição brasileira nas negociações de serviços da Rodada Uruguai. O estudo de caso apresentado se vale de fontes primárias e entrevistas para reconstituir a posição negociadora do país ao longo da rodada, identificar as preferências dos atores governamentais e não governamentais relevantes e apontar os mecanismos e instâncias de interação entre governo e setor privado.

Why has Brazil traditionally adopted a defensive position in multilateral negotiations on trade in services? Three explanatory factors are typically used for understanding the domestic determinants of economic diplomacy: interests, institutions, and ideas. In this study, I assess the role of these variables in determining the Brazilian stance in the negotiations on trade in services in the Uruguay Round. I use archival evidence and interviews in a case study designed to recover the country's negotiating position throughout the round of negotiations, identify the preferences of relevant government and private actors, and reveal the mechanisms and loci of government-business interaction.

Este artigo propõe quadro analítico para descrever e explicar a economia política das relações econômicas externas brasileiras durante o governo Geisel. Utilizam-se variáveis do sistema internacional, considerando como elas interagem com as ideias e percepções dos tomadores de decisão, as disputas interburocráticas no interior do aparelho do Estado, a política doméstica, e as dinâmicas econômicas exógenas às políticas governamentais.

This article proposes an analytical framework to describe and explain the political economy of Brazilian foreign economic relations in the Geisel administration. We use variables from the international system, considering how they interact with decision makers’ ideas and perceptions, interbureaucratic disputes within the State apparatus, the domestic politics, and exogenous economic dynamics.

This article discusses the dynamics of nongovernmental domestic actors in the foreign economic policy decision-making process. The article addresses four questions: (1) Do nongovernmental actors influence foreign economic policy decisions? (2) What determines their preferences for given policies? (3) What institutional characteristics in the decision-making process offer greater or lesser permeability to demands by domestic actors? (4) Which institutional variables affect the interaction between societal and governmental interests? The author discusses the answers to these questions provided by the literature. The argument is that the existing theoretical perspectives offer only partial explanations to the dynamics at hand and need to be better integrated in order to adequately understand them.

Dans cet article, on discute la dynamique de la participation d'acteurs domestiques non-gouvernementaux dans le processus décisionnel de la politique économique extérieure. On examine quatre questions: 1) les acteurs nationaux non-gouvernementaux influent-ils sur les décisions de politique économique extérieure?; 2) qu'est-ce qui fait que ces acteurs préfèrent certaines politiques?; 3) quelles caractéristiques institutionnelles du processus décisionnel offrent une plus grande perméabilité aux demandes des acteurs nationaux?; 4) quelles variables institutionnelles nuisent à l'intéraction d'acteurs de la société et du gouvernement? On discute les réponses que la littérature offre à ces questions. On avance que les perspectives théoriques existantes offrent des explications partielles pour l'objet à l'étude et doivent être intégrées pour qu'il puisse être compris de façon adéquate.