Resumo A noz-pecã (Carya illinoinensis Koch) é uma espécie nativa do norte do México e sudeste dos Estados Unidos da América, países que dominam a produção de nozes em todo o mundo. O objetivo foi determinar o balanço de amido na raiz e no tronco, mensalmente, em duas variedades (Western e Wichita), durante um ciclo de produção. A amostragem foi sistemática. Os resultados na raiz e no tronco mostraram diferença nas concentrações de amido entre as variedades. A variedade Wichita apresentou maior concentração de amido nos 12 meses em relação à Western. A variedade Wichita, em ambos os órgãos vegetativos analisados, apresentou melhores condições de acúmulo de amido. A resposta ao maior acúmulo de amido nesta variedade foi devido aos requisitos bióticos e abióticos para o desenvolvimento, sendo menos exigentes do que outras variedades.

Abstract Pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis Koch) is a native specie in Northern Mexico and the Southeastern United States, both countries dominate the production of walnuts to worldwide. The objective was to determine starch balance in root and trunk monthly in two varieties (Western and Wichita), during a production cycle. Sampling was systematic. Results in root and stem showed differences in starch concentrations between varieties, Wichita presented higher concentrations than Western. Wichita variety, in both organs, showed better accumulation conditions of starch. In response to higher starch accumulation in this variety its due to biotic and abiotic requirements to develop up are less demanding than other varieties.

Abstract The study was carried out in Torreon, Coahuila, with the purpose of analyzing the starch dynamics (mg g-1 MS) and its contribution to the total carbon of the biomass in the perennial organs of the walnut tree (Carya illinoensis Koch) in two phenological stages. The sampling was systematic. The results showed a significant difference in the concentration of starch between root (U= 7, p= 0.007) and trunk (U= 0, p= 0), but not between branches (U=26, p= 0.574) and annual growth (U= 31, p = 0.959). The means of concentration of starch obtained in production were: root= 56.22 mg g-1 MS, trunk= 61.52 mg g-1 MS, branch= 32.76 mg g-1 MS, annual growth= 31.87 mg g-1 MS. In production, the starch was concentrated in trunk (𝑥̅= 86.79 mg g-1 MS), followed by root (𝑥̅= 42.36 mg g-1 MS) and in smaller amount in branch (𝑥̅= 33.08 mg g-1 MS) and annual growth (𝑥̅= 31.85 mg g-1 MS). In dormancy the results were: root (𝑥̅= 70.08 mg g-1 MS), trunk (𝑥̅= 36.26 mg g-1 MS) and in smaller amount in branch (𝑥̅= 32.44 mg g-1 MS) and annual growth (𝑥̅= 31.89 mg g-1 MS). The total carbon contained in the biomass ranges from 42.62 to 43.36%. The contribution of the starch carbon represented from 1.34 to 3.64% with respect to the total biomass of the tree.

Resumen El estudio se llevó a cabo en Torreón, Coahuila. con la finalidad de analizar la dinámica del almidón (mg g-1 MS) y su contribución al carbono total de la biomasa en los órganos perennes del nogal (Carya illinoensis Koch) en dos etapas fenológicas. El muestreo fue sistemático. Los resultados mostraron diferencia significativa en la concentración de almidón entre raíz (U= 7, p = 0.007) y tronco (U= 0, p= 0), pero no entre rama (U=26, p= 0.574) y crecimiento anual (U= 31, p= 0.959). Las medias de concentración de almidón obtenidas en producción fueron: raíz= 56.22 mg g-1 MS, tronco= 61.52 mg g-1 MS, rama= 32.76 mg g-1 MS, crecimiento anual= 31.87 mg g-1 MS. En producción, el almidón se concentró en tronco (𝑥̅= 86.79 mg g-1 MS), seguido por raíz (𝑥̅= 42.36 mg g-1 MS) y en menor cantidad en rama (𝑥̅= 33.08 mg g-1 MS) y crecimiento anual (𝑥̅= 31.85 mg g-1 MS). En dormancia los resultados fueron: raíz (𝑥̅= 70.08 mg g-1 MS), tronco (𝑥̅= 36.26 mg g-1 MS) y en menor cantidad en rama (𝑥̅= 32.44 mg g-1 MS) y crecimiento anual (𝑥̅= 31.89 mg g-1 MS). El carbono total contenido en la biomasa va de 42.62 a 43.36%. La contribución del carbono del almidón representó de 1.34 al 3.64% con respecto a la biomasa total del árbol.

Abstract: Women’s entry into the labor market and important changes in family configurations have undermined the traditional organization of families, based on male providers and female caregivers. However, recent research suggests that this has not meant the end of these traditional, gendered patterns. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the reasons behind this phenomenon and how young couples, with and without children, face the challenge of making paid work and family compatible in the city of Talca (Chile). We focus on social representations on paid, domestic and care work and on the processes of negotiation associated to the distribution of related tasks - when such processes take place - that could explain their current domestic arrangements. Our results suggest that, despite declaring arrangements based on the equality principle, personal abilities o preferences, couples maintain highly gendered modes of organization, coupled with a progressive discourse.

Resumen: La incorporación cada vez más masiva de las mujeres al mercado de trabajo e importantes cambios en las configuraciones familiares han puesto en tela de juicio la organización tradicional de las familias sobre la base de hombres proveedores/mujeres cuidadoras. Sin embargo, la evidencia disponible indica que ello no ha cambiado la distribución tradicional de tareas por sexo. Este trabajo busca aportar a la comprensión de las razones que ayudarían a explicar la persistencia de estos patrones tradicionales, y cómo parejas jóvenes con y sin hijos enfrentan el reto de conciliar familia y trabajo en la ciudad de Talca (Chile). Ello, con foco en las representaciones sociales sobre el trabajo doméstico y de cuidado y en los procesos de negociación - si los hay - que explicarían sus arreglos domésticos actuales. Nuestros resultados sugieren que se declaran patrones de organización familiar basados en la igualdad, habilidades o preferencias personales, pero las prácticas revelan la persistencia de modos de organización apegados a los patrones tradiciones según género.

Background: Periodontitis may have a triggering and aggravating role of various medical conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis. Aim: To evaluate the periodontal status in Chilean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treated in a public hospital. Patients and Methods: A trained professional conducted a periodontal examination in 40 patients with RA aged 23 to 73 years (85% women). When present, the severity of periodontitis and its relationship with gender, smoking, age, corticosteroids dose and AR activity were assessed. AR activity was evaluated using the Disease Activity Score Calculator for Rheumatoid Arthritis (DAS 28). Results: Thirty five of the 40 patients had periodontitis and in 13, it was severe. Men, smokers, and older patients had more severe stages. Patients using higher doses of corticosteroids had lower severity of periodontitis. No relationship between the severity of periodontitis and AR activity was found. Conclusions: Periodontitis is common and severe in patients with RA, and is influenced by gender, age, smoking and corticosteroid dose.