ABSTRACT: Acute liver injury (ALI) is an important medical problem that requires effective therapy. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid, and the beneficial effects of astaxanthin, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities, have been identified. The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effects of astaxanthin against ALI and their underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide combined with different doses of astaxanthin for 12 h. Mice were fed with or without astaxanthin for up to 7 days. LPS was administered to induce inflammation. We assessed histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis .The results indicated that astaxanthin attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that astaxanthin down regulated the nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathways, inhibiting the LPS-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, and alleviating LPS-induced ALI in mice.

RESUMO: A lesão hepática aguda (ALI) é um problema médico importante que requer terapia eficaz. A astaxantina (AST) é um carotenóide, e os efeitos benéficos da astaxantina, incluindo atividades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e antitumorais, foram identificados. O presente estudo foi desenhado para elucidar os efeitos protetores da astaxantina contra ALI e seus mecanismos subjacentes. Macrófagos RAW264.7 foram tratados com dimetil sulfóxido combinado com diferentes doses de astaxantina por 12 h. Os camundongos foram alimentados com ou sem astaxantina por até sete dias. O LPS foi administrado para induzir a inflamação. Histopatologia, estresse oxidativo, inflamação e apoptose foram avaliados. Os resultados indicaram que a astaxantina atenuou o estresse oxidativo induzido por LPS, inflamação e apoptose celular in vivo e in vitro. Experimentos in vivo e in vitro mostraram que a astaxantina regulou negativamente as vias de sinalização do fator nuclear-kappa beta (NF-κB), fator nuclear 2 relacionado ao eritróide 2 (Nrf2) e domínio de pirina da família NLR contendo 3 (NLRP3), inibindo o LPS- resposta inflamatória induzida, estresse oxidativo e apoptose celular e alívio da ALI induzida por LPS em camundongos.

Abstract Background and purpose: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has multifunctional health benefits. We evaluated the effects of low-sodium salt applied to Chinese modified DASH diet on arterial stiffness in older patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Methods: sixty-one older adults with hypertension and type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to low sodium salt group (n = 31) or normal sodium salt group (n = 30). They were given the Chinese modified DASH diet plus low-sodium salt (52 % sodium chloride) or same diet plus regular salt (99 % sodium chloride) for eight weeks, respectively. Brachial and ankle pulse wave conduction velocity, ankle brachial index and atherosclerosis-related indices were measured at baseline and week 8. In addition, 24-hour urine and blood samples were measured at baseline, the 4th week and the end of the intervention. Results: as compared with the baseline, the low sodium salt group significantly decreased in ankle brachial index (-0.09 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) and brachial and ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (-133.07 ± 265.99 cm/s, p = 0.010) at week 8 while the normal sodium salt group only decreased significantly in ankle brachial index (-0.06 ± 0.12, p = 0.010) at week 8. Conclusion: the low-sodium salt applied to Chinese modified DASH diet may improve arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Further research with an extended follow-up is needed.

Resumen Antecedentes y propósito: la dieta DASH (del inglés Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) tiene beneficios multifuncionales para la salud. Evaluamos los efectos de una sal baja en sodio aplicada a la versión modificada china de la dieta DASH sobre la rigidez arterial en pacientes mayores con hipertensión y diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: sesenta y un adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial y diabetes tipo 2 fueron asignados al azar al grupo de sal baja en sodio (n = 31) o al grupo de sal con contenido normal de sodio (n = 30). Se les administró la versión china modificada de la dieta DASH más sal baja en sodio (52 % de cloruro de sodio) o la misma dieta más sal con la cantidad normal de sodio (99 % cloruro de sodio) durante ocho semanas, respectivamente. Se midieron la velocidad de onda de pulso brazo-tobillo, el índice brazo-tobillo y los índices relacionados con la aterosclerosis al inicio del estudio y a la semana 8. Se recogieron muestras de orina y sangre de 24 horas al inicio, a la cuarta semana y al final de la intervención. Resultados: en comparación con el estado inicial, el grupo de sal baja en sodio disminuyó significativamente el índice brazo-tobillo (-0,09 ± 0,11, p < 0,001) y la velocidad de onda de pulso brazo-tobillo (-133,07 ± 265,99 cm/s, p = 0,010) en la semana 8, mientras que el grupo de sal con contenido normal de sodio solo disminuyó significativamente en el índice brazo-tobillo (-0,06 ± 0,12, p = 0,010) en la semana 8. Conclusión: la sal baja en sodio aplicada a la versión china modificada de la dieta DASH puede mejorar la rigidez arterial en pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes tipo 2. Se necesitan más investigaciones con un seguimiento prolongado.

Abstract Aim: to investigate the effects of low sodium formula salt combined with the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cerebrovascular function in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Methods: an eight-week single-arm trial was conducted in 66 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes to investigate effects of low sodium formula salt (potassium chloride 56 %, sodium chloride 23 %, 5 g/day) combined with Chinese Modified DASH diet on cerebrovascular function (measured by transcranial Doppler sonography), indicators of chronic diseases (blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids) and urinary excretion. The above indicators were performed before and after intervention. Results: fifty-nine subjects completed the study. Peak systolic velocity, mean flow velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index and resistance index of internal cerebral artery and vertebral artery decreased significantly (p < 0.05); pulsatility index and resistance index of anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery decreased significantly (p < 0.05); and end-diastolic velocity and pulsatility index of basilar artery decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Blood pressure and blood glucose control rates increased significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: based on the study, 23 % low-sodium formula combined with CM-DASH diet pattern can improve cerebrovascular function in community patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes and has a good short-term benefit of blood pressure and glucose control.

Resumen Objetivo: investigar los efectos de una sal baja en sodio combinada con la versión china de la dieta DASH (del inglés Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) modificada en la función cerebrovascular en pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: en 66 pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes tipo 2 se llevó a cabo un ensayo de ocho semanas para investigar los efectos de la sal baja en sodio (cloruro de potasio 56 %, cloruro de sodio 23 %, 5 g/día) combinada con la dieta DASH en su versión china modificada en la función cerebrovascular (medido por sonografía Doppler transcraneal), los indicadores de enfermedades crónicas (presión arterial, glucosa sanguínea y lípidos sanguíneos) y la excreción urinaria. Los indicadores anteriores se midieron antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: cincuenta y nueve sujetos completaron el estudio. La velocidad sistólica máxima, la velocidad media del flujo, la velocidad diastólica final, el índice de pulsatilidad y el índice de resistencia de la arteria cerebral anterior y la arteria vertebral disminuyeron significativamente (p < 0,05); el índice de pulsatilidad y el índice de resistencia de la arteria cerebral anterior y la arteria media disminuyeron significativamente (p < 0,05); y la velocidad diastólica final y el índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria basilar disminuyeron significativamente (p < 0,05). La presión arterial sistémica, la presión arterial diastólica, la glucosa arterial en ayuno y la glucemia posprandial disminuyeron significativamente (p < 0,001, p < 0,001, p < 0,001, p < 0,001). La presión arterial y las tasas de control de glucosa en sangre aumentaron significativamente (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: la fórmula de sal con un 23 % de sodio combinada con la dieta DASH en su versión china modificada puede mejorar la función cerebrovascular en pacientes comunitarios con hipertensión complicada por la diabetes y es beneficiosa a corto plazo para la presión arterial y el control de la glucosa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Objective: To explore predictive factors and potential mechanisms of new-onset POAF in isolated off-pump CABG patients. Methods: Retrospective observational case-control study of 233 patients undergoing isolated off-pump CABG surgery between August 2018 and July 2020 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. Associations between predictor variables and new-onset POAF were identified. The main outcome was new-onset POAF after CABG surgery. Results: A total of 75 (32.19%) patients developed new-onset POAF after CABG surgery. The new-onset POAF patients had advanced age, higher baseline systolic blood pressure, more preoperative use of diuretic drug, more transfusion of blood products, atrial dilation and postoperative positive inotropic drug treatment. Nineteen variates entered the multivariable logistic regression model with a Hosmer-Lemeshow test score of 7.565 (P=0.477). Postoperative left atrial enlargement, postoperative drainage in the first 24 hours and total length of hospital stay were statistically significant, while postoperative right atrial enlargement (OR and 95% CI, 7.797 [0.200, 304.294], P=0.272) and left atrial enlargement (3.524 [1.141, 10.886], P=0.029) assessed by echocardiography had the largest OR value. Conclusion: Atrial enlargement is strongly associated with new-onset POAF in patients with isolated off-pump CABG, thus it highlights the advantage of echocardiography as a useful tool for predicting new-onset POAF. Careful monitoring and timely intervention should be considered for these patients.

RESUMO: A eficiência ecológica agrícola é de grande valor para a formulação da política agrícola do governo. A pesquisa sobre os fatores que afetam a eficiência ecológica agrícola pode fornecer suporte para a formação de contramedidas para melhorar a eficiência ecológica agrícola. A pesquisa existente não conduziu uma análise aprofundada do impacto da urbanização na eficiência ecológica agrícola, e há uma falta de pesquisas relevantes sobre o impacto da urbanização na eficiência ecológica agrícola. Este artigo é baseado em dados de 30 províncias e cidades na China de 2009 a 2018, usando o modelo SBM que considera produção indesejada, método de entropia, modelo Tobit e outros modelos e métodos para medir a eficiência ecológica agrícola e índice abrangente de urbanização, e analisar o impacto do índice abrangente de urbanização e dos indicadores de urbanização na eficiência ecológica agrícola. Os resultados da pesquisa são os seguintes: 1) A eficiência ecológica agrícola geral nas 30 províncias e cidades da China aumentou de 2009 a 2018. A região leste apresenta a maior eficiência ecológica agrícola, seguida pela região oeste, e as regiões centro e nordeste apresentam valores relativamente baixos; 2) O índice de urbanização abrangente das 30 províncias e cidades da China continuou a crescer de 2009 a 2018. O nível de urbanização na região leste é o mais alto, na região central aumentou rapidamente de 2009 a 2018, e no oeste e no nordeste regiões é relativamente baixo; 3) O aumento geral da urbanização pode promover a melhoria da eficiência ecológica agrícola. O impacto de indicadores específicos de urbanização na eficiência ecológica agrícola é complexo. Portanto, discutir o impacto da urbanização na eficiência ecológica da agricultura não pode ser considerado sob um único aspecto, mas deve ser analisado sob múltiplas perspectivas.

ABSTRACT: Agricultural ecological efficiency is of great value to the government’s agricultural policy formulation. Research on the factors affecting agricultural ecological efficiency can provide support for the formation of countermeasures to improve agricultural ecological efficiency. Existing research has not conducted an in-depth analysis of the impact of urbanization on agricultural ecological efficiency, and there is a lack of relevant research on the impact of urbanization on agricultural ecological efficiency. This article is based on the data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2018, using the SBM model that considers undesired output, entropy method, Tobit model and other models and methods to measure agricultural ecological efficiency and urbanization comprehensive index, and analyze the impact of urbanization comprehensive index and urbanization indicators on agricultural ecological efficiency. The research results are as follows: 1) The overall agricultural ecological efficiency in China’s 30 provinces and cities has been increasing from 2009 to 2018. The eastern region has the highest agricultural ecological efficiency, followed by the western region, and the central and northeastern regions have relatively low values; 2) The comprehensive urbanization index of China’s 30 provinces and cities continued to grow from 2009 to 2018.The level of urbanization in the eastern region is the highest, in the central region has increased rapidly from 2009 to 2018, and in the western and northeastern regions is relatively low; 3) The overall increase in urbanization can promote the improvement of agricultural ecological efficiency. The impact of specific urbanization indicators on agricultural ecological efficiency is complex. Therefore, discussing the impact of urbanization on agricultural ecological efficiency cannot be considered from a single aspect, but should be analyzed from multiple perspectives.

Abstract As a natural agricultural product, honey is favored by consumers, and its variety and adulteration have a huge impact on the quality. Acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey were used as experimental objects, and their spectral reflectance curves were obtained through a near-infrared spectral image acquisition system. Spectral features were extracted from the preprocessed spectral reflectance curves, and a honey variety classification model based on near-infrared spectral features was established by machine learning. After statistical analysis, Principal Component Analysis Support Vector Machine after processing data through Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA-SVM) is the optimal classification model for three varieties of acacia honey, red jujube honey and rape honey, and the correct rate of honey variety classification reaches 95.83%. The spectral reflectance curve was used to establish a honey adulteration identification model based on the partial least squares-discriiminate analysis (PLS-DA), and the classification accuracy was 97.92% in the test set.

This study analyses the influence and infection of traditional Chinese culture, starting from the cultural influence of ancient Chinese poetry and literature, and explores the impact and healing effect of traditional Chinese poetry and literature on college students' psychological anxiety. Combining with traditional Chinese culture, it proposes intervention and treatment strategies for college students' psychological anxiety. Through volunteer recruitment, 100 college students were recruited for comparative experiments, and the subjects were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group participants regularly participate in Chinese ancient poetry and literature appreciation courses during the experimental period, and form an ancient poetry and literature learning group for discussion and learning. Research has found that psychological anxiety is a common psychological problem among contemporary college students, with most of them experiencing varying degrees of psychological anxiety. After the experiment, the number of patients with severe anxiety disorder decreased by 64.21%, while the number of patients with moderate anxiety disorder decreased by 57.36%. Under the artistic influence of traditional Chinese culture, the anxiety state of students with mental anxiety has been significantly improved, and the overall satisfaction score of students with treatment intervention plans is relatively high. CONTRIBUTION: This study uses the profound historical heritage of Chinese ancient poetry and literature to help contemporary college students adjust their psychological state and reach the psychological adjustment under the infection of Chinese tradition culture. During the learning and appreciation of Chinese ancient poetry, literature and culture, students can comprehend the literature advancement in Chinese society, also influenced by the excellent traditional Chinese culture, for enhancing the humanistic quality and mental health level. The results of this study can be utilised by scholars in the field of the psychology of religion and public theology

Abstract Pressure-assisted thermal sterilization (PATS) is a new technology to inactivate bacterial spores and ensure food safety. Little has been known about the effects of PATS combining with ε-PL on the spore’s nucleic acid, enzymes and other key substances. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation effect of PATS combining with ε-PL on the spores of B. subtilis. The spores were treated with pressure 600 MPa at 25 °C, 65 °C and 75 °C, and ε-PL at 0.1% and 0.3%. After treatment, the survival rate of B. subtilis spores, leakage of nucleic acid and protein, the change in the cell membrane ATPase activity, the leakage of dipicolinic acid, and the damage on protein and nucleic acid of the spores were determined. The results showed that PATS combining with ε-PL inactivated more spores, and significantly increased the release of protein and nucleic acid compared to the control. ATPase activity reached the lowest value after the treatment of 600 MPa/75 °C combining with 0.3% ε-PL. The release of dipicolinic acid from the spores was increased by 600 MPa/75 °C combining with 0.3% ε-PL as compared with 600 MPa/75 °C treatment alone. FTIR analysis showed that a combination of PATS with ε-PL changed the spectral features of B. subtilis functional groups of proteins and nucleic acids. The PATS treatments when combined with ε-PL were found to shift the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrational absorption peaks of phosphodiester group in nucleic acid molecules (P=O). This change suggested that the combined treatment denatured nucleic acid. The combined treatment also changed the protein from an ordered state to a disordered state, and decreased protein stability. The results improved our understanding on the principle of spore inactivation by PATS combining with ε-PL.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball players depend on excellent explosive power in the lower limbs for training and competition activities such as starting, braking, accelerating, decelerating, running, and jumping instantly and quickly. The level of Chinese athletes in this aspect is lower than world powers, and formulating training focused on explosive strength can enhance the training of these athletes. Objective: Study the effects of stretching on lower limb strength in basketball athletes. Methods: 20 young male basketball players selected as volunteers for the research were randomly divided into an experimental and control group, with 10 people in each group for retrospective analysis. The effect of rapid stretching compound training on the explosive power of lower limbs in basketball players was evaluated using the comparative method of literature data, expert interviews, experimental methods, and mathematical statistics. Results: After 8 weeks of training, the scores of each test index in the control group were significantly improved, including the standing jump and long-distance scores (P < 0.01). Unipodal takeoff and post-run long-range scores were significantly improved (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both traditional resistance and compound lower limb stretching training can improve explosive power in young basketball players, but compound training showed more prominent results. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los jugadores de baloncesto dependen de una excelente potencia explosiva en los miembros inferiores para las actividades de entrenamiento y competición, como arrancar, frenar, acelerar, desacelerar, correr y saltar de forma instantánea y rápida. El nivel de los atletas chinos en este aspecto es inferior al de las potencias mundiales y la formulación de un entrenamiento centrado en la fuerza explosiva puede mejorar la formación de estos atletas. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos de los estiramientos en la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores en atletas de baloncesto. Métodos: 20 jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto seleccionados como voluntarios para la investigación fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control, con 10 personas en cada grupo para el análisis retrospectivo. Se evaluó el efecto del entrenamiento compuesto de estiramiento rápido sobre la potencia explosiva de las extremidades inferiores de los jugadores de baloncesto mediante el método comparativo de datos bibliográficos, entrevistas a expertos, métodos experimentales y estadística matemática. Resultados: Después de 8 semanas de entrenamiento, las puntuaciones de cada índice de prueba en el grupo de control mejoraron significativamente, incluyendo las puntuaciones de salto de pie y de larga distancia (P < 0,01). Las puntuaciones de despegue unipodal y de largo alcance tras la carrera mejoraron significativamente (P < 0,05). Conclusión: Tanto el entrenamiento de resistencia tradicional como el entrenamiento compuesto de estiramiento de las extremidades inferiores pueden mejorar la potencia explosiva en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto, pero el entrenamiento compuesto mostró mayor protagonismo en sus resultados. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: Os jogadores de basquetebol dependem de um excelente poder explosivo nos membros inferiores para as atividades de treinamento e competição como iniciar, frear, acelerar, desacelerar, correr e pular instantânea e rapidamente. O nível dos atletas chineses neste aspecto é inferior ao de potências mundiais e a formulação de um treinamento focado em força explosiva pode aprimorar o treinamento desses atletas. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do alongamento sobre a força dos membros inferiores nos atletas de basquetebol. Métodos: 20 jovens jogadores de basquete masculino selecionados como voluntários para a pesquisa foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo de controle, com 10 pessoas em cada grupo para análise retrospectiva. O efeito do treinamento composto de alongamento rápido sobre o poder explosivo dos membros inferiores dos jogadores de basquetebol foi avaliado usando o método comparativo de dados da literatura, entrevistas com especialistas, métodos experimentais e estatísticas matemáticas. Resultados: Após 8 semanas de treinamento, as pontuações de cada índice de teste no grupo de controle foram significantemente aprimoradas, incluindo o salto em pé e as pontuações de longa distância (P < 0,01). A decolagem unipodal e as pontuações de longo alcance pós corrida foram significativamente melhoradas (P<0.05). Conclusão: Tanto o treinamento tradicional de resistência quanto o treinamento composto de alongamento dos membros inferiores podem melhorar o poder explosivo nos jovens jogadores de basquete, porém o treinamento composto apresentou maior destaque em seus resultados. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Shooting is a technical sport demanding much control and accuracy from the athletes. Physical fitness is a critical factor for the sport's skill level, and it is believed that functional training can effectively improve the shooter's technical level, ensuring greater athlete stability. Objective: Analyze the results of functional abdominal core physical training on the grip stability of sport shooters. Methods: Random sampling was used to select 26 volunteer shooters as research pairs. An intervention trial was conducted for eight weeks of functional physical training with these athletes. The subjective perception scale of RPE and the exercise intensity comparison table were used for analysis. Muscle contraction data were measured at 3 s before target shooting. SPSS 19.0 software was used to statistically conduct a t-test on the data collected before and after the experiment. Results: There were significant differences in muscle stability and tolerance before and after physical training (P<0.01). The shooter's flexion stability before the test was not as good as during relaxation. The reduced sustained distance before and after physical training significantly improved the tolerance and stability of the abdominal core muscles. The average amplitude of the biceps electromyography was statistically significant compared to before the test (P<0.05). Conclusion: After eight weeks of functional physical training, the shooting stability of pistol shooters was significantly improved. The lack of physical training, especially in the core abdominal muscles, negatively affects the shooters' stability, limiting the quality of the sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tiro es un deporte técnico, que exige mucho control y precisión a los deportistas. La aptitud física es un factor crítico para el nivel de habilidad deportiva y se cree que el entrenamiento funcional puede mejorar eficazmente el nivel técnico del tirador, garantizando una mayor estabilidad del atleta. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados del entrenamiento físico del núcleo abdominal funcional sobre la estabilidad de agarre de los tiradores deportivos. Métodos: Se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio para seleccionar a 26 tiradores voluntarios como parejas de investigación. Se realizó un ensayo de intervención con estos atletas durante ocho semanas de entrenamiento físico funcional. Para el análisis se utilizó la escala de percepción subjetiva del RPE y la tabla de comparación de la intensidad del ejercicio. Los datos de la contracción muscular se midieron 3 s antes del tiro al blanco. Se utilizó el programa informático SPSS 19.0 para realizar una prueba t sobre los datos recogidos antes y después del experimento. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en la estabilidad y tolerancia muscular antes y después del entrenamiento físico (P<0,01). La estabilidad de la flexión del tirador antes de la prueba no era tan buena como en la relajación. La distancia sostenida antes y después del entrenamiento físico se redujo, la tolerancia y la estabilidad de los músculos del núcleo abdominal mejoraron significativamente. La amplitud media del electromiograma del bíceps fue estadísticamente significativa en comparación con antes de la prueba (P<0,05). Conclusión: Tras ocho semanas de entrenamiento físico funcional, la estabilidad de tiro de los tiradores de pistola mejoró significativamente. La falta de entrenamiento físico, principalmente en los músculos del núcleo abdominal, afecta negativamente a la estabilidad de los tiradores, limitando la calidad del resultado deportivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O tiro esportivo é um esporte técnico, exigindo dos atletas muito controle e precisão. A aptidão física é um fator crítico para o nível de habilidade esportivo e acredita-se que o treinamento funcional possa efetivamente melhorar o nível técnico do atirador, garantindo maior estabilidade do atleta. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados do treinamento físico funcional do centro abdominal sobre a estabilidade da empunhadura dos atiradores esportistas. Métodos: Utilizou-se uma amostragem aleatória para selecionar 26 atiradores voluntários como pares de pesquisa. Um ensaio de intervenção com esses atletas foi conduzido por oito semanas de treinamento físico funcional. A escala de percepção subjetiva da RPE e a tabela de comparação de intensidade do exercício foram utilizadas para análise. Os dados de contração muscular foram aferidos em 3 s antes de atirar com mira. O software SPSS 19.0, foi usado para conduzir estatisticamente um teste-t nos dados coletados antes e depois do experimento. Resultados: Houveram diferenças significativas na estabilidade e na tolerância dos músculos antes e depois do treinamento físico (P<0,01). A estabilidade de flexão do atirador antes do teste não foi tão boa quanto no relaxamento. A distância sustentada antes e depois do treinamento físico foi reduzida, a tolerância e estabilidade dos músculos do centro abdominal foram significativamente aperfeiçoadas. A amplitude média da eletromiografia do bíceps foi estatisticamente significativa em comparação com antes do teste (P<0,05). Conclusão: Após oito semanas de treinamento físico funcional, a estabilidade de tiro dos atiradores com pistolas foi significativamente melhorada. A falta de treinamento físico, principalmente na musculatura do centro abdominal, afeta negativamente a estabilidade dos atiradores, limitando a qualidade do resultado esportivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Abstract The surfactant-polymer-based (S/P) fracturing fluid combines the advantages of the surfactant-based and polymer-based fracturing fluids. In this study, the synergistic tackifying of cationic surfactants and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and the potential application in hydraulic fracturing fluid was investigated. Firstly, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and salicylic acid (SA) with a weight ratio of 4:1 were optimized as the main agent of the small molecule surfactant gel, which was then mixed with carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether cellulose (CMHEC) and salicylic acid (SA) to obtain the S/P gel. The proppant suspension performance, gel-breaking properties, salt-resistance and thermal stability of the optimized S/P were evaluated to confirm their potential application in the hydraulic fracturing fluid. These results showed that the performance of the S/P fracturing fluid system was much better than the performance of the surfactant fracturing fluid and also the performance of polymer fracturing fluid.

Abstract The objective of this work was to establish and validate the dry matter distribution and yield prediction models based on physiological developmental timing, to compare the differences between the dry mass distribution index model and the dry mass distribution coefficient model, for the simulation of ear dry mass and to improve the accuracy of maize growth models for predicting yield. The experiments were conducted in three tropical sites (Longchuan, Mangshi, and Ruili) in the tropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The NRMS of ear dry mass and yield were generally less than 10. The dry mass distribution index method (NRMS = 5.44% and RMSE = 807.22 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; and NRMS = 7.32% and RMSE = 707.67 kg ha-1 for grain yield) is better than the dry mass distribution coefficient method (NRMS = 7.52% and RMSE = 1115.31 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; NRMS = 8.6% and RMSE = 830.76 kgha-1 for grain yield) to simulate maize ear dry mass and grain yield. The distribution index model improves the accuracy of the model, which is valuable for future maize production and management in Yunnan.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e validar um modelo de previsão de distribuição de massa de matéria seca e de rendimento, com base no tempo de desenvolvimento fisiológico, para comparar as diferenças entre o modelo de índice de distribuição de matéria seca e o modelo de coeficiente de distribuição de matéria seca, para a simulação da massa de matéria seca da espiga e para melhorar a precisão de modelos de crescimento do milho para a previsão de rendimento. Os experimentos foram realizados em três locais (Longchuan, Mangshi e Ruili), na região tropical da província de Yunnan, China. O NRMS da massa de matéria seca e o rendimento da espiga foram geralmente menores que 10. O método do índice de distribuição da massa de matéria seca (NRMS = 5,44% e RMSE = 807,22 kg ha-1 para massa de matéria seca da espiga; e o NRMS = 7,32% e RMSE = 707,67 kg ha-1 para rendimento de grãos) é melhor do que o método do coeficiente de distribuição de massa de matéria seca (NRMS = 7,52% e RMSE = 1115,31 kg ha-1 para massa de matéria seca de espiga; NRMS = 8,6% e RMSE = 830,76 kg ha-1 para rendimento de grãos) para a simulação da massa de matéria seca de espiga e o rendimento de grãos de milho. O modelo do índice de distribuição melhora a precisão do modelo, o que é valioso para o futura produção de milho e seu manejo em Yunnan.

ABSTRACT In order to estimate the adaptability of Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Maize model under the special climate environment in tropic, 10 field experiments were conducted at different seasons in three sites (Longchuan, Mangshi and Ruili) of tropic in Yunnan Province, China. The parameters of APSIM model were calibrated and its adaptability was validated. The results showed that the days from sowing to flowering and sowing to maturity were predicted accurately for all sites with mean errors of 2.0 ± 0.4, and 3.2 ± 0.7 d respectively. The normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) of the model for yield prediction were 2%, 3% and 5% for each of three sites, respectively, which indicated that the APSIM model had good accuracy and sensitivity in predicting phenological phases and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in different seasons, and the model had good adaptability in the tropic of Southwest China. This study provided the basis and technical support for evaluating maize production potential based on the model.

Abstract Background: studies have shown that dietary factors are linked to female infertility, but the relation between dietary fiber consumption and infertility has not been proven. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether there is an independent association between dietary fiber intake and infertility in American women. Material and methods: a secondary analysis of the National Health and NUTRITION Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset has been conducted, covering three cycles from 2013 to 2018. A total of 3,497 participants were included in the data analysis. The independent and dependent variables of interest were dietary fiber intake and infertility. Covariates included sociodemographic, questionnaire, diet, and physical examination data. Multiple logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of dietary fiber intake with infertility. Results: each additional increase in log10 dietary fiber consumption was associated with a 32 % lower risk of infertility (OR, 0.68; 95 % CI, 0.48-0.96). The outcome is still robust in the minimally as well as the fully adjusted model. The possibility of a nonlinear association between dietary fiber intake and infertility was ruled out by the GAM model and smooth curve fitting. The RESULTS showed that there is an inverse linear correlation between dietary fiber intake and infertility. Conclusions: the association between intake of dietary fiber and infertility is linear, and increasing dietary fiber intake may be beneficial for lower infertility.

Resumen Antecedentes: el consumo de fibra dietética es un factor importante en la infertilidad femenina. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar si existe una relación independiente entre el consumo de fibra dietética y la infertilidad en las mujeres estadounidenses. Material y métodos: se realizó un análisis secundario del conjunto de datos de la encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición (NHANES), que abarcó tres ciclos entre 2013 y 2018. Se incluyeron 3497 participantes para el análisis de datos. Las variables independientes y dependientes asociadas fueron la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Las covariables incluyeron datos sociodemográficos, de los cuestionarios, dietéticos y médicos. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariada y un análisis de sensibilidad para determinar la relación entre el consumo de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Resultados: cada aumento log10 en el consumo de fibra dietética se asoció con una reducción del 32 % en el riesgo de infertilidad (OR: 0,68; intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 0,48-0,96). En el modelo mínimo y totalmente ajustado, los resultados siguen siendo robustos. El modelo GAM y el ajuste de curvas suavizadas descartaron la posibilidad de una relación no lineal entre la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Los resultados muestran una correlación lineal negativa entre la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. Conclusiones: se observó una relación lineal entre la ingesta de fibra dietética y la infertilidad. El aumento de la ingesta de fibra dietética redujo la incidencia de la infertilidad.

Abstract Introduction: type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex disease affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. Although the drugs currently used to treat T2DM have certain curative effects, they still have some adverse side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find new effective drugs with few side effects to cure T2DM. Objective: to study the role of Inonotus obliquus (IO) in diabetic model mice. Methods: we used high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a diabetic mouse model. Mice were divided into non-high-fat diet group (ND), diabetes model group (HFD + STZ) and IO-treated diabetes model group (IO). The mice in the IO group were orally treated with IO (150 mg/kg) at 10 ml/kg for five weeks. Body weight, glucose level, food intake and water consumption, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were evaluated in all mice. The pathological sections of liver, kidney and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: after IO administration, the blood glucose level, water consumption, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerol (TG) levels of mice decreased. Compared with the HFD + STZ group, the number of normal islet iiiiiiii cells increased and focal necrosis of the liver was significantly reduced in the IO administration group. Conclusions: IO reduced the levels of blood glucose, restored body weight, and enhanced insulin sensitivity along with insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Additionally, IO also reversed HFD and STZ-induced organ injury.

Resumen Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es una enfermedad compleja influenciada por el estilo de vida y los factores genéticos. En la actualidad, aunque los medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 tienen cierto efecto curativo, todavía tienen algunos efectos secundarios. Por lo tanto, es urgente encontrar nuevos medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 que tengan un buen efecto curativo y menos efectos secundarios. Objetivo: estudiar el papel del Inonotus obliquus (IO) en ratones diabéticos. Métodos: se estableció un modelo de ratón diabético con dieta de alto contenido en grasas (HFD) y estreptozocina (STZ). Los ratones se dividieron en el grupo de dieta no alta en grasas (ND), el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus (HFD + STZ) y el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus tratado con IO. Los ratones del grupo IO recibieron 10 ml/kg de IO (150 mg/kg) durante cinco semanas. Se observaron el peso corporal, el nivel de azúcar en sangre, la ingesta de alimentos, la ingesta de agua potable, la tolerancia a la glucosa y la tolerancia a la insulina de los ratones de cada grupo, y se estudiaron muestras de biopsias hepáticas, renales y pancreáticas mediante tinción de hematoxilina eosina. Resultados: los niveles de glucosa en sangre, el consumo de agua, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) y los triglicéridos (TG) disminuyeron después de la administración de IO. En comparación con el grupo HFD+STZ, el número de células β pancreáticas normales y la necrosis focal hepática disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo IO. Conclusiones: el IO redujo el nivel de glucosa en sangre, ayudó a recuperar el peso corporal y mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, la tolerancia a la insulina y la tolerancia a la glucosa en ratones diabéticos. Además, el IO revirtió el daño orgánico inducido por HFD y STZ.