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Resumo: A má nutrição afeta bilhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo e representa um desafio de saúde global. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de má nutrição (desnutrição ou excesso de peso) entre díades mãe-filho em crianças menores de cinco anos no Brasil em 2019 e estimar as mudanças nessa prevalência de 2006 a 2019. Foram analisados dados individuais do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher realizada em 2006 (PNDS 2006). Os desfechos de má nutrição incluíram mãe e filho com excesso de peso, mãe e filho desnutridos e a dupla carga de má nutrição, ou seja, mãe com excesso de peso e filho com qualquer forma de desnutrição (défict de crescimento, magreza ou baixo peso). Foram estimadas a prevalência e os intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A maioria das mulheres (58,2%) e 9,7% das crianças estavam acima do peso, 6,9% apresentaram déficit de crescimento e 3,1% das mães e 2,9% das crianças estavam abaixo do peso. A prevalência de excesso de peso na díade mãe-filho foi de 7,8% e foi estatisticamente maior no Sul do Brasil (9,7%; IC95%: 7,5; 11,9) do que no Centro-oeste (5,4%; IC95%: 4,3; 6,6). A prevalência de mãe com sobrepeso e filho com déficit de crescimento foi de 3,5%, com uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os extremos de escolaridade materna [(0-7 vs. ≥ 12 anos de estudo), 4,8% (IC95%: 3,2; 6,5) and 2,1% (IC95%: 1,2; 3,0), respectivamente]. O excesso de peso na díade aumentou de 5,2% para 7,8% e a dupla carga de má nutrição aumentou de 2,7% para 5,2% desde 2006. A má nutrição nas díades mãe-filho brasileiras parece ser um problema crescente, sendo as mais vulneráveis aquelas com menor escolaridade e maior idade materna e residentes na Região Sul do Brasil.

Resumen: La malnutrición afecta a muchas personas en todo el mundo y representa un desafío para la salud mundial. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición (desnutrición o sobrepeso) entre díadas madre-hijo en niños menores de cinco años en Brasil en 2019 y estimar cambios en esta prevalencia de 2006 a 2019. Se analizaron datos individuales del Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019) y de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer de 2006 (PNDS 2006). Los resultados de la malnutrición incluyeron a madre e hijo con sobrepeso, madre e hijo desnutridos y la doble carga de mala nutrición, es decir, madre con sobrepeso e hijo con cualquier forma de desnutrición (retardo en el crecimiento, emaciación o bajo peso). Se calcularon prevalencias y los intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). La mayoría de las mujeres (58,2%) y el 9,7% de los niños tenían sobrepeso, el 6,9% de los niños presentaban retraso en el crecimiento, y el 3,1% de las madres y el 2,9% de los niños, bajo peso. La prevalencia de sobrepeso en la díada madre-hijo fue del 7,8%, estadísticamente mayor en el Sur de Brasil (9,7%; IC95%: 7,5; 11,9) que en el Centro-Oeste (5,4%; IC95%: 4,3; 6,6). La prevalencia de madres con sobrepeso y de niños con retraso del crecimiento fue del 3,5%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los extremos de nivel educativo de la madre [(0-7 vs. ≥ 12 años de nivel educativo), 4,8% (IC95%: 3,2; 6,5) y 2,1% (IC95%: 1,2; 3,0), respectivamente]. El sobrepeso en la díada tuvo un aumento del 5,2% al 7,8%, y la doble carga de mala nutrición aumentó del 2,7% al 5,2% desde 2006. La malnutrición en la díada madre-hijo brasileña resulta ser un problema creciente, siendo las más vulnerables aquellas con menor escolaridad y mayor edad materna y residentes en la Región Sur de Brasil.

Abstract: Malnutrition affects billions of individuals worldwide and represents a global health challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition or overweight) among mother-child dyads in children under 5 years old in Brazil in 2019 and to estimate changes in this prevalence from 2006 to 2019. Individual-level data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) and the Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health of Women and Children carried out in 2006 (PNDS 2006) were analyzed. Malnutrition outcomes in mother-child dyads included overweight mother and child, undernourished mother and child, and the double burden of malnutrition, i.e., overweight mother and child having any form of undernourishment (stunting, wasting, or underweight). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Most women (58.2%) and 9.7% of the children were overweight, 6.9% were stunted, and 3.1% of mothers and 2.9% of the children were underweight. The prevalence of overweight in the mother-child dyad was 7.8% and was statistically higher in Southern Brazil (9.7%; 95%CI: 7.5; 11.9) than in the Central-West (5.4%; 95%CI: 4.3; 6.6). The prevalence of overweight mother and stunted child was 3.5%, with statistically significant difference between the extremes of the mother’s education [0-7 vs. ≥ 12 years, 4.8% (95%CI: 3.2; 6.5) and 2.1%, (95%CI: 1.2; 3.0), respectively]. Overweight in the dyad increased from 5.2% to 7.8%, and the double burden of malnutrition increased from 2.7% to 5.2% since 2006. Malnutrition in Brazilian mother-child dyads seems to be a growing problem, and dyads with lower formal education, higher maternal age, and from the South Region of Brazil were more vulnerable.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen085622

In vitro evaluation of biological fungicides against Curvularia eragrostidis, a phytopathogenic fungus of pineapple crop
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Hernández-Navarro, Eduardo

; Agustín-Maravilla, Gustavo Ángel

; Sánchez-Rangel, Juan Carlos

; Valadez-Ramírez, Pedro

; Chan-Cupul, Wilberth

Revista mexicana de fitopatología

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2023, Volume 41 Nº 1 Páginas 93 - 111

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se evaluó la eficacia in vitro contra Curvularia eragrostidis de dos productos a base de extractos de plantas, System Max® (Mimosa tenuiflora + Quercus robur) y Sedric 4X® (Yucca schidigera), y tres productos a base de agentes de control biológico, BliteFree® (Streptomyces spp.), BioFungus Clean® (Bacillus subtilis + B. thuringiensis + Trichoderma harzianum + T. viride) y Tonka® (Bacillus subtilis + T. harzianum + Streptomyces lydicus). El fitopatógeno fue aislado de manchas foliares en plantas de piña (Ananas comosus). La cepa fue identificada por reconstrucción filogenética usando las secuencias rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 como Curvularia eragrostidis. En bioensayos dosis respuesta se evaluaron cinco concentraciones: 0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 y 1.0% de cada producto comercial. Se midió el crecimiento diario del micelio (CDM), la inhibición del crecimiento del micelio (% ICM) y la concentración letal media (CL50). Sedric 4X® mostró el% ICM más alto (75%) a la concentración más alta, mientras que Tonka® mostró el% ICM más alto (65%) a la concentración más baja, siendo constante (65.3-66.9%) en todas las concentraciones probadas. Los valores más bajos de CL50 los alcanzaron Tonka® (0.008%), BliteFree (0.015%) y BioFungus Clean® (0.017%). En cambio, los CL50 más altos los alcanzaron Sedric 4X® (0.260%) y System Max® (3.5%). SystemMax® y Sedric 4X® mostraron una relación positiva entre concentración y% ICM, a pesar de sus valores altos de CL50. Los biofungicidas fueron más efectivos que los fungicidas a base de extractos de plantas.

Abstract In vitro effectiveness of two plant extract-based products, System Max® (Mimosa tenuiflora + Quercus robur) and Sedric 4X® (Yucca schidigera); and three biological control agents-based products, BliteFree® (Streptomyces spp.), BioFungus Clean® (Bacillus subtilis + B. thuringiensis + Trichoderma harzianum + T. viride), and Tonka® (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma harzianum + Streptomyces lydicus) were evaluated against Curvularia eragrostidis, an associated fungus to leaf spot disease in pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants. The strain was identified by phylogenetic reconstruction using the rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences as Curvularia eragrostidis. Through a doses response-bioassays five concentrations: 0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% of each commercial product were tested. Daily mycelial growth (DMG), mycelial growth inhibition (% MGI) and the lethal mean concentration (LC50) were calculated. Sedric 4X® showed the highest% MGI (75%) at highest concentration, while Tonka® showed the highest% MGI (65%) at lower concentration, being constant (65.3-66.9%) at all the concentrations tested. The lowers values of EC50 were achieved by Tonka® (0.008%), BliteFree® (0.015%) and BioFungus Clean® (0.017%). In contrast, the highest CE50 were reached by Sedric 4X® (0.260%) and System Max® (3.5%). SystemMax® and Sedric 4X®, showed a positive relation between concentration and% MGI, despite its highest CE50 values. The biofungicides seem to be more effective against C. eragrostidis than plant extracts fungicides.

https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2206-4

Lesiones vertebrales postraumáticas
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Bazán, Pedro L.

; Cortes Luengo, Carlos

; Borri, Álvaro E.

; Medina, Martín

; Ciccioli, Nicolás M.

; Poza Roman, Daiana D.

; Patalano, Luis

; Moreno, Pablo B.

; Casco, Enrique A.

; Marin, Elio

; Godoy Adaro, Alfredo O.

; Gutierrez, Edgar E.

; Avero Gonzalez, Richard A.

; Acevedo Yoga, Joel

; Soria Adaro, José C.

; Terraza, Sergio

; Belloni Barreto, Alex

Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología

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2023, Volume 88 Nº 2 Páginas 138 - 147

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Introduction: Spinal injuries are common among young adult men. Recognizing kinematics can help reduce the number of late diagnoses, especially if there are consciousness disorders. Vertebral fractures can be single or multiple, and they are often associated with extravertebral injuries. Objectives: To examine the distribution of the lesion based on the mechanism of production, to characterize the neurological condition, to evaluate the lesion pattern and its relationship with extravertebral lesions, and to analyze the treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective study of patients admitted with post-trauma vertebral injuries between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2020. Age, gender, kinematics, neurological condition, affected sector, pattern of injury, and associated extravertebral injuries were all examined. Results: There were 281 patients (60% men) evaluated, with 400 vertebral and 118 extravertebral lesions. The causes were as follows: polytrauma in 62 cases, falls from great heights in 147 patients, and traffic accidents in 98. ASIA E was the most frequently observed neurological picture (8 cases), which was not determined at admission. The T2-L5 sector was the most affected, mostly by compression injuries. Head and chest trauma were the most common extravertebral injuries; there was one case of SCIWORA and one early death. Conclusions: The most commonly affected spinal sectors were thoracolumbar, thoracic, and lumbar; the injuries are typically caused by falls from great heights and, in general, are isolated, with no neurological injuries. The treatment is determined by the stability and neurological condition.

Resumen Introducción: Las lesiones raquídeas son frecuentes en hombres adultos jóvenes. Reconocer la cinemática ayuda a disminuir la tasa de diagnósticos tardíos, principalmente si hay trastornos de la conciencia. Las fracturas vertebrales pueden ser únicas o múltiples, y asociarse con lesiones extravertebrales. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la distribución de la lesión según el mecanismo de producción, caracterizar el cuadro neurológico, evaluar el patrón de lesión y la asociación con lesiones extravertebrales, y analizar el tratamiento. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo de pacientes con lesiones vertebrales postrauma, que ingresaron entre el 1 de julio de 2018 y el 30 de junio de 2020. Se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: edad, sexo, cinemática, cuadro neurológico, sector afectado, patrón de lesión, lesiones extravertebrales asociadas. Resultados: Se evaluó a 281 pacientes (60% hombres) con 400 lesiones vertebrales y 118 extravertebrales que, en 62 casos, conformaban un cuadro de politraumatismo; 147 con trauma por caída de altura y 98, por accidente de tránsito. El cuadro neurológico más observado fue ASIA E (8 casos), no determinado al ingreso. El sector T2-L5 fue el más afectado, en su mayoría, por lesiones por compresión. Las lesiones extravertebrales más frecuentes fueron el trauma de cráneo y de tórax; hubo un caso de SCIWORA y un óbito temprano. Conclusiones: Los sectores raquídeos más afectados fueron: el toracolumbar, el torácico y el lumbar; las lesiones suelen deberse a caídas de altura y suelen ser únicas, sin cuadro neurológico. El tratamiento se decide según la estabilidad y el cuadro neurológico.

https://doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2023.88.2.1510

Malnutrition in mother-child dyads in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)
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Farias, Dayana Rodrigues

; Anjos, Luiz Antonio dos

; Freitas, Maiara Brusco de

; Berti, Talita Lelis

; Andrade, Pedro Gomes

; Alves-Santos, Nadya Helena

; Leite, Maria Alvim

; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo

; Lacerda, Elisa Maria de Aquino

; Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira

; Castro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de

; Kac, Gilberto

; Vertulli Carneiro, Letícia B.

; Bertoni, Neilane

; Normando, Paula

; Machado Schincaglia, Raquel

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 Supl. 2 elocation e00085622

Resumo: En Es Pt | Texto: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen085622

Species composition, diversity and coverage pattern of associated communities of mosses-lichens along a pedoenvironmental gradient in Maritime Antarctica
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SCHMITZ, DANIELA

; VILLA, PEDRO MANUEL

; MICHEL, ROBERTO F.M.

; PUTZKE, JAIR

; PEREIRA, ANTÔNIO B.

; SCHAEFER, CARLOS ERNESTO G.R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Supl. 1 elocation e20200094

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Maritime Antarctica is one of the major terrestrial ecosystems dominated by lichens and mosses, which represent important ecological indicators. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the changes in associated communities of mosses-lichens diversity and coverage along a pedoenvironmental gradient on Half Moon Island, Maritime Antarctica. We focused on how patterns in associated communities of mosses-lichens species diversity (richness, species composition and beta diversity) and coverage are associated with soil properties using plant inventory data from 174 plots across 14 contrasting pedoenvironments. The results clearly show marked differences in soil properties along the pedoenvironmental gradient, which determine variations in species composition, richness and coverage. We presumed that these variations are common in Maritime Antarctica owing to varying periglacial processes, weathering degree, parent material and biological influence (especially by penguins and other birds). The community species richness and coverage along the pedoenvironmental gradient differ, nevertheless share common species present in most pedoenvironments, despite differences in coverage. We assume that most of the pedoenvironments are habitats to rare species that occur only under specific soil conditions, additionally promotes high β-diversity between pedoenvironments and low species similarity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200094 10 downloads

The diversity and structure of plant communities in the maritime Antarctic is shaped by southern giant petrel’s (Macronectes giganteus) breeding activities
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PUTZKE, JAIR

; SCHAEFER, CARLOS ERNESTO G.R.

; VILLA, PEDRO M.

; PEREIRA, ANTONIO B.

; SCHUNEMANN, ADRIANO L.

; PUTZKE, MARISA T.L.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Supl. 1 elocation e20210597

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) are found in the Antarctic. They build their nests with rock fragments, disturbing large areas during incubation and chick feeding periods; however, their impact on vegetation is unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Petrel nests and associated breeding activities on the diversity and structure of cryptogam communities of Stinker Point, Elephant Island. We selected 13 nests in February and March 2012 and continue the monitoring in 2018. The area of direct influence of breeding activities was photographed to calculate plant community coverage. The results demonstrated that species richness, community coverage and composition, and beta diversity showed significant differences between active and inactive nests. The linear mixed-effect models revealed that the positive effect of nest area mainly caused variation in community coverage, but had a negative effect on beta diversity. Sphaerophorus globosus (lichen) grew around the inactive nests, sometimes forming a ring up to 1 m in diameter. This ring was then surrounded by the Chorisodontium acyphyllum moss colonized by S. globosus, and a final ring of Sanionia uncinata, colonized by the same lichen. Recently constructed nests are generally surrounded by Prasiola crispa and Sanionia uncinata carpets.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210597

The 2019 northeast Brazil oil spill: scenarios
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NOBRE, PAULO

; LEMOS, ANGELO T.

; GIAROLLA, EMANUEL

; CAMAYO, ROSIO

; NAMIKAWA, LAERCIO

; KAMPEL, MILTON

; RUDORFF, NATÁLIA

; BEZERRA, DIEGO X.

; LORENZZETTI, JOÃO

; GOMES, JORGE

; SILVA JR, MANOEL B. DA

; LAGE, CARLA P.M.

; PAES, RAFAEL L.

; BEISL, CARLOS

; LOBÃO, MÁRCIO M.

; BIGNELLI, PEDRO A.

; MOURA, NAJLA DE

; GALVÃO, WOUGRAN S.

; POLITO, PAULO S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20210391

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract During the last quarter of 2019, the beaches, mangroves, and estuaries of Northeast Brazil received an unprecedented volume of crude oil from the sea, which became the worst environmental disaster ever to reach the Brazilian coast. The oil, having reached the shores completely unnoticed, left both society and government agents completely clueless on (i) where the oil was coming from; (ii) how much oil was still in the ocean to reach the shorelines; and (iii) which beaches were going to be affected next! By exploring remote sensing data and ocean numerical modeling, along with oil dispersion chemistry on sea water, this study investigates the possible origin and path of the spill and whether it could have been detected from space. The oil dispersion modeling simulations performed for this investigation revealed a possible region and timing of the oil spill, also indicating the likelihood of it being advected toward the shoreline under the ocean surface.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210391

COVID-19 in the Perioperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery: the Brazilian Experience
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Gomes, Walter J.

; Rocco, Isadora

; Pimentel, Wallace S.

; Pinheiro, Aislan H. B.

; Souza, Paulo M. S.

; Costa, Luiz A. A.

; Teixeira, Marjory M. P.

; Ohashi, Leonardo P.

; Bublitz, Caroline

; Begot, Isis

; Moreira, Rita Simone L

; Hossne Jr, Nelson A.

; Vargas, Guilherme F.

; Branco, João Nelson R.

; Teles, Carlos A.

; Medeiros, Eduardo A. S.

; Sáfadi, Camila

; Rampinelli, Amândio

; Moratelli Neto, Leopoldo

; Rosado, Anderson Rosa

; Mesacasa, Franciele Kuhn

; Capriata, Ismael Escobar

; Segalote, Rodrigo Coelho

; Palmieri, Deborah Louize da Rocha Vianna

; Jardim, Amanda Cristina Mendes

; Vianna, Diego Sarty

; Coutinho, Joaquim Henrique de Souza Aguiar

; Jazbik, João Carlos

; Coutinho, Henrique Madureira da Rocha

; Kikuta, Gustavo

; Almeida, Zely Sant'Anna Marotti de

; Feguri, Gibran Roder

; Lima, Paulo Ruiz Lucio de

; Franco, Anna Carolina

; Borges, Danilo de Cerqueira

; Cruz, Felipe Ramos Honorato De La

; Croti, Ulisses Alexandre

; Borim, Bruna Cury

; Marchi, Carlos Henrique De

; Goraieb, Lilian

; Postigo, Karolyne Barroca Sanches

; Jucá, Fabiano Gonçalves

; Oliveira, Fátima Rosane de Almeida

; Souza, Rafael Bezerra de

; Zilli, Alexandre Cabral

; Mas, Raul Gaston Sanchez

; Bettiati Junior, Luiz Carlos

; Tranchesi, Ricardo

; Bertini Jr, Ayrton

; Franco, Leandro Vieira

; Fernandes, Priscila

; Oliveira, Fabiana

; Moraes Jr, Roberto

; Araújo, Thiago Cavalcanti Vila Nova de

; Braga, Otávio Penna

; Pedrosa Sobrinho, Antônio Cavalcanti

; Teixeira, Roberta Tavares Barreto

; Camboim, Irla Lavor Lucena

; Gomes, Eduardo Nascimento

; Reis, Pedro Horigushi

; Garcia, Luara Piovan

; Scorsioni, Nelson Henrique Goes

; Lago, Roberto

; Guizilini, Solange

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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Dez 2021, Volume 36 Nº 6 Páginas 725 - 735

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0960

Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review
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Godeiro, Clecio

; França, Carina

; Carra, Rafael Bernhart

; Saba, Felipe

; Saba, Roberta

; Maia, Débora

; Brandão, Pedro

; Allam, Nasser

; Rieder, Carlos R. M.

; Freitas, Fernando Cini

; Capato, Tamine

; Spitz, Mariana

; Faria, Danilo Donizete de

; Cordellini, Marcela

; Veiga, Beatriz A. A. G.

; Rocha, Maria Sheila G.

; Maciel, Ricardo

; Melo, Lucio B. De

; Möller, Patricia D. S.

; R. R. Júnior, Magno

; Fornari, Luís H. T.

; Mantese, Carlos E.

; Barbosa, Egberto Reis

; Munhoz, Renato P.

; Coletta, Marcus Vinicius Della

; Cury, Rubens Gisbert

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Jul 2021, Volume 79 Nº 7 Páginas 630 - 646

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução: A estimulação não-invasiva tem sido amplamente utilizada nos últimos 30 anos no estudo e no tratamento de um grande número de doenças neurológicas, incluindo distúrbios do movimento. Objetivos: Nesta revisão crítica, discutimos o embasamento científico do uso da estimulação não-invasiva em distúrbios do movimento e as evidências científicas dos principais ensaios clínicos realizados. Métodos: Um grupo de especialistas realizou uma revisão crítica abrangente da literatura a fim de analisar as principais aplicações da estimulação magnética transcraniana (EMT) e da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) em distúrbios do movimento. As classes de evidência e de recomendação foram descritas para cada doença. Resultados: Apesar da grande variabilidade da metodologia e baixo efeito clínico, a EMT é provavelmente eficaz para o tratamento dos sintomas motores e da depressão na doença de Parkinson. A eficácia em outros distúrbios do movimento ainda é incerta. A EMT é possivelmente eficaz para o tratamento da distonia focal da mão, do tremor essencial e da ataxia cerebelar. No entanto, é provavelmente ineficaz na redução dos tiques na síndrome de Tourette. Finalmente, a ETCC é provavelmente eficaz na melhora da marcha na doença de Parkinson. Conclusões: As evidências até o momento sugerem que a estimulação não-invasiva pode ser benéfica para o alívio de alguns sintomas em determinados distúrbios do movimento como a doença de Parkinson, o tremor essencial, a distonia e a ataxia. Os protocolos de aplicação e paradigmas de estimulação ainda precisam ser investigados em ensaios clínicos maiores, assim como os seus efeitos a longo prazo.

Abstract Background: Noninvasive stimulation has been widely used in the past 30 years to study and treat a large number of neurological diseases, including movement disorders. Objective: In this critical review, we illustrate the rationale for use of these techniques in movement disorders and summarize the best medical evidence based on the main clinical trials performed to date. Methods: A nationally representative group of experts performed a comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze the key clinical decision-making factors driving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in movement disorders. Classes of evidence and recommendations were described for each disease. Results: Despite unavoidable heterogeneities and low effect size, TMS is likely to be effective for treating motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The efficacy in other movement disorders is unclear. TMS is possibly effective for focal hand dystonia, essential tremor and cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, it is likely to be ineffective in reducing tics in Tourette syndrome. Lastly, tDCS is likely to be effective in improving gait in PD. Conclusions: There is encouraging evidence for the use of noninvasive stimulation on a subset of symptoms in selected movement disorders, although the means to optimize protocols for improving positive outcomes in routine clinical practice remain undetermined. Similarly, the best stimulation paradigms and responder profile need to be investigated in large clinical trials with established therapeutic and assessment paradigms that could also allow genuine long-term benefits to be determined.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0381 427 downloads

10.

Sombras de buracos negros: desvendando a física por detrás da imagem de M87
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Lima Junior, Haroldo C. D.

; Cunha, Pedro V. P. da

; Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.

; Crispino, Luís C. B.

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

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2021, Volume 43 elocation e20200232

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste artigo analisamos as sombras de buracos negros girantes de Kerr e a sua ligação com a primeira imagem de um buraco negro obtida pela colaboração internacional Telescópio Horizonte de Eventos. Obtemos analiticamente a sombra do buraco negro girante de Kerr a partir da forma das órbitas esféricas de fótons. Também utilizamos o método numérico denominado de tracejamento inverso de raios para gerar imagens que ilustram a percepção visual de um observador na presença de um buraco negro girante com e sem um disco de acreção.

In this article we analyze the shadows of spinning Kerr black holes and their connection with the first image of a black hole obtained by the international collaboration Event Horizon Telescope. We obtain analytically the shadow of a rotating black hole from the spherical photon orbits. We also use the method known as backwards ray-tracing to illustrate the visual perception of an observer in the presence of a spinning black hole with and without an accretion disk.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2020-0232 1580 downloads

11.

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fatty Acid Amides Prepared from Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil Nut) Triglycerides
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Barata, Pedro H. S.

; Sarquis, Ícaro R.

; Carvalho, Helison O.

; Barros, Albenise S.

; Rodrigues, Alex B.

; Galue-Parra, Adan J.

; Silva, Edilene O.

; Carvalho, José Carlos T.

; Ferreira, Irlon M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Ago 2020, Volume 31 Nº 8 Páginas 1557 - 1565

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

This study reports the synthesis of fatty acid amides (FAA), analogous to anandamide, prepared from Brazil nut oil (BNO), using Amano lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens as a catalyst of direct aminolysis, with a good yield (95-68%). The anti-inflammatory effects of BNO and FAA were evaluated by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Analysis of the formation of edema showed that these FAA, at all dose used, significantly reduced the development of edema.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200041 312 downloads

12.

Infarto do Miocárdio Inferior Evoluído com Pseudoaneurisma do Ventrículo Esquerdo: Um Dilema Diagnóstico
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Coelho, Sónia Gomes

; Jorge, Clara F.

; Carlos, Pedro B.

; Delgado, Anne

; Vicente, Leopoldina

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Abr 2020, Volume 114 Nº 4 Páginas 730 - 731

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200029 600 downloads

13.

Consenso Mexicano de Mieloma Múltiple
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Peña-Celaya, José A. de la

; Aguilar-Luevano, Jocelyn

; Alcivar-Cedeño, Luisa María

; Álvarez-Vera, José L.

; Anaya-Cuellar, Irene

; Añorve-Hernández, Erika

; Arana-Luna, Luara L.

; Arteaga-Ortíz, Luis

; Báez-Islas, Pamela E.

; Banda-García, Luisa I.

; Bates-Martín, Ramón A.

; Campa-Monroy, Dafne Itzel

; Cardiel-Silva, Mariela

; Castillo-Salas, Ángel de Jesús

; Cota-Rangel, Xóchitl

; Díaz-Vargas, Guillermo

; Espitia-Ríos, M. Eugenia

; Estrada-Domínguez, Patricia

; Fermín-Caminero, Denisse

; García-Camacho, Alinka

; García-Castillo, Carolina

; Garzón-Velásquez, Katheryn B.

; Gil-Rondero, Carlos

; Hernández-Colín, Ana K.

; Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar

; Hernández-Alcántara, Areli E.

; Hernández-Cervantes, Silvia A.

; Herrera-Olivares, Wilfrido

; Ignacio-Ibarra, Gregorio

; Inclán-Alarcón, Sergio I.

; Leyto-Cruz, Faustino

; Macías-Flores, Juan P.

; Martínez-de la Vega, Andrea

; Martínez-Ramírez, Mario A.

; Martínez-Coronel, Jorge

; Medina-Coral, Jesús E.

; Meza-Dávalos, Lizeth

; Montoya-Jiménez, Leire

; Morales-Hernández, Alba

; Morales-López, Elizabeth

; Morales-Adrián, Javier de Jesús

; Morales-de Azcué, Maricruz

; Mújica-Martínez, Aldo

; Murillo-Cruz, Juan L.

; Nájera-Martínez, Jéssica

; Narváez-Sarmiento, Iris M.

; Nava-Villegas, Lorena

; Nava-Alpide, Marco A.

; Orellana-Garibay, Juan J.

; Palafox-Zaldívar, María Teresa

; Palma-Moreno, Orlando G.

; Paredes-Lozano, Eugenia P.

; Pedraza-Colín, María Luisa

; Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M.

; Pérez-Lizardi, Alejandra B.

; Rojas-Castillejos, Flavio

; Romero-Martínez, Eduardo

; Romero-Rodelo, Hilda

; Ruiz-Contreras, Josué

; Saavedra-González, Azucena

; Saucedo-Montes, Erick

; Silva-Michel, Luis G.

; Silva-Vera, Karina

; Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar

; Tepepa-Flores, Fredy

; Ventura-Enríquez, Yanet

; Villela-Peña, Atenas

; Vilchis-González, Shendel P.

; Zapata-Canto, Nidia

; Zárate-Rodríguez, Pedro A.

; Alvarado-Ibarra, Martha

Gaceta médica de México

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2020, Volume 156 Supl. 2 Páginas 1 - 49

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract To identify this increasingly common pathology, known as Multiple Myeloma, it is necessary to refer to the specific factors that characterize it; to this end, the classic criteria known as CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and lytic lesions) are available, in which renal failure is one of the most frequent complications. Recently, 3 indisputable biomarkers have been described for the diagnostic support for Multiple Myeloma, which are: more than 10% of clonal plasma cells in BM or, a biopsy that corroborates the presence of a plasmacytoma, light chain ratio ≥100 mg/dL and more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A differential diagnosis for plasma cell leukemia, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma should always be considered. Being this an incurable disease, a lot of research has been done regarding its therapeutic management, whose main objective is the disappearance of plasma cells and the patient clinical improvement. Melphalan was the first drug that showed a benefit in 1958 and afterwards, with the addition of a steroid as a second drug, it was possible to improve response rates. Subsequently, different molecules were studied, forming multiple combinations, and achieving better rates of Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival. Years later, with the arrival of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, and immunomodulators such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, an important turnaround in the disease has been seen, as deeper responses, more prolonged remissions, and improvement in the quality of life of patients have been achieved. This consensus has the purpose of integrating a group of Mexican specialists and promoting the updating of this pathology.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m20000392 223 downloads

14.

New epidemiological profile of schistosomiasis from an area of low prevalence in Brazil
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Santos, Israel Gomes de Amorim

; Bezerra, Letícia Pereira

; Cirilo, Tatyane Martins

; Silva, Laryssa Oliveira

; Machado, João Paulo Vieira

; Lima, Pedro Dantas

; Bispo, Martha Rejane Souza

; Gomes, Sheilla da Conceição

; Silva, Glória Isabel Lisboa da

; Alencar, Vitória Jordana Bezerra

; Damasceno, Ivisson Abreu

; Carvalho, Mikaelly Maria Vieira de

; Gomes, Dharliton Soares

; Ramos, Rosália Elen Santos

; Santos Júnior, Edmilson Genuíno

; Alves, Luiz Carlos

; Brayner, Fábio André

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200335

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis, caused by infection from Schistosoma mansoni, is a disease that represents an important public health problem for Brazil, especially for states in the Northeast region. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a new epidemiological profile for the disease in a municipality with low prevalence in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a coproparasitological and malacological survey. A structured questionnaire was applied to the study participants to survey possible risk factors and a spatial analysis (kernel density) was used to measure the risk of infection. RESULTS: Of the 347 participants, 106 (30.5%) were infected by Schistosoma mansoni, most of them from the urban area of the municipality (68.9%; 73/106). A 3-fold risk of infection was found for individuals living in the urban area and a risk of 2.15 times for self-declared farmers. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were the species found in the municipality, but no animals were diagnosed as infected by the parasite. Spatial analysis showed a random distribution of vectors and human cases of the disease, and the formation of two clusters of human cases in the urban area was seen. CONCLUSIONS: A new epidemiological profile for schistosomiasis from S. mansoni infection was presented in a municipality of low endemicity: a high proportion of positive individuals in the urban area; presence of snails without positive diagnosis for S. mansoni infection; random distribution of vectors and human cases; and absence of association between classical risk factors and human infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0335-2020 501 downloads

15.

Evaluation of OFDM Channel Sounding Techniques with Three Modulation Sequences
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Silva, Marcelo Molina

; Mello, Luiz da Silva

; Ron, Carlos V. Rodríguez

; Almeida, M. P. C.

; Tacuri, Alexander B. Hilario

; Castellanos, Pedro Gonzalez

; Gonsioroski, L. H.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Dez 2019, Volume 18 Nº 4 Páginas 505 - 529

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of multicarrier channel sounding techniques using different random and pseudo-random sequences to modulate the OFDM sounding signal. The Random (Rand), Pseudo-Noise (PN) and Zadoff-Chu (ZC) were tested, both in laboratory simulations and in field measurements. For the laboratory simulations Matlab routines were used to generate OFDM signals modulated with each of the three sounding signals, that were then convoluted with a synthesized transfer function of a test channel with six multipath components and added Gaussian noise and Doppler fading. The resulting signals are then correlated with a copy of the original signal to provide the multipath power delay profiles. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the relationship between peak power and mean power (PAPR) were used as metrics for the comparison between the test transfer function and the simulation detected multipath delay profiles, showing slight advantages of the ZC sequence. The three sequences were then used in field measurements to characterize an urban channel at 700 MHz. In the field measurements, the ZC sequence showed the lowest detection threshold, allowing for the detection of a larger number of multipath components.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742019v18i41704 953 downloads

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