Abstract The success of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus infection in fish involves a complexity of variables. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between abundance of P. (S.) inopinatus with biometric and somatic parameters, sex, relative condition factor (Kn) and hosts diet, as well as to evaluate length relationship of the parasites and the hosts. The fishes were collected by the mesh method and data, length, weight, sex, gonad and liver weight, Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), Kn and stomach content were recorded. Twenty-seven specimens of P. (S.) inopinatus were collected in the intestine from Serrasalmus rhombeus and 52 from Leporinus friderici. In general, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of infection was higher in L. friderici. The total abundance was explained by the variables GSI, HSI total length, gonad and liver weight. Fish relative condition factor (kn) and sex were not influenced by the infection, being that the parasite infection did not impair the body condition of the hosts. There is no relationship between host length and parasite length in any of the evaluated fish species. On average, S. rhombeus parasites are 0.69 cm larger than L. friderici parasites.

Resumo Vários estudos enfatizam o uso de pelotas de coruja em inventários de pequenos mamíferos em áreas naturais com elevada riqueza de espécies raras, mas poucas localidades da Mata Atlântica brasileira têm sido inventariadas por esse método. O presente estudo documenta a composição de espécies e abundância de pequenos mamíferos na dieta de Tyto furcata em uma área urbana do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, discutindo a relevância de um novo registro de um raro marsupial do gênero Cryptonanus na Mata Atlântica. Foram analisadas 265 pelotas regurgitadas por um casal de T. furcata entre novembro de 2016 e setembro de 2017, encontradas abaixo de uma caixa de nidificação. A análise das amostras permitiu encontrar o total de 596 indivíduos de quatro espécies pequenas de mamíferos. O roedor exótico Mus musculus foi predominante entre os itens alimentares (98,3%), enquanto os roedores nativos Necromys lasiurus (1,3%) e Holochilus brasiliensis (0,17%) foram bem mais raros. Um único espécime de Cryptonanus sp. foi identificado entre os itens com base em caracteres dentários. A identificação desse gênero no presente estudo representa o segundo registro no estado do Rio de Janeiro e o sexto no bioma Mata Atlântica, sugerindo que este marsupial ocupa uma ampla faixa ecológica e biogeográfica. O presente estudo destaca a relevância dos pellets de coruja para pesquisas com pequenos mamíferos, mesmo em áreas urbanas e altamente perturbadas.

Abstract Several studies emphasize the use of owl pellets in small mammal inventories in natural areas harboring high richness of rare species, but few Brazilian Atlantic forest localities have been surveyed by this method. The present study documents the species composition and abundance of small mammals in the diet of Tyto furcata in an urban area of the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, remarking on a new record of the dwarf mouse opossum genus Cryptonanus in the Atlantic forest. We analyzed 265 pellets regurgitated by a pair of T. furcata from November 2016 to September 2017 found in a nesting box. Analysis of the samples enabled finding a total of 596 individuals of four small mammal species. Mus musculus was predominant among the prey items (98.3%), while the native rodents Necromys lasiurus (1.3%) and Holochilus brasiliensis (0,17%) were much rarer. A single specimen of Cryptonanus sp. was identified among the diet items based on distinctive dental characters. The identification of this genus in the present study represents the second record in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the sixth in the Atlantic Forest biome, suggesting that this marsupial occupies a wider ecological and biogeographic range. The present study underscores the relevance of owl pellets for small mammal surveys, even in urban and highly disturbed areas.

This work aimed to infer about the scientific progress of the use of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry for evaluations of water quality. The research started in the 60s, when the imminence of obtaining characteristics of the UV-Vis spectrum that estimated the water quality. From a temporal perspective, the 1990s began using first order multivariate calibration models, focus of this work, to predict water quality parameters utilizing the UV-Vis spectra. During the period evaluated, numerous studies used spectrophotometry to quantify analytes using univariate calibration. However, many works also report the fact that the determined substances absorb at the same wavelengths and describe how to resolve these interferences. But gaps such as low concentration determinations are still a bottleneck as the best results, for example, are related to high amounts of organic matter, fact also related to instrumental aspects. One of the gains was the introduction of chemometric approaches which allows quantification without the need of analytical curve construction during the prediction step. However, although they are already used techniques, the survey carried out here verified the applications are considered incipient, where, for example, dissolved organic carbon and nitrate predictions using first order multivariate calibration represent less than 30% of the determinations.

Resumen Se colectaron plantas de chile con síntomas virales en la Península de Yucatán, México (YPM), con el objetivo de caracterizar la identidad parcial y las relaciones genéticas y filogenéticas de los begomovirus que infectan diferentes especies de chile, que incluyen Capsicum chinense, variedades locales de C. annuum, C. frutescens y C. annuum var. aviculare, así como algunas especies de maleza. Las muestras de hoja fueron colectadas durante dos temporadas de infestación severa de mosquita blanca. El ADN genómico de las plantas se extrajo y un fragmento de los begomovirus se amplificó utilizando cebadores universales. Los amplicones fueron secuenciados y utilizados para análisis genéticos y filogenéticos. Los resultados demostraron que el 90.1% de las plantas colectadas (151) estuvieron infectadas por begomovirus. Los datos mostraron que el Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) es el virus más frecuente en las plantas cultivadas, semicultivadas y silvestres que se analizaron en este trabajo. Además, las secuencias analizadas indicaron la presencia del Euphorbia mosaic virus-Yucatán Peninsula (EuMV-YP) en plantas de chile habanero, así como la predominancia del PepGMV en diferentes especies de maleza. La variación genética de las secuencias del fragmento del componente A de los begomovirus, mostró que los aislados del PepGMV analizados están estrechamente relacionados entre ellos y comparten un 95-99% de identidad. Los datos mostraron que los begomovirus que infectan a las plantas colectadas incluyen a las especies parcialmente identificadas como PepGMV, Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV), Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and EuMV-YP.

Abstract Pepper plants with viral symptoms were collected in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (YPM) with the objective to characterize the partial identity and the genetic and phylogenetic relationship of the begomoviruses infecting different pepper species, including Capsicum chinense, various C. annuum landraces, C. frutescens, C. a. var. aviculare, as well as some weeds. The leaf samples were collected during two severe whitefly infestation seasons. Total genomic DNA from the sampled plants was extracted and a fragment of the begomoviruses was amplified using universal primers. Amplicons obtained were sequenced and sequences were used for genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Our results demonstrate that 90.1 % of the total sampled plants (151) were infected with begomoviruses. The data identified Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) as the most frequent species found within cultivated, semi-cultivated, and wild-analyzed samples. In addition, sequence analysis indicates the presence of Euphorbia mosaic virus-Yucatán Peninsula (EuMV-YP) infecting a Habanero chili plant, as well as the predominance of PepGMV in different weed plant species. Genetic variation based on nucleotide distance analysis from partial DNA-A begomovirus sequences indicated that the PepGMV isolates were closely related among them sharing 95 to 99% nucleotide sequence identity. Data showed that begomovirus that infected the sampled plants included the partially identified species of PepGMV, Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV), Tomato severe leaf curl virus (ToSLCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and EuMV-YP.

Resumo O bioma Cerrado brasileiro apresenta em uma grande variedade de espécies endêmicas com diversos compostos bioativos, e Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg é uma espécie promissora. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica e avaliar as atividades antioxidantes e antibacterianas contra Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli do extrato hidroetanólico de cascas do caule de A. peregrina. As cascas foram coletadas no Jardim Botânico de Goiânia, Brasil. O extrato hidroetanólico foi obtido por percolação e submetido a triagem físico-química, estimativa de conteúdo fenólico total, impressão digital por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e determinação da atividade antioxidante (valores de IC50 foram calculados para o ensaio 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil) e antibacteriana. O pH do extrato foi de 5,21 e a densidade foi de 0,956 g/cm3. A triagem fitoquímica indicou a presença de glicosídeos cardíacos, ácidos orgânicos, açúcares redutores, saponinas hemolíticas, fenóis, cumarinas, taninos condensados, flavonóides, catequinas, depsídios e depsidonas derivados de benzoquinonas. O extrato mostrou intensa atividade hemolítica. O conteúdo fenólico total foi de 6,40 g de GAE 100 g-1. A análise por impressão digital por HPLC revelou a presença de ácido gálico, catequina e epicatequina. Confirmamos a atividade antioxidante do extrato. Além disso, o extrato não inibiu o crescimento de colônias de E. coli em nenhum volume testado, mas houve halos em torno das colônias de S. aureus nos três volumes testados. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da composição química da casca de A. peregrina e apoia ainda mais as aplicações medicinais desta espécie.

Abstract The Brazilian Cerrado biome consists of a great variety of endemic species with several bioactive compounds, and Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg is a promising species. In this study, we aimed to perform phytochemical characterization and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the hydroethanolic extract of A. peregrina stem bark. The barks were collected in the Botanical Garden of Goiânia, Brazil. The hydroethanolic extract was obtained by percolation and subjected to physicochemical screening, total phenolic content estimation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting, and antioxidant (IC50 values were calculated for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay - DPPH) and antibacterial activity determination. The pH of the extract was 5.21 and density was 0.956 g/cm3. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, organic acids, reducing sugars, hemolytic saponins, phenols, coumarins, condensed tannins, flavonoids, catechins, depsides, and depsidones derived from benzoquinones. The extract showed intense hemolytic activity. The total phenolic content was 6.40 g GAE 100 g-1. The HPLC fingerprinting analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin. We confirmed the antioxidant activity of the extract. Furthermore, the extract did not inhibit the growth of E. coli colonies at any volume tested, but there were halos around S. aureus colonies at all three volumes tested. These results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical composition of A. peregrina stem bark and further support the medicinal applications of this species.

Abstract Leiomyossarcomas of the vagina are extremely rare and may arise years after pelvic radiation therapy. Information about clinical and imaging findings, as well as ideal treatment strategies for these potentially aggressive malignancies are lacking. We report a case of a leiomyosarcoma of the vagina in a 65-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with vaginal bleeding and a palpable hard mass, 11 years after postoperative pelvic radiation therapy for an endometrial cancer. Despite surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, she passed away soon after, endorsing the reserved prognosis of these malignancies.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present to the community the achievements attained and the challenges, met, current and coming, during the first ten years of existence of the Alconpat Journal. A narration is made of: how the idea of having a scientific/technical journal in Alconpat International arose; when, how and where the discussions and the project took place; the implementation, the first issue, the punctuality; the requirements and challenges to meet for the first indexations (Scielo México, Scielo WoS, Redalyc, Latindex, Google); the Conacyt projects that made it possible to gradually meet the requirements for eventual applications at higher indexes (Scopus and WoS), repositories, directories (DOAJ) and super servers; electronic markings, publication in three languages (Spanish, Portuguese and English), administrative times for timely publication, etc. The efforts of all those who have collaborated in these initial 10 years are also acknowledged.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar a la comunidad los logros y retos por venir de la Revista Alconpat en sus primeros diez años de existencia. Se realiza una narración de: cómo surgió la idea de tener una revista científico/técnica en Alconpat Internacional; cuando, como y donde se llevaron a cabo las discusiones y el proyecto; la implementación, el primer número, la puntualidad; los requisitos y retos a cumplir para las primeras indizaciones (Scielo México, Scielo WoS, Redalyc, Latindex, Google); los proyectos CONACyT que permitieron cumplir poco a poco los requisitos para eventuales aplicaciones a índices superiores (Scopus y WoS), repositorios, directorios (DOAJ) y super servidores; marcaciones electrónicas, publicación en tres idiomas (español, portugués e inglés), los tiempos administrativos para publicación puntual, etc. Al final se hace un extenso agradecimiento a todos los que han intervenido en estos 10 años iniciales.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar à comunidade as conquistas e desafios da Revista Alconpat em seus primeiros dez anos de existência. Narra-se: como surgiu a ideia de uma revista científica / técnica na Alconpat Internacional; quando, como e onde as discussões e o projeto ocorreram; como foi a implementação, a primeira questão, a pontualidade; os requisitos e desafios a cumprir para as primeiras indexações (Scielo México, Scielo WoS, Redalyc, Latindex, Google); os projetos do CONACyT que possibilitaram atender gradativamente os requisitos para eventuais aplicações em índices superiores (Scopus e WoS), repositórios, diretórios (DOAJ) e super servidores; marcações eletrônicas, publicação em três idiomas (espanhol, português e inglês), tempos administrativos para publicação específica, etc. Ao final, um extenso agradecimento a todos aqueles que participaram desses primeiros 10 anos.

Abstract Capsicum spp. pepper has great economic and social importance in agribusiness worldwide, mainly associated with its high performance in cookery as a spice. This study aimed at determining the chemical profile of the ethanolic extract from Capsicum chinense Jacq. (EECC) ripe fruits by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and at evaluating its antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. Besides, biodegradable films were prepared by incorporating EECC into arrowroot biofilms. LC-MS identified 10 phenolic compounds, a fact that corroborates its high concentration of total phenolic compounds, i. e., 277.62 ± 12.06 mg gallic acid/100g crude extract. High antioxidant activity of EECC was expressed as IC50 values for reagents DPPH (IC50 = 18.04 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 25.33 µg/mL) and FRAP (IC50 = 128.58 µg/mL). Biodegradable films incorporating different doses of EECC (250-1000 µL) were obtained by a casting technique. The higher the EECC concentration, the higher their thickness, color, variable moisture content and the lower their solubility. This study proposes a new use to the plant extract from C. chinense, a natural product that may be applied to the development of biofilms to coat food and retard its deterioration. In addition, antioxidant activity of this type of pepper is also shown.

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by Schistosoma. Due to its complex life cycle, evolutionary position and sexual dimorphism, schistosomes have several mechanisms of gene regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mRNA transcripts. OBJECTIVES Here, we tested 12 miRNAs and identified their putative targets using a computational approach. METHODS We performed the expression profiles of a set of miRNAs and their putative targets during the parasite’s life cycle by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). FINDINGS Our results showed differential expression patterns of the mature miRNAs sma-miR-250; sma-miR-92a; sma-miR-new_4-3p; sma-miR-new_4-5p; sma-miR-new_5-5p; sma-miR-new_12-5p; sma-miR-new_13-3p and sma-miR-new_13-5p. Interestingly, many of the putative target genes are linked to oxidative phosphorylation and are up-regulated in adult-worms, which led us to suggest that miRNAs might play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes related to energetic metabolism inversion during parasite development. It is noteworthy that the expression of sma-miR-new_13-3p exhibited a negative correlation on SmNADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed putative miRNA genes related to important biological processes, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, proteasome regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, immune system evasion and transcriptional regulation.

ABSTRACT Icriobranchiocarcinus rodas Vega n. sp., is recorded from lower Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) Arroyo Grande Formation near the town of Rodas (Central Cuba). I. rodas Vega n. sp. represents additional evidence of paleobiogeographic affinities between Chiapas (SE Mexico) and Cuba, during the Late Cretaceous. The genus Icriobranchiocarcinus Vega, 2018 in Vega et al., 2018 was erected from the type species Icriobranchiocarcinus tzutzu Vega, 2018 from the lower Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation (Chiapas). I. rodas Vega, n. sp. preserves details of ventral morphology as well as more details of chelipeds not reported in I. tzutzu, adding to the morphology of the genus. Icriobranchiocarcinus belong to a family (Lythophylacidae Van Straelen, 1936) that became extinct worldwide during the K/Pg event.

RESUMEN Icriobranchiocarcinus rodas Vega n. sp., es reportada del Maastrichtiano inferior (Cretácico Superior) de la Formación Arroyo Grande, cerca del pueblo de Rodas (Cuba Central). Icriobranchiocarcinus rodas representa evidencia adicional acerca de las afinidades paleobiogeográficas entre Chiapas (SE México) y Cuba durante el Cretácico Tardío. El género Icriobranchiocarcinus Vega. 2018 en Vega et al., 2018, fue creado a partir de la especie tipo Icriobranchiocarcinus tzutzu Vega, 2018 del Maastrichtiano) inferior de la Formación Ocozocoautla. I. rodas Vega n. sp., preserva detalles de la morfología ventral, así como mayor detalle de los quelípedos, no reportados previamente en I. tzutzu , añadiendo características de la morfología del género. Icriobranchiocarcinus pertenece a una familia (Lythophylacidae Van Straelen, 1936) extinta durante el evento K/Pg event alrededor del mundo.

RESUMO Neste trabalho apresentamos simulações numéricas tridimensionais do escoamento bifásico (água-óleo) em meios porosos com o objetivo de analisar a influência das heterogeneidades nos campos de porosidade e permeabilidade e, principalmente, suas relações, sobre o fenômeno conhecido na literatura como dedos viscosos (viscous fingering). Para isso, são considerados cenários típicos de reservatórios heterogêneos submetidos à injeção de água (método de recuperação secundária). Os resultados mostram que as heterogeneidades da porosidade têm uma influência marcante no comportamento do fluxo quando a permeabilidade está intimamente relacionada à porosidade, por exemplo, pela relação Kozeny-Carman (KC). Esse tipo de relação positiva leva a uma maior recuperação de óleo, pois as áreas de alta permeabilidade (velocidades de fluxo mais altas) estão associadas a áreas de alta porosidade (maior volume de poros), causando um atraso no tempo de avanço (breakthrough time). Por outro lado, quando ambos os campos (porosidade e permeabilidade) são heterogêneos, mas independentes um do outro, a influência das heterogeneidades da porosidade é menor, podendo até ser desprezada nos resultados do avanço da frente.

ABSTRACT In this work, we present three-dimensional numerical simulations of water-oil flow in porous media in order to analyze the influence of the heterogeneities in the porosity and permeability fields and, mainly, their relationships upon the phenomenon known in the literature as viscous fingering. For this, typical scenarios of heterogeneous reservoirs submitted to water injection (secondary recovery method) are considered. The results show that the porosity heterogeneities have a markable influence in the flow behavior when the permeability is closely related with porosity, for example, by the Kozeny-Carman (KC) relation. This kind of positive relation leads to a larger oil recovery, as the areas of high permeability (higher flow velocities) are associated with areas of high porosity (higher volume of pores), causing a delay in the breakthrough time. On the other hand, when both fields (porosity and permeability) are heterogeneous but independent of each other the influence of the porosity heterogeneities is smaller and may be negligible.

RESUMO Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar a ultraestrutura do espermatozoide do jundiá amazônico e avaliar a sua criopreservação com três agentes crioprotetores (metanol 10%, DMSO 10% e etilenoglicol 10%) e duas soluções ativadoras (NaCl 0,29% e NaHCO3 1%). Como diluente, foi utilizada uma solução de glicose a 5%, sendo o sêmen envasado em palhetas de 0,25mL e congelado em vapor de nitrogênio (botijão dry shipper). No sêmen fresco, o espermatozoide apresentou comprimento de 25,46±2,54μm, cabeça esférica (1,51±0,18μm), ausência de acrossoma, peça intermediária com formato cônico (0,93±0,17μm), ligeiramente assimétrica, com presença de vesículas, e flagelo único (21,48±2,45μm). O sêmen descongelado apresentou valores mais altos (P<0,05) para duração, vigor e taxa de motilidade espermática com os crioprotetores metanol 10% e DMSO 10%. A duração da motilidade espermática foi maior (P<0,05) com o ativador NaHCO3 1% (21-96 s). O sêmen de Leiarius marmoratus criopreservado com DMSO e metanol apresentou, respectivamente, 7,32±4,21% e 8,94±6,69% de taxa de motilidade. No entanto, os resultados não foram satisfatórios para estabelecer um protocolo para a espécie.

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to describe the spermatozoon ultrastructure and to evaluate the sperm cryopreservation of the amazon catfish with three cryoprotectant agents (10% methanol, 10% DMSO, and 10% ethylene glycol) and two activator agents (0.29% NaCl and 1% NaHCO3). Glucose 5% extender was used as a diluent solution and sperm loaded in 0.25 straws was frozen in nitrogen vapor (dry shipper). Fresh spermatozoon was 25.46±2.54μm long, the head was spherical (1.51±0.18μm) with no acrosome, the midpiece was cone shaped (0.93±0.17μm) with presence of vesicles, slightly asymmetric, and the flagellum was single (21.48±2.45μm). Post-thawed semen presented higher values (P< 0.05) for duration, vigor and sperm motility rate with cryoprotectants 10% methanol and 10% DMSO. The duration of sperm motility was longer (P< 0,05) when triggered in 1% NaHCO3 (96-21 s). Leiarius marmoratus semen cryopreserved with DMSO and methanol, presented respectively 7.32±4.21% and 8.94±6.69% of motility. However, the results were not satisfactory to establish a protocol for the specie.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine the HIV care cascade among trans women and travestis in São Paulo – Brazil, the most populous city in South America. METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional study carried out between November 2016 and May 2017 in the city of São Paulo (Divas Research). Respondent driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 386 transgender women and travestis who participated in a HIV risk survey and were tested for HIV. The cascade was defined as HIV prevalence, HIV diagnosed, Antiretroviral (ART) Prescription, and currently on ART. A multiple analysis model was conducted to identify the association between sociodemographics and the cascade gaps. RESULTS: Of the trans women living with HIV, 80.9% were already diagnosed, 76.6% of them had been prescribed, of which 90.3% were currently on treatment. Those who were registered in care had a higher rate of ART (aPR 2.06; 95%CI 1.09-3.88). Trans women between 31-40 years old (aPR 1.65; 95%CI 1.09-2.50) and those older than 40 (aPR 1.59; 95%CI 1.04-2.43) had higher prevalence of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest an increase in the testing and treatment policy implementation among trans women in the city of São Paulo, although gaps have been found in the linkage to care. However, young trans women and those not registered in health care service may benefit from efforts to engage this part of the population in care to improve HIV treatment and care outcomes.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine the HIV care cascade among trans women and travestis in São Paulo – Brazil, the most populous city in South America. METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional study carried out between November 2016 and May 2017 in the city of São Paulo (Divas Research). Respondent driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 386 transgender women and travestis who participated in a HIV risk survey and were tested for HIV. The cascade was defined as HIV prevalence, HIV diagnosed, Antiretroviral (ART) Prescription, and currently on ART. A multiple analysis model was conducted to identify the association between sociodemographics and the cascade gaps. RESULTS: Of the trans women living with HIV, 80.9% were already diagnosed, 76.6% of them had been prescribed, of which 90.3% were currently on treatment. Those who were registered in care had a higher rate of ART (aPR 2.06; 95%CI 1.09-3.88). Trans women between 31-40 years old (aPR 1.65; 95%CI 1.09-2.50) and those older than 40 (aPR 1.59; 95%CI 1.04-2.43) had higher prevalence of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest an increase in the testing and treatment policy implementation among trans women in the city of São Paulo, although gaps have been found in the linkage to care. However, young trans women and those not registered in health care service may benefit from efforts to engage this part of the population in care to improve HIV treatment and care outcomes.

The neutrophil is an important cell in host defense against infections, acting as the first line of microorganism control. However, this cell exhibits dysregulated activity in sepsis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. This systematic review aimed to highlight the major scientific findings regarding neutrophil activity in sepsis reported in clinical and experimental research published in the last 10 years. The search was conducted in the Virtual Health Library of PAHO-WHO (BVS) and PubMed databases, and articles published between January 2007 and May 2017 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were eligible. Article selection was carried out independently by two reviewers (CB and IB). A total of 233 articles were found, of which 87 were identified on PubMed and 146 on BVS. Eighty-two articles were duplicates. Of the remaining 151 articles, 19 met the inclusion criteria after title, abstract, and full-text analysis. Overall, research in clinical samples and animal models of sepsis showed reduced capacity of neutrophils to migrate and delayed apoptosis, but there was no consensus on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in sepsis. Molecules, such as pentraxin 3 (PTX3), have been analyzed as potential diagnostic markers in sepsis but the diversity of soluble molecules detected in blood samples of sepsis patients did not enable further understanding of the correlation of these circulating molecules with neutrophil activity during sepsis. Optimal understanding of the function of neutrophils in sepsis remains a challenge that, if overcome, would eventually allow targeted therapeutic interventions in patients affected by this severe syndrome.