Abstract Emerging studies indicate the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Cognitive impairment has been observed in certain individuals for months following infection. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the specific cognitive domains that undergo alterations during the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the potential impact of disease severity on cognition. The aim of this review is to examine studies that have reported cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19, categorizing them into subacute and chronic phases. The methodology proposed by JBI was followed in this study. The included studies were published between December 2019 and December 2022. The search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS – BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo, and EBSCOHost. Data extraction included specific details about the population, concepts, context, and key findings or recommendations relevant to the review objectives. A total of 7,540 records were identified and examined, and 47 articles were included. The cognitive domains most frequently reported as altered 4 to 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 were language, episodic memory, and executive function, and after 12 weeks, the domains most affected were attention, episodic memory, and executive function. The results of this scoping review highlight that adults with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome may have impairment in specific cognitive domains.

Resumo Estudos emergentes indicam a persistência dos sintomas além da fase aguda da COVID-19. O comprometimento cognitivo foi observado em alguns indivíduos durante meses após a infecção. Atualmente, há pouco conhecimento sobre os domínios cognitivos específicos que sofrem alterações durante a síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 e o possível impacto da gravidade da doença na cognição. O objetivo desta revisão é examinar estudos que relataram comprometimento cognitivo na COVID-19 pós-aguda, categorizando-os em fases subaguda e crônica. A metodologia proposta pela Joanna Briggs Institute foi seguida neste estudo. Os estudos incluídos foram publicados entre dezembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2022. A busca foi realizada no PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS – BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo e EBSCOHost. A extração de dados incluiu detalhes específicos sobre a população, os conceitos, o contexto e as principais descobertas ou recomendações relevantes para os objetivos da revisão. Um total de 7.540 registros foi identificado e examinado, e 47 artigos foram incluídos. Os domínios cognitivos mais frequentemente relatados como alterados de 4 a 12 semanas após a COVID-19 aguda foram linguagem, memória episódica e função executiva e, após 12 semanas, os domínios mais afetados foram atenção, memória episódica e função executiva. Os resultados dessa revisão de escopo destacam que adultos com síndrome pós-aguda da COVID-19 podem apresentar comprometimento em domínios cognitivos específicos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced our unit to alternate in-person consultations with telephone consultations, without this increasing urgent visits. Therefore, it seemed necessary to know the patient's opinion regarding this matter. Objective: To assess the satisfaction of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis with the quality of care received through a mixed model of in-person and teleconsultations. Material and Method: PA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2021, using an anonymous telephone survey conducted by an independent interviewer. Inclusion criteria: aged over 18, receiving peritoneal dialysis, and giving their consent. Variables collected: age, sex, primary caregiver, provider (Baxter®/Fresenius®), hospital admission (Yes/No). Satisfaction questionnaire (9 questions): 2 open-ended, 1 semi-closed with a dichotomous response and free text, and 6 closed with Likert-type response from 0-10. Results: Of the 78 peritoneal dialysis patients, 71 participants were included. 59.1% (n=42) were men, with an average age of 66.1 years (23.33-91.23 years). The average score for healthcare received through the mixed model of visits was 9.5 ±1.13. Regarding aspects to improve in phone consultations, 61.2% (n=41) considered it unnecessary to assign a specific time, 11.2% (n=8) stated the need to receive changes in writing, 4.5% (n=3) requested an improvement in the request for laboratory analysis at the healthcare center, and none considered video calls necessary. Conclusions: The patient's satisfaction with our mixed model of visits seems to reflect a good quality of care, subject to improvement and individualization.

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 obligó a nuestra unidad a intercalar consultas presenciales con consultas telefónicas, sin que esto supusiera un aumento de las consultas urgentes; por ello, nos parecía necesario conocer la opinión del paciente al respecto. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes en tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal sobre la calidad de la atención recibida mediante un modelo mixto de visitas presenciales y telemáticas. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado entre febrero-marzo de 2021, mediante una encuesta telefónica anónima, realizada por un entrevistador independiente. Criterios inclusión: mayores de 18 años, en diálisis peritoneal y que dieron su consentimiento. Variables recogidas: edad, sexo, cuidador principal, proveedor (Baxter®/Fresenius®), ingreso hospitalario (Si/No). Cuestionario satisfacción (9 preguntas): 2 abiertas, 1 semicerrada con respuesta dicotómica y texto libre, y 6 cerradas con respuesta tipo Likert, del 0-10. Resultados: De los 78 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal obtuvimos 71 participantes. El 59, 1% (n=42) eran hombres, edad media de 66,1 años (23,33-91,23 años). La puntuación media sobre la atención asistencial, con el modelo mixto de visitas, fue de 9,5±1,13. En relación a los aspectos a mejorar en las consultas telefónicas, un 61,2% (n=41) consideraron que no es necesario asignar un horario, un 11,2% (n=8) manifestaron que es necesario recibir los cambios por escrito, un 4,5% (n=3) solicitaron mejorar la petición de analítica en el centro de salud y ninguno consideró necesaria la videollamada. Conclusiones: La satisfacción mostrada por los pacientes con nuestro modelo mixto de visitas parece que transmite una buena calidad asistencial, subsidiaria de mejoras e individualización.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Neurological diseases constitute a large proportion of medical emergencies (10%-15%). Knowledge of the distribution of the main neurological conditions both in the emergency room and in hospitalization is necessary. The real distribution of neurological disease treated in a tertiary university hospital in Boyacá can be characterized. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: 1203 patients with a mean age of 56.2 (± 21.2) years, most of them male, almost half of them with basic primary education. From a total of 81 diagnoses, the first 12 were characterized clinically and socio demographically, we found that in the emergency department, cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, headache, polyneuropathy and vertigo prevailed. CONCLUSIONS. The main reasons for consultation were cerebrovascular disease and delirium in the emergency department and hospitalization, respectively, being mainly generated by internal medicine and the intensive care unit.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades neurológicas constituyen gran parte de las urgencias médicas (10 %-15%). Por ende, se hace necesario el reconocimiento de la distribución de las principales condiciones tanto en urgencias como en hospitalización. Se decidió caracterizar la distribución real de la enfermedad neurológica atendida en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en Boyacá. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. RESULTADOS: 1203 pacientes con edad promedio de 56,2 (± 21,2) años, la mayoría de sexo masculino, casi la mitad de ellos nivel de educación básica primaria. De un total de 81 diagnósticos, se caracterizaron clínica y sociodemográficamente los 12 primeros, encontrando que en el área de urgencias prevalece la enfermedad cerebrovascular, epilepsia, cefalea, polineuropatia y vértigo. CONCLUSIONES. Los principales motivos de interconsulta del servicio son la enfermedad cerebrovascular y el delirio en urgencias e internación respectivamente, siendo generadas principalmente por medicina general, medicina interna y unidad de cuidado intensivo.

Abstract This study aims to estimate the prevalence of overall satisfaction with life regarding sense of purpose in life, morbidities, and self-reported health, and to identify their direct and indirect associations among the domains in community-dwelling older adults. The research has a cross-sectional design, and we evaluated 419 older adults. Morbidities were assessed using a dichotomous question; self-reported health and satisfaction with life were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale; and sense of purpose was assessed using the Ryff and Keyes 10-item scale. An analysis of structural equations was conducted using Path Analysis. The relationship between morbidities and overall satisfaction with life was mediated by self-reported health; purpose in life mediated the relationship between self-reported health and overall satisfaction with life. Beyond managing chronic illnesses, subjective assessments of health and well-being are key to successful aging.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de satisfacción global con la vida y referenciada a los dominios propósito de vida, morbilidades y salud autoevaluada, e identificar asociaciones directas e indirectas de morbilidades, autoevaluación general de salud y propósito con la satisfacción general con la vida en adultos mayores comunitarios. Es un diseño transversal que evaluó a 419 adultos mayores. Las morbilidades se evaluaron mediante una pregunta dicotómica, la autoevaluación de salud y la satisfacción con la vida por la escala Likert de 5 puntos, y el propósito mediante la escala de 10 ítems de Ryff y Keyes. Se utilizó análisis de ecuaciones estructurales vía análisis de trayectoria. La relación entre morbilidades y satisfacción general con la vida estuvo mediada por autoevaluación de la salud; el propósito de vida medió la relación entre autoevaluación de salud y satisfacción general con la vida. Más allá del manejo de enfermedades crónicas, las evaluaciones subjetivas de salud y bienestar son clave para un envejecimiento exitoso.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de satisfação global com a vida e referenciada a domínios, propósito de vida, morbidades e autoavaliação de saúde e identificar associações diretas e indiretas de morbidades, autoavaliação geral de saúde e propósito de vida com satisfação global com a vida em idosos comunitários. Trata-se de um delineamento transversal que avaliou 419 idosos. Morbidades foram avaliadas por questão dicotômica, autoavaliação de saúde e satisfação com a vida por escala tipo Likert de 5 pontos, e propósito pela escala de 10 itens de Ryff e Keyes. Utilizou-se análise de equações estruturais via análise de caminhos. A relação entre morbidades e satisfação global com a vida foi mediada pela autoavaliação de saúde; propósito de vida mediou a relação entre autoavaliação de saúde e satisfação global com a vida. Além do tratamento de doenças crônicas, avaliações subjetivas da saúde e bem-estar são essenciais para o envelhecimento bem-sucedido.

RESUMEN Introducción: La infección del orificio de salida del catéter de diálisis peritoneal es una complicación importante en la diálisis peritoneal, que puede evolucionar hacia una tunelitis y/o infección peritoneal, lo que suele conllevar una retirada del mismo. Objetivo: Analizar el uso de mupirocina en la cura del orificio sano y su repercusión en la ratio de infecciones del orificio de salida y en el porcentaje de infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter. Material y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, en una unidad de diálisis peritoneal provincial. Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años, que realizaron diálisis peritoneal en domicilio del 01/01/2019 hasta el 31/12/2021. Las variables analizadas, fueron: sexo , ratio de infección de orificio anual, gérmenes responsables, infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter y aparición de resistencias. Los datos se obtuvieron del registro anual de la unidad. Resultados: Tras la incorporación del uso de mupirocina 2 veces por semana en la cura del orificio de salida sano disminuyó la ratio de infección del orificio de salida, pasando de 0,47 episodio/paciente/año en 2019, a una ratio de 0,32 en 2020 y de 0,16 en 2021, disminuyendo el porcentaje de infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter de 38% en 2019, al 30% en 2020 y del 8% en 2021. No se han objetivado resistencias a antibióticos, ni otros efectos indeseados. Conclusiones: El uso de mupirocina en nuestra unidad parece ser eficaz en la reducción de las infecciones del orificio de salida, y de las infecciones peritoneales dependientes de catéter.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Outflow tract infection is an important complication in peritoneal dialysis, mainly because it can progress to tunelitis and/or catheter-dependent peritoneal infection that often leads to catheter removal. Objective: To analyse the mupirocin application in the management of the healthy exit site and the impact on the infection rate and the percentage of catheter-dependent peritoneal infections. Material and Method: Retrospective observational study in a provincial peritoneal dialysis unit. Patients over 18 years of age who underwent peritoneal dialysis at home from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2021 were included. Variables analysed were: sex, yearly orifice infection rate, responsible germs, catheter-dependent peritoneal infections and appearance of resistance. Data were obtained from the unit’s annual registry. Results: Twice-weekly mupirocin application in healthy peritoneal catheter exit site care has decreased the rate of exit site infections from 0.47 episode/patient/year in 2019 to 0.32 in 2020 and 0.16 in 2021, decreasing the percentage of catheter-dependent peritoneal infections from 38% in 2019 to 30% in 2020 and 8% in 2021. No resistance has been observed. Conclusions: Mupirocin application in our unit appears to be effective in reducing exit site infections and catheter-dependent peritoneal infections.

Resumo Avaliar a resistência à flexão (FS) e o módulo de flexão (FM) de uma cerâmica comercial 3Y-TZP após envelhecimento artificial, e com ou sem dois tempos de aplicação de plasma não térmico (NTP). Além disso, a transformação de fase cristalina e a nano-topografia de superfície após a aplicação de NTP, durante diferentes períodos de envelhecimento, foram avaliadas. Noventa barras 3Y-TZP (45x4x3 mm) foram feitas para testes de FS e FM, e distribuídas em nove grupos (n=10): sem NTP/sem envelhecimento (Controle); sem NTP/4h de envelhecimento; sem NTP/30h de envelhecimento; 10sNTP/sem envelhecimento; 10sNTP/4h; 10sNTP/30h; 60sNTP/sem envelhecimento; 60sNTP/4h e 60sNTP/30h. O envelhecimento artificial acelerado foi simulado em autoclave (134º C a 2 bar) por até 30 horas. FS e FM foram avaliados em máquina de ensaio universal e os dados analisados pela ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). A mudança de volume da fase monoclínica de zircônia (MPV) foi avaliada usando difração de raios-X e nano-topografia de superfície foi avaliada utilizando microscopia de força atômica (baseline até 30h). A aplicação do NTP não influenciou a FS e FM da zircônia. Comparado ao Controle (“sem NTP/sem envelhecimento”), a FS das amostras de zircônia tratadas por 30 horas em autoclave (“sem NTP/30h de envelhecimento”) aumentou. O envelhecimento artificial por 30 horas aumentou significativamente a FM da zircônia, independente do tempo de aplicação do NTP. O MPV tendeu a aumentar em função do aumento do tempo de envelhecimento para todos os grupos, que pode ter resultado nas irregularidades superficiais observadas com 30 horas de envelhecimento. O NTP não afetou as propriedades da zircônia testadas, mas o envelhecimento por 30 horas pode alterar a FS, FM e MPV da zircônia.

Abstract To evaluate the flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) of a commercial 3Y-TZ0P ceramic after artificial aging and either without or with two application times of non-thermal plasma treatments (NTP). In addition, changes in crystalline phase transformation and surface nano-topography after NTP application, during different aging periods, were evaluated. Ninety 3Y-TZP bars (45x4x3 mm) were made for FS and FM testing, and assigned to nine groups (n=10): no NTP/no aging (Control); no NTP/4h aging; no NTP/30h aging; 10s NTP/no aging; 10s NTP/4h aging; 10s NTP/30h aging; 60s NTP/no aging; 60s NTP/4h aging and 60s NTP/30h aging. Artificial accelerated aging was simulated using an autoclave (134º C at 2 bar) for up to 30h. FS and FM were assessed using a universal testing machine and data analyzed using a ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). The volume change in zirconia monoclinic phase (MPV) was evaluated using X-ray diffraction and surface nano-topography was assessed using atomic force microscopy (baseline until 30h-aging). NTP application did not influence the FS and FM of zirconia. Compared to the Control (no NTP/no aging), the FS of zirconia samples treated for 30 hours in autoclave (“no NTP/30h aging” group) increased. Artificial aging for 30 hours significantly increased the FM of zirconia, regardless of NTP application. MPV tended to increase following the increase in aging time, which might result in the surface irregularities observed at 30h-aging. NTP did not alter the zirconia properties tested, but 30h-aging can change the zirconia FS, FM and MPV.

Resumo Objetivo analisar associações diretas e indiretas entre autoavaliação de saúde, indicadores objetivos de saúde e neuroticismo em idosos Método Os dados foram extraídos dos registros de seguimento (2016-2017) do Estudo da Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (Estudo FIBRA), de base populacional, sobre fragilidade e fatores associados na velhice. Trezentos e noventa e sete indivíduos com idade a partir de 73 anos no seguimento responderam a um item sobre autoavaliação de saúde. Polimedicação, dor crônica e multimorbidade foram autorrelatadas, fadiga foi mensurada pela CES-D, depressão pela EDG e neuroticismo pelo inventário NEO-PI-R. Foi realizada análise de caminhos, para verificar associações diretas e indiretas entre autoavaliação de saúde, indicadores objetivos de saúde e neuroticismo. Resultados Relações mais robustas foram observadas entre sexo e multimorbidade, depressão e neuroticismo, e neuroticismo e autoavaliação de saúde. Destaca-se que neuroticismo mediou a relação entre idade, dor crônica, multimorbidade e depressão com autoavaliação de saúde. Conclusão O neuroticismo é um importante mediador da relação entre autoavaliação de saúde e indicadores objetivos de saúde. Trabalhos longitudinais são necessários para explicar as relações observadas.

Abstract Objective to analyze the direct and indirect associations between self-rated health, objective health indicators and neuroticism in older adults. Method Data were extracted from follow-up records (2016-2017) of the Study of Frailty in Brazilian Elderly (FIBRA Study), a population-based study of frailty and associated variables in old age. Three hundred and ninety-seven individuals aged 73 years and over at follow-up answered an item on self-rated health. Polimedication, chronic pain and multimorbidity were self-reported, fatigue was measured by CES-D, depression by GDS and neuroticism by NEO-PI-R. Path analysis was performed to verify direct and indirect associations between self-rated health, objective health indicators and neuroticism in the follow-up. Results Neuroticism mediated the relationship between sex and age with self-rated health, and between depression and self-rated health. More robust relationships were observed between depression and neuroticism, pain and neuroticism, and sex and neuroticism; the least robust occurred between age and fatigue. Conclusion Neuroticism is an important mediator of the relationship between self-rated health and objective health indicators. Longitudinal work is needed to

RESUMEN Se presentan 3 casos en relación al síndrome de desmielinización osmótica resaltando las características en la neuroimagen.

ABSTRACT Three cases are presented in relation to the osmotic demyelination syndrome, highlighting the characteristics in the neuroimaging.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The abdominal perimeter and endurance to intermittent efforts reflected in VO2max are two major indicators; the first for cardiovascular risk and the second for maximum aerobic capacity. This study will make it possible to determine whether abdominal perimeter measurements are related to the subject's ability to respond to intermittent efforts. Objective: Determine the association between the abdominal perimeter and the endurance to intermittent efforts reflected in the VO2max. Methods: The participants were 91 men and 22 female students of the Bachelor's Degree in Physical Education, Recreation and Sports of the University of Pamplona. For the assessment of intermittent endurance, the intermittent fitness test 30-15 (30-15 ITF) was used with which the VO2max was determined. The abdominal perimeter was taken taking into account the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The tabulation and analysis of data was carried out in the PSPP statistical package, applying the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test for men and Shapiro-Wilk for women, and, Spearman's correlational coefficient (p < 0,05) (p-value of 0,05). Results: A negative association was found between the variables abdominal girth and the indicator of endurance to intermittent efforts VO2max, in men (r = -0,17) and in women (r = 0,09), however, for both sexes, this relationship was not statistically significant (p < 0,05). Conclusion: It is concluded that, the abdominal perimeter is not significantly related to resistance to intermittent efforts in physically active university students.

RESUMEN Introducción: El perímetro abdominal y la resistencia a esfuerzos intermitentes, reflejada en el VO2máx, son dos grandes indicadores; el primero del riesgo cardiovascular y el segundo de la capacidad aeróbica máxima. Este estudio permitirá determinar si las mediciones del perímetro abdominal tienen relación con la capacidad del sujeto de responder a esfuerzos intermitentes. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el perímetro de cintura y la resistencia a esfuerzos intermitentes reflejada en el VO2máx. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 91 hombres y 22 mujeres estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación Física, Recreación y Deportes de la Universidad de Pamplona. Para la valoración de la resistencia intermitente se empleó el test de fitness intermitente 30-15 (30-15 ITF) con el cual se determinó el VO2máx. Se realizó la toma del perímetro de cintura teniendo en cuenta los criterios de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. La tabulación y análisis de datos se llevó a cabo en el paquete estadístico PSPP, con la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov - Smirnov para hombres y Shapiro - Wilk para mujeres, y el coeficiente correlacional de Spearman (p < 0,05) (valor p de 0,05). Resultados: Se encontró una asociación negativa entre las variables perímetro abdominal e indicador de resistencia a esfuerzos intermitentes VO2máx, en hombres (r = -0,17) y en mujeres (r = 0,09), no obstante, para ambos sexos esta relación no fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Se concluye que el perímetro abdominal no está relacionado de forma significativa con la resistencia a esfuerzos intermitentes en universitarios físicamente activos.

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the difference in incidence of transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm newborns with and without implementation of a peri-transfusion fasting protocol. Methods: Retrospective observational study. All preterm newborns that were transfused with red blood cell units during the period from July 2015 to October 2016 in the newborns´ unit at a third level of care center in Colombia were included. The peri-transfusion fasting protocol started on April 2016. Transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis was defined as necrotizing enterocolitis presented within 48 hours after the transfusion. Demographic variables, feeding, number of transfusions and variables associated with necrotizing enterocolitis were analyzed. Results: During the study time, 148 premature newborns needed at least one transfusion of red blood cells that accounted for 385 transfusion events. Seven cases of transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis were reported. The overall cumulative incidence was 4.7% (3.6% with peri-transfusion fasting protocol and 6.3% without protocol), the overall incidence rate of transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis was 18/1000 people-transfusion (IC 95% 7-37/1000 people-transfusion); it was higher in the group without protocol (28/1000 people-transfusion) than in the group with protocol (12/1000 people-transfusion), but without statistical significance. Conclusions: Implementation of the peri-transfusion fasting protocol may decrease the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with transfusion. Prospective studies are required to establish the relationship between enteral feeding during transfusion and necrotizing enterocolitis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la diferencia de incidencia de enterocolitis necrotizante asociada a transfusión en recién nacidos pretérmino con y sin implementación de un protocolo de ayuno peritransfusional. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos pretérmino que fueron transfundidos con unidad de glóbulos rojos entre julio 2015 y octubre 2016 en la unidad de recién nacidos un centro de tercer nivel de Colombia. El protocolo de ayuno peritransfusional se inició a partir de abril 2016. La enterocolitis necrotizante asociada a transfusión se definió como enterocolitis necrotizante presentada dentro de las 48 horas posteriores a la transfusión. Se analizaron variables demográficas, alimentación, número de transfusiones y variables asociadas a enterocolitis necrotizante. Resultados: Durante el tiempo de estudio, 148 recién nacidos prematuros necesitaron al menos una transfusión de glóbulos rojos que representaron 385 eventos de transfusión. Se informaron siete casos de enterocolitis necrotizante asociada a transfusión. La incidencia acumulada global fue 4,7 % (3,6 % con protocolo de ayuno peritransfusional y 6,3 % sin protocolo), la tasa de incidencia global de enterocolitis necrotizante asociada a transfusión fue 18/1000 personas-transfusión (IC95% 7-37/1000 personas-transfusión), mayor en el grupo sin protocolo (28/1000 personas-transfusión) que en el grupo con protocolo (12/1000 personas-transfusión), pero sin significación estadística. Conclusiones: La implementación del protocolo de ayuno peritransfusional podría disminuir la incidencia y gravedad de la enterocolitis necrotizante asociada a transfusión. Se requieren estudios prospectivos para establecer la relación entre la alimentación enteral durante la transfusión y la enterocolitis necrotizante.

SUMMARY Introduction: cervical cancer is a health problem for the humankind. The study of its risk factors stands as a priority for the Cuban health system. Objective: to know the behavior of cervical cancer risk factors in students of the studies of Hygiene-Epidemiology-Vector Surveillance and Control of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive research inserted into the Branch Program of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases. It dealt with the universe of 50 students of the studies of Hygiene-Epidemiology-Vectorial Surveillance and Control of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Results: in relation to the age of beginning to have sexual relationships, it was observed the predominance of the age of 14 years. The presence of multiple sexual partners, unprotected intercourse, use of contraceptive tablets, smoking habit, gynecological manipulations, and sexually transmitted infections are other risk factors found. Special significance had the existence of multiple sexual partners and the use of contraceptive tables. Among the motivations leading to early beginning to have sexual relationships, experiencing new sensations with 28 % and seeking for pleasure with the couple with 55 % stood out. 92 % did not know the disease’s risk factors. Conclusions: the students presented pronounced magnitude risk factors of suffering cervical cancer.

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer cérvico uterino constituye un problema de salud para la humanidad. El estudio de sus factores de riesgo representa prioridad para el sistema de salud cubano. Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo del cáncer cérvico uterino, en estudiantes de las carreras de Higiene-Epidemiología-Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: investigación descriptiva, transversal, retrospectiva que se insertó en el Programa Ramal Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles. Se trabajó con el universo de 50 alumnos de las carreras de Higiene- Epidemiología-Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Resultados: según edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, se observó mayor predominio a los 14 años de edad. Presencia de múltiples compañeros sexuales, relaciones sexuales desprotegidas, uso de tabletas anticonceptivas, hábito de fumar, manipulaciones ginecológicas, así como infecciones de transmisión sexual. Especial significación tuvo la evidencia de cifras significativas de múltiples compañeros sexuales y el uso de tabletas anticonceptivas. Entre la distribución de motivos que impulsaron al inicio de relaciones sexuales, se destacaron los de experimentar sensaciones nuevas con el 28 %, y búsqueda de placer con la pareja en 55 %. El 92 %, desconocían los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: los estudiantes presentaron factores de riesgo de considerable magnitud de padecer cáncer cérvico uterino.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar os fatores de predição para as variáveis de bem-estar subjetivo e psicológico em uma amostra de 265 alunos idosos participantes em uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade (UATI). As escalas utilizadas foram Escalas de Satisfação Geral com a Vida e referenciada aos domínios, Escala de Estado de Ânimo e Escala de Desenvolvimento Pessoal. Resultados significativos das análises multivariadas indicaram que ter 70 anos ou mais e ser do sexo masculino associaram-se com bem-estar subjetivo, enquanto possuir nível elevado de escolaridade associou-se com maiores níveis de bem-estar psicológico. Conclui-se que as características sociodemográficas dos idosos entrevistados podem ser atributos importantes que influenciam o bem-estar de idosos frequentadores de UATIs.

Abstract This study aimed to identify predictive factors for subjective and psychological well-being in a sample of 265 older adults enrolled in the University of the Third Age (U3A). The scales used were: General Satisfaction with Life Scale and referenced to the domains, Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Personal Development Scale. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that being 70 or older and male was associated with the subjective well-being and having higher education level was associated with psychological well-being. It was concluded that sociodemographic characteristics of the interviewed elders enrolled in U3A can be important attributes that influence well-being.

Abstract This work analyzes, from a political sociology perspective, the participation of the Colombian Afro-descendant Social Movement (MSA) in the National Constituent Assembly of 1991. In this analysis two categories, the structure of political opportunity (EOP) and the policy of influence, helped to identify how this group participated in the institutional sphere, within the context of crisis and political violence that Colombia faced in the 1980s. This investigation reviewed specialized literature and press news; some Afro-descendant leaders were interviewed as well. Thus, this study defined the historic outline of MSA’s political participation and also identified the group’s repertories of collective action. From the above, this paper defined MSA demands for identity, economic development and land titling within article 55 of the 1991 Constitution.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza, desde la sociología política, la participación del movimiento social afrodescendiente (MSA) colombiano en la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1991. Se recurrió a dos categorías conceptuales para el análisis: la estructura de oportunidad política (EOP) y la política de la influencia, para identificar cómo se generó la apertura para la participación de este movimiento en la esfera institucional, en el contexto de crisis y violencia política que enfrentaba Colombia en la década de 1980. Para esta investigación se acudió a literatura especializada, se entrevistó a líderes afrodescendientes y se rastreó noticias de prensa. Así, se reconstruyó históricamente la participación política del MSA en escenarios institucionales y se identificaron sus formas de acción colectiva. A partir de lo anterior, fue posible definir sus demandas de identidad, desarrollo económico y titulación del territorio en el artículo transitorio 55 de la Constitución de 1991.

Resumo As maiores queixas observadas nos indivíduos idosos estão atreladas à cognição, sendo algumas caracterizadas pelos processos demenciais. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a associação entre cognição e atividades avançadas de vida diária, em uma amostra de idosos brasileiros longevos residentes na comunidade. Tratou-se de uma análise transversal de 205 idosos, com 80 anos ou mais que utilizou dados secundários do estudo Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA) de 2016-2017. Os participantes completaram um bloco de medidas que incluiu informações sociodemográficas, atividades avançadas de vida diária (AAVDs) e informações cognitivas através do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Os participantes obtiveram um bom desempenho na avaliação global da cognição pelo MEEM, com média de 24,9 (±2,89). Os resultados apontam que participar de eventos culturais, realizar trabalho voluntário, participar de diretorias, acessar e-mail e internet foram significativamente associadas ao bom desempenho cognitivo. Concluiu-se que o MEEM se associou com participação em eventos culturais, realização de trabalho voluntário e participação em diretorias após ajuste com variáveis gênero, faixa etária e escolaridade.

Abstract The greatest complaints observed in older adults individuals are linked to cognition, some characterized by dementia processes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cognition and advanced activities of daily living in a sample of Brazilian oldest-old residents in the community. It was a cross-sectional analysis of 205 older adults individuals, aged 80 years or older who used secondary data from the Frailty in Brazilian Older People (FIBRA) study of 2016-2017. Participants completed a block of measures that included sociodemographic information, advanced activities of daily living (AADLs) and cognitive information by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants performed well in the overall evaluation of cognition by the MMSE, with an average of 24.9 (± 2.89). The results also point out that schooling, participating in cultural events, volunteering, management, accessing e-mail and the Internet were significantly associated with good cognitive performance. It was concluded that the MMSE was associated with participation in cultural events, volunteering and management after adjustment with variables gender, age group and schooling.

Resumen Introducción. Los trastornos linfoproliferativos después de un trasplante se caracterizan por la proliferación descontrolada de linfocitos como consecuencia del tratamiento inmunosupresor posterior a este. Objetivo. Caracterizar clínica y patológicamente los casos de trastornos linfoproliferativos después de trasplante (Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders, PTLD) en una cohorte de pacientes adultos con trasplante de hígado atendidos a lo largo de 15 años en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional retrospectivo a partir de la revisión de las bases de datos de la Unidad de Trasplante Hepático y del Departamento de Patología del Hospital en busca de los casos de PTLD diagnosticados durante el periodo de estudio. Se recolectó la información epidemiológica, clínica y patológica, y se adelantaron los análisis estadísticos. Resultados. Durante el periodo de estudio, hubo 572 pacientes con trasplante de hígado, la incidencia de trastornos linfoproliferativos fue de 2,44 %, el 79 % en hombres, y la edad promedio en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 62,5 años. El 71 % de los casos se presentó durante los primeros 12 meses después del trasplante y el mismo porcentaje fue seropositivo para el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV). El fenotipo patológico más frecuente fue el monomorfo y la mayoría de los tumores se detectaron en el hilio hepático. La supervivencia al año fue del 50 %. Conclusiones. Llamó la atención el alto porcentaje de casos de presentación temprana, así como la gran frecuencia de seropositividad para el EBV tanto en los donantes como en los receptores. Deben adelantarse estudios más detallados para una mejor comprensión de esta enfermedad en el país. Este es el primer análisis clínico y patológico de PTLD en pacientes con trasplante de hígado adelantado en Colombia hasta la fecha.

Abstract Introduction: The post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are characterized by an uncontrolled pathological lymphoid proliferation as a consequence of transplant immunosuppression therapy. Objective: To characterize the clinical and pathological characteristics of PTLD in a cohort of adult patients with liver transplant during a 15 year period at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study by searching for the PTLD cases diagnosed during the study period in the databases of the Liver Transplantation Unit and the Pathology Department. We collected the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological information and performed the corresponding statistics analyses. Results: During the research period, 572 patients were transplanted; the incidence of PTDL was 2.44%; 79% of them were man and the average age at the time of diagnosis was 62.5 years; 71% of the cases were diagnosed during the first year after the transplant and the same percentage EBV-seropositive patients. The most frequent pathological phenotype was monomorphic and the majority of tumors was detected in the hepatic hilum. The one-year survival was 50%. Conclusion: The high proportion of early cases and the high frequency of Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity both in donors and receptors drewour attention. More studies are necessary to have a better understanding of this condition in Colombia. This is the first PTLD clinical and pathological analysis in liver-transplant patients from Colombia to date.