RESUMO. O cyberbullying é um problema crescente, especialmente entre a população adolescente. Esse fenômeno merece pesquisas científicas que visam explicá-lo no maior número possível de aspectos, incluindo emoções. Dentro dessa estrutura, a presente investigação se preocupa em analisar a raiva em adolescentes envolvidos em situações de cyberbullying. Foi realizado um estudo com desenho qualitativo e método fenomenológico-hermenêutico, no qual foram entrevistados 31 adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos de idade, envolvidos em situações de cyberbullying no papel de vítimas ou espectadores. As vítimas do cyberbullying sentem raiva, principalmente quando os ataques são de pessoas que consideram amigas. Essa emoção é experimentada junto com outros afetos, como tristeza e vergonha. Para os espectadores, a raiva está associada a situações de injustiça e à percepção de que os agressores não têm empatia pelas vítimas. Os adolescentes reconhecem os efeitos negativos que o cyberbullying tem sobre a imagem das pessoas em ambientes digitais. Compreender o lugar que as emoções ocupam nas agressões mediadas pelas TIC é essencial para gerar conhecimento que serve de base para o desenho e implementação de programas de intervenção psicossocial do cyberbullying e promover espaços de reflexão sobre o que significa intimidade, amizade e confie na era digital.

ABSTRACT. Cyberbullying is a growing problem, especially among the adolescent population. This phenomenon warrants scientific research that aims to explain it in as many aspects as possible, including emotions. In this context, this research deals with the analysis of anger in adolescents involved in cyberbullying situations. A study with qualitative design and the phenomenological-hermeneutic method was conducted, in which 31 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 were interviewed, involved in cyberbullying situations in the roles of victims or bystanders. Victims of cyberbullying feel angry, especially when the assaults come from people they considered their friends. This emotion is experienced along with other affections such as sadness and shame. For bystanders, anger is associated with situations of injustice and the perception that aggressors have no empathy for the victims. Adolescents recognize the negative effects that cyberbullying has on people's image in digital environments. Understanding the place of emotions in ICT-mediated aggressions is essential to generate knowledge that serves as the basis for the design and implementation of psychosocial intervention programs in cyberbullying, and to promote spaces for reflection on what intimacy, friendship, and trust mean in the digital age.

RESUMEN. El cyberbullying es un problema creciente, sobre todo entre la población adolescente. Este fenómeno amerita investigación científica que apunte a explicarlo en el mayor número de aspectos posibles, incluyendo las emociones. En este marco, la presente investigación se ocupa de analizar la ira en adolescentes involucrados en situaciones de cyberbullying. Se realizó un estudio con diseño cualitativo y método fenomenológico-hermenéutico, en el que se entrevistaron 31 adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años de edad, implicados en situaciones de cyberbullying en los roles de víctimas o espectadores. Las víctimas de ciberacoso sienten ira, especialmente, cuando las agresiones provienen de parte de personas a quienes consideraban sus amigos. Esta emoción se experimenta junto con otros afectos como la tristeza y la vergüenza. Para los espectadores, la ira está asociada a situaciones de injusticia y a la percepción de que los agresores no tienen empatía hacia las víctimas. Los adolescentes reconocen los efectos negativos que el cyberbullying tiene sobre la imagen de las personas en entornos digitales. Comprender el lugar que ocupan las emociones en las agresiones mediadas por TIC es fundamental para generar conocimiento que sirva de base para el diseño e implementación de programas de intervención psicosocial del ciberacoso, y promover espacios de reflexión sobre de lo que significa la intimidad, la amistad y la confianza en la era digital.

Objective To describe tuberculosis in Pediatrics from 2005-2015 in Navarra, attending to demographic, clinic, radiologic, microbiologic, treatment and evolution data. Material and methods A retrospective descriptive study based on data from the clinical history of patients treated between 2005 and 2015. Results We studied 52 patients, 57.7% men, 42.3% women, age: 4 years old. 38.5% are immigrant and 61.5% children from immigrants. During the last 10 years, the distribution has been homogeneous, despite of one outbreak in 2011. 69.2% had symptoms when diagnosed. In 63.5% we knew index case. The most frequent clinical form is the pulmonary one. Simple Rx was pathological in 86,5% of cases and CT was applied in 82,7% (being diagnostic in 95’3% of them). 71,2% of microbiological cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (92,3% of them were sensible to M. tuberculosis sensible to standard treatment). All patients were treated with four drugs and then two up to 6-12 months. Follow up: 84.6% healed, 13.5% healed but there were sequelae and one of our patients died. Conclusion Tuberculosis represents a problem in children health. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most frequent clinical form. Normally, it evolves favourably but morbimortality exists. It is essential to consider tuberculosis in order to have an early diagnosis and treatment.

Objetivo Describir la tuberculosis infantil de 2005 a 2015 en Navarra, con datos demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos, microbiológicos, tratamiento y evolución. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo a partir de datos de historia clínica de los pacientes atendidos entre 2005 y 2015. Resultados 52 pacientes, 57,7% varones, 42,3% mujeres, mediana de edad cuatro años, 38,5% inmigrantes, 61,5% hijos de inmigrantes. Distribución homogénea en los diez años, excepto un brote en 2011. Sintomáticos el 69,2%. En el 63,5% de los pacientes el caso índice es conocido. La forma clínica más frecuente es la pulmonar (82,7%). La radiología fue patológica en el 86,5%, se realizó tomografía computarizada pulmonar en el 82,7% (95,3% patológicos). El 71,2% de los cultivos fueron positivos para Mycobacterium tuberculosis (sensibles 92,3%). Tratamiento con cuatro fármacos y posteriormente dos de 6 a 12 meses. Evolución: 84,6% curación, 13,5% secuelas y un exitus . Conclusiones La tuberculosis es un problema de salud infantil cuya forma más frecuente es pulmonar. Evoluciona favorablemente, pero presenta morbimortalidad. Es imprescindible tenerla en cuenta para diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role as an intermediary in different biological, chemical and environmental systems. It has been widely used as an oxidizing and antimicrobial agent, in germicides production and textile and paper bleaching. However, it is well known, that H2O2 is a possible responsible in many diseases and is a chemical agent that threatens the environment, so it becomes important to detect peroxide with high accuracy. In this study, carbon paste electrode (CPE), modified with Co2SnO4 was synthesized and tested. It was successfully obtained a non-enzymatic H2O2 detection type sensor, based on Co2SnO4/ CPE composite, showing good linear response in concentration of H2O2 in the range of 88 - 605.9 μM.

Abstract Tuberculous lymphadenitis can be caused either by an haematogenous spread from a pulmonary primary form or by an extrapulmonar infection due to cutaneous lesions or contact with contaminated items. We present a 10-year-old spanish boy, who presented with an inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Infection was secondary to a foot injury caused in a Brazilian beach. A scrofula appeared after triple therapy was instaured, needing surgical debridement with a favourable clinical evolution.

Resumen La afectación ganglionar por Mycobacterium tuberculosis puede ocurrir tras una diseminación linfohemática a partir de una afectación primaria pulmonar, o por primoinfección extrapulmonar, cuya puerta de entrada son las mucosas o contacto con objetos contaminados. Se presenta el caso de un niño de diez años, nacido en España, afecto de adenitis tuberculosa en la región inguinal, cuya infección se produjo tras una herida en el pie ocurrida en una playa de Brasil. Tras el inicio de la terapia antituberculosa desarrolló una escrófula que requirió desbridamiento quirúrgico, con buena evolución posterior.