Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a incidência e o perfil epidemiológico das lesões da rampa meniscal nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), e determinar os fatores de risco relacionados. Métodos Foram analisados retrospectivamente 824 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. Os pacientes que apresentaram instabilidade meniscal medial foram submetidos a avaliação do compartimento posteromedial do joelho. Em caso de lesão, o reparo cirúrgico foi realizado. Potenciais fatores de risco associados às lesões foram analisados. Resultados A incidência geral de lesões da rampa na população estudada foi de 10,6% (87 lesões em 824 pacientes). A análise multivariada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado demonstrou que a presença de lesões da rampa meniscal foi significativamente associada aos seguintes fatores de risco: lateralidade direita e lesões crônicas. Sexo, idade e atividade esportiva não foram estatisticamente significantes. O futebol foi a causa mais frequente de lesões da rampa relacionadas ao esporte, com 78,2% dos casos. No entanto, não se mostrou ser um fator de risco. De 2014 a 2019, a incidência anual variou de 4,0% a 20,6%. Conclusão A incidência das lesões da rampa meniscal foi de 10,6% nas cirurgias de reconstrução do LCA, sendo mais frequente em pacientes com lesões crônicas. A incidência anual foi crescente, e variou de 4,0%, em 2014, a 20,6%, em 2019.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the incidence and epidemiological profile of meniscal ramp lesions in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, and to determine the related risk factors. Methods In total, 824 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who presented medial meniscal instability were submitted to evaluation of the posteromedial compartment of the knee. In case of injury, surgical repair was performed. Potential risk factors associated with the lesions were analyzed. Results The overall incidence of ramp lesions in the population studied was of 10.6% (87 lesions in 824 patients). The multivariate analysis through the Chi-squared test showed that the presence of meniscal ramp lesions was significantly associated with the following risk factors: right laterality and chronic lesions. Gender, age and sports activity were not statistically significant. Soccer was the most frequent cause of ramp injuries related to sport, with 78.2% of the cases. However, it was not shown to be a risk factor. The annual incidence from 2014 to 2019 ranged from 4.0% to 20.6%. Conclusion The incidence of meniscal ramp lesions was of 10.6% in ACL reconstruction surgeries, being more frequent among patients with chronic lesions. The increasing annual incidence ranged from 4.0% in 2014 to 20.6% in 2019.

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação da anemia com a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica de pré-escolares de creches públicas da cidade de Taubaté, SP, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostra probabilística que analisou 363 crianças assistidas em creches públicas de regiões de baixa e alta renda de Taubaté. A concentração de hemoglobina (Hb), variável dependente, foi obtida por meio de punção digital, considerando anêmicas as crianças com concentração de Hb<11,0 g/dL. As variáveis independentes como condições socioeconômicas e demográficas foram coletadas por questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia por deficiência de ferro foi de 19,3% entre os pré-escolares. As crianças das creches de elevada vulnerabilidade socioeconômica apresentaram concentração de Hb estatisticamente menor do que aquelas de região não vulnerável (p<0,05). Conclusões: A menor concentração de Hb em pré-escolares está associada à localização das creches em região de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, uma vez que as crianças que frequentam tais creches enfrentam condições adversas familiares, como baixa renda, mães que trabalham e com baixa escolaridade, embora recebam benefício social e acompanhamento pelos serviços públicos de saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of anemia with the socioeconomic vulnerability of preschoolers in public day care centers, in the city of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample that analyzed 363 children assisted in public day care centres in low-income and high-income areas of Taubaté, SP, Brazil. The hemoglobin concentration (Hb), dependent variable, was obtained by digital puncture, considering anemic children with Hb concentration <11.0 g/dL. The independent variables such as socioeconomic and demographic conditions were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 19.3% among preschoolers. Children from day care centers with high socioeconomic vulnerability had lower Hb concentration than those from a non-vulnerable area (p<0.05). Conclusions: The lower concentration of hemoglobin in preschoolers is associated with the location of day care centers in an area of socioeconomic vulnerability. Children attending these day care centers face adverse family conditions such as low income, working mothers, and mothers with low schooling, though they receive social benefits and monitoring by public health services.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide and a low level of encapsulated zinc oxide, with or without dietary fiber, on the performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. A total of 112 piglets were used, divided into four treatment groups: basal diet with zinc oxide (ZnO); basal diet with zinc oxide and dietary fiber (ZnO+DF); basal diet with encapsulated low zinc oxide (LZnOE); and basal diet with LZnOE and DF (LZnOE+DF). Piglets were challenged with E . coli K88 + , weighed weekly and the fecal score was evaluated daily. One pig per pen was slaughtered to evaluate the production of volatile fatty acids, intestinal microbial populations, intestinal morphology, and digestibility. The encapsulated zinc resulted in lower body weight and average daily gain, but, when associated with dietary fiber, had similar results to zinc oxide. Until 49 days of age, zinc oxide reduced diarrhoea ( p < 0.05). At 63 days of age the piglets subjected to LZnOE+DF treatment had lower diarrhoea than the pigs subjected to LZnOE treatment but higher than the ZnO and the ZnO+DF groups. Final weight and incidence of diarrhoea of pigs receiving LZnOE was worse than ZnO. LZnOE associated with DF provided the same final weight of piglets from the ZnO group.

Abstract Background: The knowledge on the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is essential to reduce the gap between evidence and practice. Objective: To describe a simulation training strategy for emergency healthcare professionals and provide preliminary data on knowledge acquisition, learners' confidence and prescription of medications after training. Methods: The training was part of the implementation of two myocardial infarction systems of care. It comprehended lectures and simulation-based learning using high and low-fidelity mannequins and actors. It was tested in two phases: the first one in Belo Horizonte and the second one in Montes Claros, both in the state of Minas Gerais. A test was applied before and after training to assess knowledge acquisition. Confidence to perform thrombolysis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients was assessed using a questionnaire, and the impact on medication prescription analyzed STEMI patients admitted to hospitals in Montes Claros. Results: In the first phase, 156 professionals answered both tests: 70% of them improved their results and the median number of right answers increased (6, interquartile range [IQR] 5-7; vs 7 ([IQR] 6-9; p < 0.05). In the second phase, 242 professionals answered both tests: 58% of the physicians and 83% of the nurses obtained better test scores. Participants referred a positive impact on their clinical practice, 95% reported feeling very secure when perform fibrinolysis after the training, and there was also an impact on medication prescription. Conclusions: There was an impact on the learners' knowledge acquisition and confidence using our two-phase training model, with evidence of impact on performance.

Resumo Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um patógeno oportunista capaz de formar biofilmes de grande relevância para a microbiologia médica e para a indústria de alimentos. Os constituintes do óleo essencial (OE) têm sido pesquisados como novas alternativas para o controle do biofilme. Neste estudo, o cinamaldeído mostrou-se eficaz como OE contra células planctônicas de cepas de P. aeruginosa (p < 0,05) e foi então utilizado para a preparação de soluções sanitizantes que, por sua vez, foram testadas contra biofilmes de P. aeruginosa formados em superfície de aço inoxidável. Cinamaldeído mostrou atividade antibacteriana contra células sésseis de P. aeruginosa (p < 0,05). Para a estirpe ATCC 9027, foi obtida uma eliminação de células bacterianas viáveis em 100% (5,87 log-redução), após tratamento com a solução 6xMIC (0,06% Concentração Inibitória Mínima). As soluções sanitizantes de cinamaldeído podem ser novas alternativas para o controle dessas comunidades sésseis microbianas na indústria alimentícia.

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of forming biofilms of great relevance to medical microbiology and the food industry. Essential oil (EOs) constituents have been researched as new strategies for the control of biofilms. In the present study cinnamaldehyde was shown to be an effective EO against the planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa strains (p < 0.05). Thus it was used to prepare sanitizing solutions, which were tested against P. aeruginosa biofilms formed on stainless steel surfaces. Cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity against sessile P. aeruginosa cells (p < 0.05). A 100% (5.87 log-reduction) elimination of viable bacterial cells was obtained after treatment with a 6xMIC (0.06% Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) solution for the strain ATCC 9027. Sanitizing cinnamaldehyde solutions can be used as new alternatives to control such microbial sessile communities in food industries.

Resumo: O feminismo materialista constitui uma das correntes mais importantes do feminismo francês. São identificadas com essa perspectiva diversas análises antinaturalistas para as quais o conceito de relações sociais tem uma centralidade - notadamente aquelas produzidas por Christine Delphy, Colette Guillaumin, Nicole-Claude Mathieu e Monique Wittig. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar a emergência dessas teorizações no bojo das intensas mobilizações da década de 1970 e algumas de suas ideias centrais. Partindo de diferentes tipos de fontes como panfletos, textos de revistas militantes e outros materiais não publicados, o objetivo é abordar tais teorias no contexto histórico e teórico no qual emergiram.

Abstract: Materialist feminism is one of the main theoretical currents of French feminist thought. This reflection, promoted by authors like Christine Delphy, Colette Guillaumin, Nicole-Claude Mathieu and Monique Wittig emerges amidst intense feminist mobilizations in the 1970s in France and produces inescapable contributions to the feminist debate in that country. This article proposes to present the emergence of these theorizations and some of their central ideas. Starting from different types of sources such as pamphlets, texts from militant magazines and other unpublished materials, the objective is to address such theories in the historical and theoretical context in which these analyzes have emerged.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) são o principal problema de saúde global e geram um elevado número de mortes prematuras e perda de qualidade de vida. O objetivo foi descrever os principais grupos de causas de morte por DCNT e o ranking das causas de morte prematura entre 1990 a 2015, segundo estimativas do estudo Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 para o Brasil. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal do Brasil e 27 Unidades Federadas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo das taxas de mortalidade por DCNT, com correções para sub-registro e códigos garbage. RESULTADOS: O estudo aponta a transição epidemiológica no Brasil entre 1990 e 2015, com o crescimento da mortalidade proporcional por DCNT, seguida das violências, e com a redução das causas maternas, infecciosas e infantis na carga global de doenças. As DCNT cursaram com as taxas de mortalidade mais elevadas em todo o período, mas com declínio para as doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias crônicas e câncer. O diabetes aumentou no período. As DCNT lideram entre as causas de morte prematura (30 a 69 anos): doenças isquêmicas do coração e doenças cerebrovasculares, seguidas de violência interpessoal, lesão no trânsito e HIV/aids. CONCLUSÕES: A queda da mortalidade por DCNT confirma melhora do controle de doenças no país. Entretanto, a alta mortalidade por violência é um sinal de alerta. Mantendo-se a queda atual das DCNT, o Brasil deverá atingir as metas de redução propostas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde de 25% até 2025.

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading health problem globally and generate high numbers of premature deaths and loss of quality of life. The aim here was to describe the major groups of causes of death due to NCDs and the ranking of the leading causes of premature death between 1990 and 2015, according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study estimates for Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study covering Brazil and its 27 federal states. METHODS: This was a descriptive study on rates of mortality due to NCDs, with corrections for garbage codes and underreporting of deaths. RESULTS: This study shows the epidemiological transition in Brazil between 1990 and 2015, with increasing proportional mortality due to NCDs, followed by violence, and decreasing mortality due to communicable, maternal and neonatal causes within the global burden of diseases. NCDs had the highest mortality rates over the whole period, but with reductions in cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and cancer. Diabetes increased over this period. NCDs were the leading causes of premature death (30 to 69 years): ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, followed by interpersonal violence, traffic injuries and HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: The decline in mortality due to NCDs confirms that improvements in disease control have been achieved in Brazil. Nonetheless, the high mortality due to violence is a warning sign. Through maintaining the current decline in NCDs, Brazil should meet the target of 25% reduction proposed by the World Health Organization by 2025.

Resumo Estudos vêm demonstrando uma diminuição na resistência adesiva em dentina tratada com hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl). O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do plasma de argônio não-térmico na resistência de união de um sistema adesivo autocondicionante à dentina exposta ao NaOCl. Trinta e duas superfícies dentinárias lisas de incisivos bovinos foram imersas em NaOCl a 2,5% por 30 min para simular o passo de irrigação durante o tratamento endodôntico. Os espécimes foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=8), de acordo com o tratamento de superfície: Controle (sem tratamento de plasma), AR15 (plasma de argônio por 15 s), AR30 (plasma de argônio por 30 s) e AR45 (plasma de argônio por 45 s). Para teste de resistência de união por microtração, cinco espécimes foram utilizadas por grupo. Em cada grupo, os espécimes foram hibridizados com um sistema adesivo autocondicionante (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) e blocos de resina composta foram construídos. Após 48 h de armazenamento em água, os espécimes foram seccionados em palitos (5 por dente - 25 por grupo) e submetidos ao teste de resistência de união por microtração (μTBS) até a fratura, avaliando o padrão de fratura. Três amostras por grupo foram analisadas sob espectroscopia por FTIR para verificar as modificações químicas produzidas pelos tratamentos na dentina. Os dados de microtração foram avaliados estatisticamente utilizando os testes de ANOVA e Tamhane (p<0,05). AR30 apresentou o maior μTBS (20,86±9,0). AR15 (13,81±6,4) e AR45 (11,51±6,8) foram estatisticamente semelhantes ao controle (13,67±8,1). A espectroscopia por FTIR mostrou que o tratamento de plasma produziu modificações químicas na dentina. Como conclusão, o tratamento de plasma de argônio não-térmico por 30 s produziu alterações químicas na dentina e melhorou o μTBS do Clearfil SE Bond à dentina tratada com NaOCl.

Abstract Studies have been showing a decrease of bond strength in dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-thermal argon plasma on the bond strength of a self-etch adhesive system to dentin exposed to NaOCl. Thirty-two flat dentin surfaces of bovine incisors were immersed in 2.5% NaOCl for 30 min to simulate the irrigation step during endodontic treatment. The specimens were divided into four groups (n=8), according to the surface treatment: Control (without plasma treatment), AR15 (argon plasma for 15 s), AR30 (argon plasma for 30 s) and AR45 (argon plasma for 45 s). For microtensile bond strength test, 5 specimens were used per group. In each group, the specimens were hybridized with a self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond) and resin composite buildups were constructed. After 48 h of water storage, specimens were sectioned into sticks (5 per tooth, 25 per group) and subjected to microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) until failure, evaluating failure mode. Three specimens per group were analyzed under FTIR spectroscopy to verify the chemical modifications produced in dentin. μTBS data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tamhane tests (p<0.05). AR30 showed the highest μTBS (20.86±9.0). AR15 (13.81±6.4) and AR45 (11.51±6.8) were statistically similar to control (13.67±8.1). FTIR spectroscopy showed that argon plasma treatment produced chemical modifications in dentin. In conclusion, non-thermal argon plasma treatment for 30 s produced chemical changes in dentin and improved the μTBs of Clearfil SE Bond to NaOCl-treated dentin.

Resumo: O estudo das interações orgânicas da gestação e as mudanças fisiológicas que estão ocorrendo nesta fase são de extrema importância para a avaliação clínica da fêmea gestante ou para estabelecer o diagnóstico de processos patológicos em andamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o perfil das diversas proteínas sanguíneas (frações protéicas do soro - albumina, a1, a2, b, g globulinas e proteína total) durante o período gestacional e no diestro em cadelas. Foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas caninas da raça Dogue Alemão, em idade variando entre 2 a 7 anos, clinicamente saudáveis. Os animais foram separados em dois grupos, denominados Grupo não gestante (NG) e Grupo gestante (G), constituídos por 20 fêmeas em diestro e 20 fêmeas gestantes, respectivamente. Preconizou-se colheita de sangue semanalmente de cada animal durante 9 semanas. Nas fêmeas do grupo NG, as amostras foram colhidas a partir do início do diestro, até a detecção do início do anestro; no grupo G, as amostras foram colhidas do início do diestro até o momento da parição. A partir do soro sanguíneo, foram determinadas as concentrações de proteína total, albumina, a1, a2, b e g globulinas. Não houve diferença significativa quanto aos resultados de proteína sérica total entre a 1ª e 6ª semanas de gestação e diestro, havendo decréscimo gradual em ambos grupos. Já ao final da gestação (entre a 7ª e 9ª semanas), houve acréscimo significativo dos valores de proteína total, sugerindo ação anabólica. Os níveis de albumina sofreram queda da 1ª a 9ª semana, tanto no grupo gestante, como não-gestante, com diferença estatística entre os dois grupos na 7ª, 8ª e 9ª semanas. As concentrações de α1 globulina nas fêmeas gestantes sofreram acréscimo significativo a partir da 2ª semana, contudo, diferença estatística entre os grupos NG e G ocorreu somente na 8ª e 9ª semanas, coincidindo com a fase de preparação à parição. Houve aumento no perfil de α2 globulina entre a 2ª e 3ª semanas de gestação, porém tais valores não diferiram das fêmeas em diestro. Diferença significativa de α2 globulina foi observada apenas durante a 4ª, 5ª, 6ª, 8ª e 9ª semanas entre os dois grupos avaliados. As concentrações séricas de β globulina nas cadelas não-gestantes foi superior às das fêmeas gestantes durante a 2ª, 4ª e 7ª semanas. Durante o primeiro terço da gestação (1ª a 3ª semana), foi observado queda dos valores de γ globulina, coincidente ao período pré implantacional e durante a formação dos sítios de implantação. Entre a 8ª e 9ª semanas de gestação, houve acréscimo significativo de γ globulina, possivelmente conseqüente ao aumento da produção de imunoglobulinas direcionadas à glândula mamária, como constituinte do colostro. Em conclusão, as proteínas alteram-se de forma evidente durante o período de gestação. Foi possível inferir diferenças nas funções biológicas das proteínas sanguíneas em cadelas gestantes e não gestantes. As proteínas determinadas estão envolvidas com o estímulo inflamatório durante a gestação, além dos mecanismos de regulação hormonal e preparação do organismo materno à lactação.

Abstract: The study of the organic interaction and physiological adaptations during pregnancy is of utmost importance for clinical evaluation and diagnosis of pathological conditions of pregnant bitches. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum protein profile (total protein, albumin, a1, a2, b and g globulin) of pregnant and diestrous bitches. For this purpose, 40 healthy 2 to7-year-old Great Dane bitches were used. The bitches were allocated in two experimental groups: Non-pregnant group (NP; n=20) and pregnant group (P; n=20). From each female, blood was drawn weekly during 9 weeks, from the diestrous onset until the beginning of anestrus or parturition, respectively from NP and P groups. The concentration of total protein, albumin and a1, a2, b and g globulins were determined from serum samples. No statistical difference was found for total protein between 1st and 6th weeks of pregnancy or diestrus. In both groups, there was a progressive decline in total protein concentration. At the end of pregnancy (7th to 9th week), a significant increase in total protein was verified, suggesting an anabolic process. Albumin concentration decreased between the 1st and 9th week in both groups, however, more markedly in the P group (with significant difference between groups at 7th, 8th and 9th week). The levels of α1 globulin in pregnant bitches increased significantly from the 2nd week on. Statistical difference was observed between groups only at the 8th and 9th week, during which a preparatory phase for parturition occurs. A significant rise in α2 globulin was shown between the 2nd and 3rd week of gestation, however without difference from the NP group. There was significant difference for α2 globulin between groups at the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 9th week. Serum concentration of b globulin in diestrous bitches was superior than pregnant bitches at the 2nd, 4th and 7th week. During early gestation (1st to 3rd week) there was a decrease in g globulin, simultaneously to the preimplantation period and formation of implantation sites. An increase in g globulin was shown between the 8th and 9th week in pregnant bitches, possibly due to the increase in immunoglobulin synthesis targeting the mammary gland to form the colostrum. In conclusion, markedly changes in protein profile occur during gestation. It was possible to state different biological function of blood proteins in pregnant and diestrous bitches. The determined proteins are enrolled in the inflammatory stimulus during gestation, as well as in the hormonal regulatory mechanisms and maternal preparatory process to lactation.

ABSTRACT The understanding of bone repair phenomena is a fundamental part of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of buried magnetic field stimulation on bone repair in rat calvaria after reconstruction with autogenous bone grafts, synthetic powdered hydroxyapatite, or allogeneic cartilage grafts, with or without exposure to magnetic stimulation. Material and Methods Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into 18 groups of five animals each. Critical bone defects were created in the rats’ calvaria and immediately reconstructed with autogenous bone, powdered synthetic hydroxyapatite or allogeneic cartilage. Magnetic implants were also placed in half the animals. Rats were euthanized for analysis at 15, 30, and 60 postoperative days. Histomorphometric analyses of the quantity of bone repair were performed at all times. Results These analyses showed significant group by postoperative time interactions (p=0.008). Among the rats subjected to autogenous bone reconstruction, those exposed to magnetic stimulation had higher bone fill percentages than those without magnetic implants. Results also showed that the quality of bone repair remained higher in the former group as compared to the latter at 60 postoperative days. Conclusions After 60 postoperative days, bone repair was greater in the group treated with autogenous bone grafts and exposed to a magnetic field, and bone repair was most pronounced in animals treated with autogenous bone grafts, followed by those treated with powdered synthetic hydroxyapatite and allogeneic cartilage grafts.

Despite the importance of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in the transmission of arboviruses, such as yellow fever, Chikungunya fever and dengue fever, some aspects of their behaviour remain unknown. In the present study, the oviposition behaviour of Ae. aegypti females that were exposed to different densities of breeding sites (2, 4, 8 and 16) was evaluated in laboratory and semi-field conditions. The number of breeding sites that were used was proportional to the number available, but tended towards stabilisation. Females used four-six breeding sites on average, with a maximum of 11. A high percentage of eggs was observed in the water, along with the presence of a breeding site termed “favourite”, which received at least 40% of the eggs. The results are discussed in ecological, evolutionary and epidemiological approaches.

O controle do crescimento microbiano tanto na indústria de alimentos quanto em ambientes hospitalares é de extrema importância. Entretanto, observa-se aumento da resistência dos microrganismos aos desinfetantes mais empregados, observando-se a necessidade de estudos com novos antimicrobianos. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e a curva de morte termoquímica de soluções desinfetantes de óleos essenciais sobre Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Enteritidis. Foram utilizados os óleos essenciais de Thymus vulgaris (tomilho), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamomo), Eugenia caryophyllus (cravo botão) e Foeniculum vulgare dulce (funcho doce). As concentrações mínimas inibitórias foram determinadas utilizando-se a técnica de diluição em placas. As concentrações testadas foram de (%): 0,00; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; e 5,0. Escherichia coli foi a única bactéria sensível a todos os óleos em concentrações abaixo de 5%. Cravo da índia não inibiu o crescimento de S. aureus nas concentrações testadas. Somente o óleo essencial de tomilho inibiu o crescimento de Salmonella Enteritidis. Observando-se as curvas de morte termoquímica de S. aureus, nota-se que a solução desinfetante contendo óleo essencial de tomilho foi a mais eficiente, tanto a 25 quanto a 40°C, sendo necessário apenas 10min. de contato para não serem mais detectadas células viáveis. A solução desinfetante contendo 0,25% de óleo essencial de tomilho, tanto a 25 quanto a 40°C, eliminou as células de S. Enteritidis após10min. de contato. Já pra E. coli , os melhores resultados foram obtidos com as soluções desinfetantes contendo óleos essenciais de funcho doce e cravo da índia a 25 e 40°C e tomilho a 40°C. Todos os tratamentos, exceto aqueles contendo óleo essencial de cardamomo, reduziram o número de células viáveis das bactérias testadas em pelo menos 5 ciclos log, sendo considerados adequados para utilização como desinfetantes

The control of microbial growth in the food industry and in hospital environments is extremely important. However there is increasing resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants normally applied, which leads to the need for new antimicrobial studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and thermochemical death curve of disinfectant solutions from essential oils on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis. The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom), Eugenia caryophyllus (clove bud) and Foeniculum vulgare dulce (sweet fennel) were used. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using dilution technique in Petridish. The concentrations tested were (%): 0.00 , 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 , 2.0, 2.5 , 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 , 4.5, and 5.0. Escherichia coli were the only bacteria sensitive to all oils at concentrations below 5%. Cloves did not inhibit the growth of S. aureus at the concentrations tested. Only the thyme essential oil inhibited the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis. Observing the thermochemical death curves of S. aureus one can see that the disinfectant solution containing thyme essential oil was the most effective, both at 25 and 40°C, requiring only 10min contact to no longer detecte viable cells. The disinfectant solution containing 0.25% thyme essential oil, both at 25 and 40°C removed S. Enteritidis cells after 10min. contact. For E. coli the best results were obtained with disinfectant solutions containing fennel and sweet clove essential oils at 25 and 40°C and thyme at 40°C. All treatments, except that containing cardamom essential oil, reduce the number of viable bacteria cells tested in at least 5log cycles, being considered suitable for use as disinfectants

Introduction: There are few studies on body composition and the effects of diet on weight postpartum women. The aim was to evaluate the body composition and bone parameters in lactating rats treated with diet containing flaxseed flour during postweaning period. Methods: After weaning, the lactating rat were divided in control (n = 6) and experimental (F, n = 6) group, treated with 25% flaxseed flour diet. After 30 days, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, serum analysis, organs and intra-abdominal fat mass, femur and lumbar vertebra parameters were determined. Results: The groups showed similar food intake, body mass and bone parameters. While F group showed the following: lower body (-5%), gonadal (-17%), mesenteric (-23%) and intra-abdominal (-6%) fat mass. Increase of HDL-cholesterol (+10%) and lower glucose (-15%), triglycerides (P < 0.05, -37%) and cholesterol (P < 0.05, -21%). Conclusions: The findings highlight the effects of flaxseed for control of adiposity and to maintain a healthy biochemical profile during the postnatal period.

Introducción: Hay pocos estudios sobre la composición corporal y los efectos de la dieta en mujeres en el periodo postparto. El objetivo consistió en evaluar la composición corporal y los parámetros óseos en ratas lactantes tratadas con dietas a base de linaza durante el periodo de destete. Métodos: Después del destete, las ratas lactantes fueron divididas en un grupo de control (n = 6) y un grupo experimental (F, n = 6), tratadas con una dieta a base de harina de lino al 25%. Al cabo de 30 días, se midieron los parámetros corporales mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía, se realizó un análisis sérico, y se evaluó órganos y masa grasa intra-abdominal así como los parámetros en fémur y vértebras lumbares. Resultados: El grupo mostró una ingesta alimenticia similar, así como parámetros óseos y de masa corporal. Mientras que el grupo F mostró los porcentajes siguientes en masa grasa: parte inferior del cuerpo (-5%), gonadal (-17%), mesentérica (-23%) e intra-abdominal (-6%). Aumento de HDL-colesterol (+10%) y disminución de glucosa (-15%), triglicéridos (P < 0,05, -37%) y colesterol (P < 0,05, -21%). Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan los efectos del lino para el control de la adiposidad y para mantener un perfil bioquímico sano durante el periodo postnatal.