Abstract Background Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of morbidity in cancer patients. Breast cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment are at an increased risk of VTE. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of VTE in patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of breast cancer and to identify the related risk factors. Methods A historical cohort of patients at the São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP) underwent surgery for breast cancer. The inclusion criteria covered patients with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ who had breast surgery anytime from January 2016 to December 2018. Results Of the 1672 patients included in the study, 15 had a confirmed diagnosis of VTE (0.9%), and 3 of these had deep vein thrombosis (0.2%), and 12, had pulmonary thromboembolism (0.7%). Clinical and tumoral characteristics did not differ between the groups. The incidence of VTE was higher in patients who had undergone skin-sparing mastectomy or nipple-sparing mastectomy (p = 0.032). Immediate reconstruction, particularly with abdominal-based flaps (4.7%), increased VTE events (p = 0.033). Median surgical time was higher in patients with VTE episodes (p = 0.027), and total hospital length of stay increased in days (6 days vs. 2 days, p = 0.001). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative prophylaxis with Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) were associated with lower VTE rates (0.2% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.048 and 0.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.039; respectively) in these patients. Conclusions The incidence of VTE events in breast cancer patients who underwent surgery was 0.9%. Immediate reconstruction (especially with abdominal-based flaps), skin-sparing/nipple-sparing mastectomies, and longer surgeries were associated with increased risk. The LMWH postoperative prophylaxis reduced this risk.

RESUMO O divertículo epifrênico é uma patologia rara associada a distúrbios motores esofágicos e, frequentemente, assintomática, tendo indicações cirúrgicas bem estabelecidas. Relatamos um caso de divertículo epifrênico gigante em paciente de 59 anos, sexo feminino, sintomática, diagnosticada por exames complementares. Devido à sintomatologia, optou-se por tratamento cirúrgico, sendo realizada a diverticulectomia esofágica com cardiomiotomia e fundoplicatura parcial anterior laparoscópica.

ABSTRACT Epiphrenic diverticulum is a rare disease associated with esophageal motor disorders that is usually asymptomatic and has a well-established surgical indication. We report a case of giant epiphrenic diverticulum in a 59-year-old symptomatic woman who was diagnosed after underwent complementary exams. Because of her symptoms, the surgical treatment was chosen, and esophageal diverticulectomy was performed along with laparoscopic cardiomyotomy and anterior partial fundoplication.

INTRODUÇÃO: A introdução da técnica laparoscópica em 1985 foi um fator importante na colecistectomia por representar técnica menos invasiva, resultado estético melhor e menor risco cirúrgico comparado ao procedimento laparotômico. OBJETIVO: Comparar a colecistectomia laparoscópica e a minilaparotômica no tratamento da colecistolitíase. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se busca eletrônica nas bases de dados Medline, Embase, Cochrane e Lilacs. Os descritores utilizados foram "Cholecystectomy", "Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic" e "Laparotomy". A qualidade metodológica dos estudos primários foi avaliada pelo sistema Grade. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos dez ensaios clínicos randomizados, totalizando 2043 pacientes, sendo 1020 no grupo Laparoscopia e 1023 no grupo Minilaparotomia. A colecistectomia laparoscópica dispensou menor tempo de permanência hospitalar (p<0,00001) e de retorno às atividades laborais (p<0,00001) comparado à minilaparotomia, e esta menor tempo cirúrgico (p<0,00001) comparado à laparoscopia. A laparoscopia diminuiu o risco de dor pós-operatória (NNT=7) e de complicações infecciosas (NNT=50). Não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos em relação à conversão (p=0,06) e reintervenções cirúrgicas (p=0,27), perfuração da vesícula (p=0,98), incidência de injúria do ducto biliar comum (p=1,00), infecção de sítio operatório (p=0,52) e íleo paralítico (p=0,22). CONCLUSÃO: Na colecistolitíase, a colecistectomia laparoscópica está associada à menor incidência de dor pós-operatória e complicações infecciosas, assim como menor tempo de internação hospitalar e tempo de retorno às atividades laborais se comparada à colecistectomia minilaparotômica.

INTRODUCTION: A introdução da técnica laparoscópica em 1985 foi um fator importante na colecistectomia por representar técnica menos invasiva, resultado estético melhor e menor risco cirúrgico comparado ao procedimento laparotômico. AIM: To compare laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in the treatment of cholelithiasis. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials, which included studies from four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Lilacs) was performed. The keywords used were "Cholecystectomy", "Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic" and "Laparotomy". The methodological quality of primary studies was assessed by the Grade system. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials were included, totaling 2043 patients, 1020 in Laparoscopy group and 1023 in Minilaparotomy group. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy dispensed shorter length of hospital stay (p<0.00001) and return to work activities (p<0.00001) compared to minilaparotomy, and the minilaparotomy shorter operative time (p<0.00001) compared to laparoscopy. Laparoscopy decrease the risk of postoperative pain (NNT=7) and infectious complications (NNT=50). There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding conversion (p=0,06) and surgical reinterventions (p=0,27), gall bladder's perforation (p=0,98), incidence of common bile duct injury (p=1.00), surgical site infection (p=0,52) and paralytic ileus (p=0,22). CONCLUSION: In cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative pain and infectious complications, as well as shorter length of hospital stay and time to return to work activities compared to minilaparotomy cholecystectomy.