ABSTRACT Coal gangue occupies substantial land resources. Using coal gangue as reinforcement fill material is an effective utilization method. The characteristics of the soil-reinforcement interface influence the safety and stability. Large-scale direct shear tests were conducted to study the interface characteristics of coal gangue with polypropylene woven geotextile, welded steel-plastic geogrid, and high-density polyethylene uniaxial geogrid. The tests revealed that the shear stress-shear displacement relationship is nonlinear and positively correlated with normal stress, with the breakage of burnt coal gangue particles observed during the process. The maximum shear stress and shear strength index of the interface for the three geosynthetics reinforced coal gangue are in the order of uniaxial high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geogrid showing the highest reinforcement strength, followed by the welded steel-plastic geogrid, with the polypropylene woven geotextile having the lowest strength. After HDPE geogrid reinforcement, interface friction angle slightly changes, but cohesion significantly increases, with an increase of 1156.9%. Considering the interface interactions, among the three geosynthetic materials, HDPE geogrid exhibits the most effective reinforcement effect on coal gangue, followed by the welded steel-plastic geogrid. The geotextile shows the least effectiveness in reinforcing burnt coal gangue. For reinforced coal gangue projects, HDPE geogrid is recommended as the reinforcing material. resources method soilreinforcement soil stability Largescale Large scale steelplastic steel plastic highdensity high density stressshear process (HDPE changes increases 11569 1156 9 1156.9% interactions materials projects 115 1156.9 11 1156. 1

ABSTRACT Purpose: Over-activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, its regulation mechanism is not clear yet. This paper explored the role of WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) in the development of late-onset preeclampsia and its relationship with NF-κB. Methods: WDR5 expression was detected in normal placentas and placentas from late-onset preeclampsia patients. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were conducted to appraise the proliferative ability of trophoblast. Migration and invasion were observed by wound healing and transwell assays. The interaction between WDR5 and NF-κB inhibitor I-kappa-B-alpha (IkBa) was verified by Co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the activation of NF-κB. Finally, we tested the role of WDR5 using the mice late-onset preeclampsia model. Results: WDR5 was highly expressed in the placentas of late-onset preeclampsia patients. WDR5 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in trophoblast. WDR5 could interact with IkBa to activate NF-κB. Knockdown of NF-κB counteracted the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of WDR5 overexpression in trophoblast. In-vivo studies suggested that targeting WDR5 combated late-onset preeclampsia development. Conclusions: Our finding provides new insights into the role of WDR5 in late-onset preeclampsia development. Purpose Overactivation Over NFκB NF κB (NF-κB However yet WDR (WDR5 lateonset late onset NFκB. κB. Methods patients CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- trophoblast IkappaBalpha I alpha (IkBa Coimmunoprecipitation Co immunoprecipitation analysis Finally model Results proliferation migration antiproliferative anti antimetastatic metastatic Invivo In vivo Conclusions (WDR